Electrical Output Performance Research Articles

Self-powered wireless sensor networks based on the radioisotope thermoelectric generator for aquatic temperature monitoring

This study focuses on the development of ultra-long-life wireless sensor network (WSN) node based on the thermoelectric effect for use in areas such as aquatic temperature monitoring. A long-lasting radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) was used as the energy source for the WSN node to address issues such as short runtime and pollution associated with traditional chemical batteries and solar cells. A compact RTG was fabricated by developing thermoelectric modules with high adaptability to cylindrical heat sources. The electrical output performance at the ocean surface and in the underwater environment was analyzed, with the maximum output power reaching 2326.6 μW. An integrated circuit module comprising direct current to direct current (DC-DC) boost converters, control switch circuits, and supercapacitors was employed to power the WSN node from the RTG directly. Powered by the RTG, a WSN node for monitoring ocean temperature was also constructed. Its performance was evaluated under different environmental conditions by investigating the effects of RTG’s output, sensor data variations, distance, and other factors on WSN node stability. Results demonstrate that the designed self-powered WSN node can operate stably and continuously at the ocean surface and in underwater environments, thereby showing its promising prospects.

Backward motion suppression in space-constrained piezoelectric pipeline robots

In response to the current challenges of detecting micro pipelines, a micro pipeline robot based on the principle of piezoelectric inertia stick-slip drive was proposed in this paper, which can be effectively applied to the detection and maintenance of micro pipelines. However, during the analysis of the robot's displacement trajectory, it was observed that using inertial drive could cause the backward motion of the robot. This may adversely affect the accuracy and stability of the robot's operation within the micro pipelines. Therefore, a novel control method is derived from the original pipeline robot structure. By affixing piezoelectric sheets to the driving feet of the robot to adjust their deformation and subsequently employing collaborative control of piezoelectric sheets and piezoelectric stacks to regulate friction between the driving feet and the pipe wall, the backward motion of the robot was effectively mitigated. Compared to existing backward motion suppression methods, the approach proposed in this paper has a minimal impact on the actuator's size, allowing for flexible adaptation to various space-constrained applications, while also offering the advantage of a simple control strategy. After determining the structure and working principle, deformation analysis of the driving foot and dynamic simulation analysis of the driving system were conducted. These analyses provide insights into the relationship between mechanical and electrical parameters and output performance within the driving system, thereby validating the feasibility of the control method. Subsequently, a prototype was fabricated, and its output performance was tested. Results demonstrate that this control method can effectively suppress inertial backward motion, achieving a suppression rate close to 100 %. This research presents a novel idea and methodology for mitigating the backward motion of piezoelectric inertial stick-slip actuators with driving foot structures.

Experimental Analysis and CFD Simulation of Photovoltaic/Thermal System with Nanofluids for Sustainable Energy Solution

The integration of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems with nanofluids presents a promising avenue for enhancing sustainable energy solution. This study investigates the performance of such systems through experimental analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Nanofluids, engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, are employed to enhance heat transfer within the PV/T system. The experimental setup involves measuring electrical output, thermal efficiency, and overall system performance under varying conditions. Additionally, CFD simulations are conducted to model fluid flow and heat transfer dynamics within the PV/T collector integrated with nanofluids. The results from both experimental and simulation studies provide insights into the synergitic effects of nanofluids on enhancing energy conversion efficiency and thermal management of the PV/T system. The research contributes to the development of sustainable energy solutions by demonstrating the potential of nanofluid-enhanced PV/T systems in improving energy conversion efficiency and thermal management for various environmental conditions.

