Electrical Machines Laboratory Research Articles

Installation of Stroboscopic Free Fluorescent Lamps for Electrical Machines Laboratory

Stroboscopic effects can alter human visual perception of the moving object in normal fluorescent lamps. To eliminate this effect, stroboscopic free fluorescent lamps are to be used in electrical machines laboratory to avoid accidents caused by moving object. A capacitor is placed in series with choke between two set of parallel connection of florescent lamp at 900 out of phase, thereby avoiding flickering of lamps at same time period. Hence one of the lamps will be glow during one half cycle. The aim of this paper is to install the stroboscopic free florescent lamps in Electric Machines laboratory to eliminate stroboscopic visual effect.

A Performance Evaluation of Three-Phase Induction Electric Motors between 1945 and 2020

In the late 19th century, the three-phase induction motor was the central element of productivity increase in the second industrial revolution in Europe and the United States. Currently, it is the main load on electrical systems in global terms, reaching approximately 70% of electrical energy consumption in the industrial sector worldwide. During the 20th century, electric motors underwent intense technological innovations that enabled significant performance gains. Thus, this work analyses the performance changes in squirrel-cage rotor three-phase induction electric motors (SCIMs) with mechanical powers of 3.7 kW, 37 kW, and 150 kW and speed ranges corresponding to two poles and eight poles, connected to a low voltage at a frequency of 60 Hz and tested between 1945 and 2020. The study confirms accumulated performance gains of above 10% in some cases. Insulating materials for electrical conductors have gone through several generations (cotton, silk, and currently, varnish). Improvements to the housing for cooling, the bearings, the quality of active materials, and the design were the elements that enabled the high gains in performance. The first commercial two-pole SCIM with a shaft power of 4.4 kW was marketed in 1891, with a weight/power ratio of 86 kg/kW, and until the 2000s, this value gradually decreased, eventually reaching 4.8 kg/kW. Between 2000 and 2020, this ratio showed a reversed trend based on improvements in the performance of SCIMs. More active materials were used, causing the weight/power ratio to reach 8.6 kg/kW. The MEPS (minimum energy performance standards) of SCIMs had an essential role in the performance gain over the last three decades. Data collection was via tests at the Electrical Machines Laboratory of the Institute of Energy and Environment of the University of São Paulo. The laboratory has a history of tests on electrical equipment dating from 1911.

A mobile augmented reality system to conduct electrical machines laboratory for undergraduate engineering students during the COVID pandemic

A mobile augmented reality system to conduct electrical machines laboratory for undergraduate engineering students during the COVID pandemic

Development of a Video Game for Teaching in an Electrical Machine Laboratory

Nowadays, the world has focused on digital media. There have been voices for and against virtual education. Gamification has been described as a strategy to transmit knowledge through the design and use of games. This article describes the first phase of the development of a game aimed at the transmission of knowledge related to engineers dedicated to the commercialization, diagnosis, and repair of induction motors; these are electrical machines widely used in industry. In this way, this paper shows the Electric Motor Store Simulator (hereinafter STME for its acronym in Spanish) is a free software project that aims to develop a game for users to have a closer idea about small businesses. It was developed as a minimum viable product under free software licensing, which allows anyone with the necessary knowledge to expand the functionality by adding or improving modules

Estimation of the Equivalent Circuit Parameters of Induction Motors by Laboratory Test

The determination of equivalent circuit parameters for AC induction motors represents an important task in an electrical machine laboratory. Frequently used open-circuit and short current tests answer these requirements. However, the results have a low accuracy. This becomes especially obvious when the equivalent circuit is applied for the motor current and power prediction. The main obstacles in this circumstance lie in the difficulty of providing a pristine open-circuit test, the lack of which causes errors in parameter estimation. A much more accurate approach can be carried out with a test including several output points with measurements of the motor torque, velocity, current, and power magnitudes. Nevertheless, a relatively simple and accurate method to ensure determining parameters for such tests does not exist. This article tries to provide such a method by an approach based on Kloss’s simplified equation and the Thevenin theorem. The significant novelty of the method is the specially selected synergetic interaction between the analytical and numerical approaches, which give a relatively simple algorithm with a good accuracy and a convergence of the parameters’ estimation.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A DIGITAL TRANSFORMER TRAINER

The digital transformer trainer is an electrical instrument design in the electric power and machine laboratory used extensively to demonstrate the operation and performance of the single phase transformer. It allows easy setup on all laboratory exercises on transformer and to check the transformer efficiency and performance. In this paper, the design and implementation of a digital transformer trainer is presented. The digital transformer trainer was constructed and it aims is to incorporate the necessary measuring instrument used to determine the behaviour of a single phase transformer in one inter-connection to become a single instrument for that specific purpose. It was constructed according to specification tested and found to give reliable results on test performed with higher efficiency.