Triboelectric Nanogenerator Made with Stretchable, Antibacterial Hydrogel Electrodes for Biomechanical Sensing.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted widespread attention as a promising candidate for energy harvesting due to their flexibility and high power density. To meet diverse application scenarios, a highly stretchable (349%), conductive (1.87 S m-1), and antibacterial electrode composed of carbon quantum dots/LiCl/agar-polyacrylamide (CQDs/LiCl/agar-PAAm) dual-network (DN) hydrogel is developed for wearable TENGs. Notably, the concentration of agar alters the pore spacing and pore size of the DN hydrogel, thereby impacting the network cross-linking density and the migration of conductive ions (Li+ and Cl-). This variation further affects the mechanical strength and conductivity of the hydrogel electrode, thus modulating the mechanical stability and electrical output performance of the TENGs. With the optimal agar content, the tensile strength and conductivity of the hydrogel electrode increase by 211 and 719%, respectively. This enhancement ensures the stable output of TENGs during continuous operation (6000 cycles), with open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and transferred charge increasing by 200, 530, and 155%, respectively. Additionally, doping with CQDs enables the hydrogel electrode to effectively inhibit the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Finally, the TENGs are utilized as a self-power smart ring for efficient and concise information transmission via Morse code. Consequently, this study introduces a creative approach for designing and implementing multifunctional, flexible wearable devices.

Hydrogel‐Based Droplet Electricity Generators: Intrinsically Stretchable and Transparent for Seamless Integration in Diverse Environments

AbstractDroplet‐based electricity generators (DEGs) have emerged as innovative devices capable of transducing the kinetic energy of falling water droplets into electrical power, thereby presenting a promising solution for ambient energy harvesting. For effective application, DEGs must exhibit transparency and flexibility to facilitate aesthetic integration and optical/mechanical adaptability for utilization on natural objects and wearable devices. In this study, a hydrogel‐based DEG (Hy‐DEG) designed is proposed to be seamlessly integrated into everyday environments without compromising design or functionality. With the intrinsic characteristics of hydrogel, the Hy‐DEG exhibits superior optical transmittance (≈99%) and stretchability (≈70% of its original length), generating the electrical output performance of ≈45 V of voltage, 15 µA of current, and 42 µW of maximum peak power, with single droplet impact. This capability of the Hy‐DEG can operate electronic devices for environmental monitoring while maintaining seamless integration with commonly encountered surfaces. In this context, this study elucidates the characteristics of hydrogel bestowing novel functionalities upon the DEG, expanding the potential for energy harvesting in residential and commercial contexts. The implications of this research extend beyond conventional energy generation, fostering the development of self‐powered, transparent, and flexible devices.

Optimizing the Sewing Position of Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters on a Three-Dimensional Deforming Heart: An Integrated Approach Using Finite Element Analysis, Deep Learning, and Theoretical Modeling

Abstract Flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters (FPEHs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their potential applications in the field of biomedicine, such as powering implantable devices. Despite observations in numerous in vivo experiments that the electrical output of FPEHs varies considerably with sewing positions during energy harvesting from heartbeats, optimal sewing positions have not been thoroughly investigated. In this article, an approach that integrates finite element analysis (FEA), long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning method, and theoretical modeling was proposed to investigate the impact of the sewing position on the harvest performance of the FPEH, utilizing real three-dimensional heart deformation data as the end-to-end displacement load for the FPEH. The results reveal that the sewing positions have a significant influence on the electric output performance of the FPEH. The optimal sewing position was identified near the posterior interventricular groove on the upper part of the left ventricle, with a corresponding optimal resistance value of 8 MΩ and an output power of 122.9 nW. Additionally, five suggested sewing positions across different regions of the heart's surface were provided for clinical application. The methodology that integrates FEA, deep learning approach, and theoretical modeling in this article can be extended to determine the optimal position for the flexible devices patching on other irregular and deforming surfaces.

Continuous fabrication of triboelectric/piezoelectric hybrid yarns with high output for self-powered wearable sensors

Yarn-based nanogenerators exhibit potential for use in self-powered wearable sensors. However, their current limitations include intricate manufacturing procedures, low electrical output performance, and a restricted level of reliability. Here, we present a continuous fabrication approach for fabricating triboelectric/piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerators utilizing yarns with integrated exceptional performance. The continuous production process exhibits the attributes of one-step forming, wherein piezoelectric nanofibers and triboelectric silicone rubber covering are simultaneously and effectively attached to a single yarn to create yarn-based hybrid nanogenerators. The hybrid yarn demonstrates exceptional electrical output performance by harnessing the advantages of both piezoelectric and triboelectric effects, resulting in a power density of 26.72 μW/m2 at 17 MΩ. Demonstrating high sensitivity, stability, and mechanical resilience, yarn-based hybrid nanogenerators are suitable for self-powered wearable sensors, enabling applications in Morse code recognition and gait detection. This innovation in yarn-based nanogenerators broadens their scope, heralding new possibilities in the energy-harvesting device and wearable technology.

Construction of small size and high output triboelectric nanogenerator by multi-layer-stacking and charge excitation

Abstract The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been considered a low-frequency mechanical energy collection and conversion device in the modern era. The reasonable stack structure of TENG is an effective method to boost its electric output performance within a limited space. Nevertheless, relying solely on the stacking structure, the TENG is unable to produce excessive output due to the low contact electrification capability of its materials. Hence, there are still significant challenges in enhancing the output performance of stacked TENGs. We propose a multi-layer-stack TENG (M-TENG) with two zigzag-shaped (Z-shaped) multilayer units interleaving and stacking with each other, which enormously enlarges the effective utilization area. Furthermore, a voltage multiplier circuit (VMC) incorporating a Zener diode allows the transfer charge to approach the critical threshold and maintain a stable output. The transfer charge and current of M-TENG integrated with a VMC can reach 1.52 μC and 86 μA, respectively, with the maximum output of the TENG being 8.65 mW (5 MΩ). To prove it as a self-power device, M-TENG excited by a VMC is employed to power 912 light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and three temperature and humidity sensors with a power management circuit (PMC), respectively. This work offers a new method for optimizing stacking-layer TENG electric output performance in a narrow space.

Preparation and sensing performance of wet-spun fabric triboelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting

Flexible, wearable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) monitoring human movement and health signals have received more attention recently. In particular, developing a flexible TENG combining stress, strain, electrical output performance and durability becomes the current research focus. Herein, a highly stretchable, self-powered coaxial yarn TENGs were manufactured using a low-cost, efficient continuous wet-spinning method. Carbon nanotube/conductive thermoplastic polyurethane (MWCNT/CTPU) and polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene were utilized for the coaxial fibers conductive layers and dielectric layers, respectively. Fibers were continuously collected over a length of 10 m. Excellent electrical output with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 11.4 V, short-circuit current (Isc) of 114.8 nA, and short-circuit transfer charge (Qsc) of 6.1 nC was achieved. In addition, fabric TENGs with different two and three dimensional structures were further prepared by the developed coaxial fibers. The corresponding electrical output properties and practical performance were discussed. Results showed that the four-layer three-dimensional angle interlocking structure exhibited the optimal performance with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 38.4 V, short-circuit current (Isc) of 451.5 nA, and short-circuit transfer charge (Qsc) of 23.1 nC.

Analysis of transient energy conversion performance improvement of thermoelectric generator with penetrating crack under pulsed heat source

To simulate the performance of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) in practical applications more accurately and comprehensively analyse the influence of transient heat source and crack on such devices, it is necessary to examine the transient performance of TEGs with cracks under periodic pulsed heat source. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear dynamic finite element model with thermal, electrical, and mechanical coupling was established, and the laws describing the macroscopic electrical energy output and thermal stress distribution were derived. The position of the maximum thermal stress changed as the crack size varied. When the crack field axis was increased from 0.2 mm to 1.8 mm, the total output energy increased by 14.4 %, whereas the thermal stress increased to 447 MPa. The total energy growth rate under pulsed heat source conditions reached 52.3 % (from 62.71 J to 95.52 J) compared with that of the steady-state heat source. However, the maximum thermal stress increased by 173.6 % (from 91 MPa to 249 MPa). The results show that the crack and pulsed heat source can effectively improve the electrical output performance of TEGs; however, their mechanical properties deteriorated. This study is useful in terms of predicting the performance of TEGs in practical applications more accurately.

Phononic crystals with incomplete line defects: applications in high-performance and broadband acoustic energy localization and harvesting

Using phononic crystals (PnCs) to enhance the electrical output performance of piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) devices and broaden the frequency range of harvesting energy is crucial to solving the self-energy of low-power devices such as wireless sensors. In this work, an ultra-wide full-band gap PnC was designed. The concept of a PnC with an incomplete line defect was proposed. The energy localization and harvesting of incomplete line defect PnCs and traditional point defect and line defect PnCs were studied by finite element analysis. The results show that compared with a point defect and a line defect, the output electric power of an incomplete line defect was increased by 31.88 times and 2.51 times, respectively, and the energy localization and harvesting frequency band were widened. By exploring the influence of the periodicity of the vertical incomplete line defect direction on the electrical output performance of the PnC-based PEH system, it is found that the electrical output performance of the 5 × 3 incomplete line defect PnC is the best, and the maximum output voltage and output electric power are 27.36 V and 17.29 mW, respectively. This work provides new insights and ideas for improving the energy localization and harvesting performance of PnC-based PEH systems.

Macroscopic liquid superlubric triboelectric nanogenerator: An in-depth understanding of solid-liquid interfacial charge behavior

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been seen as one of the most promising energy harvesting technologies. However, there are an irreconcilable contradiction between low friction and high electrical output performance of the TENG. Here, we have devised a macroscale liquid superlubric triboelectric nanogenerator based on solid-liquid-solid structure, leveraging the concept of liquid superlubricity technology, resulting in a remarkable increase in both the open circuit voltage and short-circuit current by 53.0 % and 58.4 %, respectively. This huge increase in electrical output performance is accompanied by a 99.1 % reduction in friction coefficient (≈ 0.0025) and 99.993 % reduction in wear rate (≈ 0.76×10−7 mm3/N·m), when compared to those of a lubricant-free triboelectric nanogenerator. This work delves into the lubrication and charge transfer mechanisms. The liquid superlubricity technology achieves friction reduction through a hybrid mechanism combining boundary and hydrodynamic lubrication. And the high outputs arise from the charges transfer at solid-liquid interface. The triboelectric charges generated by the friction pair are transferred from solid to the lubricating liquid. Meanwhile, the lubricating liquid promotes electron transfer and contributes additional electrons. Our work provides profound insights into the lubrication and charge transfer mechanisms at solid-liquid interfaces, and addresses the paradox of high output and low friction in TENGs.

Highly conductive rubber-based electrode with a robust wrinkled mesh-like copper coating for stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator

Stretchable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained increasing attention for their potential applications in wearable electronics. However, the fabrication of metal-coated flexible electrodes with a robust metal-polymer interface, high conductivity, and stretchability remains challenging for stretchable TENGs. Herein, a stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was designed using a highly conductive natural rubber (NR) electrode with a wrinkled mesh-like copper coating, which was chemically plated onto its surface by polymer-assisted metal deposition (PAMD) technology. To enable the PAMD process, a layer of polyacrylic acid (PAA) polymer brushes was first grafted onto the NR surface. This could not only assist the chemical plating but also improve the interfacial adhesion between the copper coating and the NR substrates. More importantly, the PAA layer facilitated the interconversion between the wrinkled structure and mesh-like structure of the copper coating during stretching cycles to ensure its conductivity and mechano-electrical stability. With this intrinsically stretchable rubber-based electrode, TENG devices were designed in a contact-separation configuration, which could effectively harvest mechanical energy in both pressing and stretching modes and show excellent electrical output performance. Notably, the rubber-based TENG could work stably at 100 % strain and produce a maximum power density of 0.14 mW/m2 at the resistance load of 3×107 Ω. Therefore, the stretchable rubber-based TENG in this work demonstrated a potential solution to flexible micromechanical energy harvesters for wearable devices.

Rationally Improved Surface Charge Density of Triboelectric Nanogenerator with TiO2-MXene/Polystyrene Nanofiber Charge Trapping Layer for Biomechanical Sensing and Wound Healing Application.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have become reliable green energy harvesters by converting biomechanical motions into electricity. However, the inevitable charge leakage and poor electric field (EF) of conventional TENG result in inferior tribo-charge density on the active layer. In this paper, TiO2-MXene incorporated polystyrene (PS) nanofiber membrane (PTMx NFM) charge trapping interlayer is introduced into single electrode mode TENG (S-TENG) to prevent electron loss at the electrode interface. Surprisingly, this charge-trapping mechanism augments the surface charge density and electric output performance of TENGs. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) mixed polyurethane (PU) NFM is used as tribo-active layer, which improves the crystallinity and mechanical property of PVDF to prevent delamination during long cycle tests. Herein, the effect of this double-layer capacitive model is explained experimentally and theoretically. With optimization of the PTMx interlayer thickness, S-TENG exhibits a maximum open-circuit voltage of (280V), short-circuit current of (20µA) transfer charge of (120 nC), and power density of (25.2 µW cm-2). Then, this energy is utilized to charge electrical appliances. In addition, the influence of AC/DC EF simulation in wound healing management (vitro L929 cell migration, vivo tissue regeneration) is also investigated by changing the polarity of trans-epithelial potential (TEP) distribution in the wounded area.

Wireless Alerts and Data Monitoring from BNNO-MWCNTs/PDMS Composite Film-Based TENG Integrated Inhaler for Smart Healthcare Application.

In recent years, the implementation of energy-harvesting technology in medical equipment has attracted significant interest owing to its potential for self-powered and smart healthcare systems. Herein, the integration of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is proposed into an inhaler for energy-harvesting and smart inhalation monitoring. For this initially, barium sodium niobium oxide (Ba2NaNb5O15) microparticles (BNNO MPs) are synthesized via a facile solid-state synthesis process. The BNNO MPs with ferroelectricity and high dielectric constant are incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer to make BNNO/PDMS composite films (CFs) for TENG fabrication. The fabricated TENG is operated in a contact-separation mode, and its electrical output performance is compared to establish the optimal BNNO MPs concentration. Furthermore, multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), a conductive filler material, are used to enhance the electrical conductivity of the CFs, thereby improving the electrical output performance of the TENG. The robustness/durability of the proposed BNNO-MWCNTs/PDMS CF-based TENG are investigated. The proposed TENG device is demonstrated to harvest electrical energy from mechanical motions via regular human activities and power portable electronics. The TENG is integrated into the inhaler casing to count the number of sprays remaining in the canister, send the notification to a smartphone via Bluetooth, and harvest energy.

Beyond Metallic Electrode: Spontaneous Formation of Fluidic Electrodes from Operational Liquid in Highly Functional Droplet-Based Electricity Generator.

The droplet-based electricity generator (DEG) has facilitated efficient droplet energy harvesting, yet diversifying its applications necessitates the incorporation of various to the DEG. This study first proposes a methodology for advancing the DEG by substituting its conventional metallic electrode with electrically conductive water electrode(WE), which is spontaneously generated during the operation of the DEG with operating liquid. Due to the inherent conductive and fluidic nature of water, the introduction of the WEmaintains the electrical output performance of the DEG while imparting functionalities such as high transparency and flexibility. So, the resultant WEapplied DEG (WE-DEG) exhibits high optical transmittance (≈99%) and retains its electricity-generating capability under varying deformations, including bending and stretching. This innovation expands the versatility of the DEG, and especially, a sun-raindrop dual-mode energy harvester is demonstrated by hybridizing the WE-DEG and photovoltaic (PV) cell. This hybridization effectively addresses the weather-dependent limitations inherent in each energy harvester and enhances the temperature-induced inefficiencies typically observed in PV cells, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency. The introduction of the WEwill be poised to catalyze new developments in DEG research, paving the way for broader applicability and enhanced efficiency in droplet energy harvesting technologies.

High‐Performance Double‐Layer Textile‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator

This article aims to investigate the electrical output performance of the proposed textile‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (T‐TENG) under the operating principle of contact–separation mode. Herein, the T‐TENG structure is developed by electrospinning and weaving technologies. Therein, core–shell yarns are initially fabricated by applying nanocomposite zinc oxide /polyamide‐66 (ZnO–PAn) fibers on carbon (C) yarns. Then, yarns are directly woven as weft with polyamide‐66 yarns as warp to assemble the T‐TENG structure with the help of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer. The results show that increasing the microscopic factor (i.e., the surface roughness) of the PTFE layer about twice can, respectively, enhance the open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current of the T‐TENG up to 27% and 21.7% on average; besides that the thickness of the PTFE layer plays an important role in the electrical output quality of T‐TENG. Equally important, improving the rough surface of the active layer (i.e., woven fabric layer) through nanocomposite fibers (ZnO/PAn) can endow the T‐TENG structure to generate excellent electrical potentials under different tapping frequencies. Interestingly, the best electrical output performance obtained in this article can reach maximum values (≈14 μA and 200 V) at 10 Hz with a structure (C–ZnO5%PAn/PAf@PTFE2m) and achieve a 2.7 mW power density on a 27 MΩ external resistance.

First development of transparent wood-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TW-TENG): Cooperative incorporation of transparency, aesthetic of wood, and superior triboelectric properties

The combination of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and wood-based materials offers a sustainable strategy for energy harvesting. The main challenge in realizing wood-based TENG is to increase the polarizabilities of wood. Herein, we introduce the first instance of a transparent wood-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TW-TENG), which synergistically incorporates superior triboelectric properties, optical properties, and aesthetic of wood. Addressing the challenges of weak polarizability and opacity inherent in natural wood, we propose a functionalized modification approach involving delignification and impregnation with UV-curable resin. In this study, leveraging delignification and the strong electron-donating groups within the UV-curable resin, the electrical output performance of TW-TENG is improved by 6.5 times compared to that of natural wood, and maintains stability over 10,000 operational cycles. Moreover, the matching refractive index between the UV-curable resin and the wood substrate offers TW-TENG with high transparency, achieving an optical transmittance of up to 88.8 %, exhibiting the unique aesthetic value of transparent wood. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential applications of TW-TENG in energy harvesting, sensor technologies, smart decorative materials, smart home systems, and beyond, exemplified through its utilization in electrical output generation by pressing, capacitor charging and discharging, and self-powered multiplexed sensing smart target shooter.

Fast-Curing of Liquid Crystal Thermosets Enabled by End-Groups Regulation and In Situ Monitoring by Triboelectric Spectroscopy.

The development of high-performance polymer is crucial for the fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) used in extreme conditions. Liquid crystal polyarylate thermosets (LCTs) demonstrate great potential as triboelectric material by virtue of exceptional comprehensive properties. However, there are only a few specific end-groups like phenylethynyl matching the LCT polycondensation temperature (above 300°C). Moreover, the excellent properties of LCTs rely on the crosslinked network formed with long curing time at high temperature, restricting their further application in triboelectric material. Herein, a fast-curing LCT is designed by terminating with 4-maleimidophenol possessing appropriate reactivity. The resultant LCT (MA-LC-MA) exhibits much lower polycondensation temperature (250-270°C) and curing temperature of 300°C within only 1min compared to typical LCTs (cured at 370°C for 1h). Furthermore, the cured MA-LC-MA retains a high glass transition temperature of 135°C, storage modulus of 6MPa even at 350°C, and great electrical output performance. Additionally, triboelectric measurement related to the dielectric properties that vary with crosslinked network is innovatively utilized as an analysis technique of curing progress. This work provides a new strategy to design high-performance TENGs and promotes the development of next generation thermosets in extreme conditions.

B4C/PVDF-based triboelectric nanogenerator: Achieving high wear-resistance and thermal conductivity

Triboelectric active composites that are built with high thermal conductivity and wear-resistance are of prime importance for the long-term operation of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) in harsh environments. In this paper, it’s demonstrated that the introduction of B4C particles into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) leads to a thermal conductivity of 0.727 W/(m·k), which is 600 % higher than that of pure PVDF film, and a significant reduction of 39.7 % in the average friction mass loss of the B4C/PVDF. Enhanced anti-corrosion and electrical output performance are also observed, including an open-circuit voltage of 155.4 V, a short-circuit current of 7.9 μA, as well as a maximum output power density of 0.33 W/m2, which are 2.6, 6, and 12 times higher than those of pure PVDF devices, respectively. Interestingly, such a performance grows steadily, rather than degrades, with the operation time, which is sharply differentiated from that observed from other common composites and may be partly ascribed to the roughened surface of the composite film. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for improving the wear resistance and thermal conductivity of the triboelectric material for high-performance energy harvesting and self-powered sensing that are based on BP-TENG for long-term operation.