Advances in Fault Diagnostics and Post‐Fault Operation of Electrical Drives

Advances in Fault Diagnostics and Post‐Fault Operation of Electrical Drives

Applied measurement of the motor speed controller for washing machine with random loads, part II

This research presents a very important industrial issue of controlling the production target, despite changing loads. Engines of various types, whether synchronous or synchronous, operate on single and three phase AC, DC motors or special motors such as stepper and servo. In all these motors, the speed control of the torque and speed of the above motors has gained considerable importance. There are three main ways reviewed in the current search, the second that completes the previous research referred to in the references. The three methods are PID method, LQR method and feeding –forward control methods. A real DC motor was used in electrical engineering machine laboratory at University of Diyala, Iraq. Where the actual parameters of the DC motor were actually calculated. The practical parameters were then integrated into the three control method Matlab codes for the purpose of comparing the results and representing the motor performance in the indicated control methods.

Artificial neural network based technique for energy management prediction

<p>The energy management of electrical machine is significant to ensure efficient power consumption. Mismanagement of energy consumption could give impact on low efficiency of energy consumption that leads to power wastage. This paper presents analysis of power consumption and electricity costing of the electrical machineries and equipment in High Voltage (HV) and Electrical Machine (EM) Laboratories at Faculty of Electrical Engineering (FKE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. The electrical data are collected using Fluke Meter 1750. Based on the analysis, it is found that the estimated annually electricity cost for HV Laboratory and EM Laboratory are RM 392.00 and RM 3197.76 respectively. For prediction of energy consumption of the two laboratories, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm is applied as computational tool using feedforward network type. The results show that the ANN is successfully modelled to predict the energy consumption.</p>

Characteristics and Functions of a Virtual Laboratory of Induction Machines in the Teaching Environment

This paper presents the development and implementation of a virtual laboratory aimed at recreating the fundamental aspects of induction machines tests. These machines are widely used in the industry and their tests require good preparation of the personnel that manipulates them. The proposed laboratory recreates the Electrical Machines Laboratory of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, which has the necessary equipment to administer tests on induction machines. One of the advantages of the proposed laboratory is that the Virtual Laboratory of Induction Machines (LVMI) facilitates student inclusion and can be used by educational institutions as a component for the expansion of academic coverage. The LVMI can also be used for other educational purposes. For instance, it can be used in statistics to study correlation and trend curves. This paper shows the background, usefulness, and characteristics of this project. Since the Universidad Nacional de Colombia has prepared the material for the public, readers are invited to use this material.

Supportive Learning Tool for Electrical Machines Laboratory Using Video Clips

Electrical machines and electromechanical energy conversion serve as required course in most undergraduate programs in power engineering around the globe. Sophomore and junior students should attend both lecture and laboratory sessions to gain basic foundation in power engineering. The Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, has made video clips for electrical machines laboratory and uploaded to YouTube. The main objectives of the video clips are to enable the students to review the laboratory session at their leisure time and to improve their laboratory skills. Upon completion, the students were pleased and found that the video clips were helpful.

SISTEMA PARA EL MONITOREO REMOTO DE LA TEMPERATURA EN TRANSFORMADORES DE DISTRIBUCIÓN

En este documento se presenta el desarrollo de un prototipo para el monitoreo remoto de la temperatura presente en transformadores de distribución. El sistema opera con dos señales de entrada, una proveniente de la temperatura existente en la parte interna del transformador, y otra correspondiente a la medición del valor ambiente. Posteriormente, las señales pasan a una etapa de acondicionamiento por medio de amplificadores operacionales, para finalmente ser transmitidas mediante módulos de radiofrecuencia. En el receptor, se realiza la visualización de los valores correspondientes en una pantalla de cristal líquido. El sistema se instaló en uno de los transformadores de distribución del laboratorio de máquinas eléctricas de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, realizando 20 mediciones de temperatura con el sistema de medición y con el equipo patrón, a diferentes horas del día y con diferentes cargabilidades para el transformador, obteniéndose un error máximo del 3,09%.

Reliability evaluation of SEIG rotor core magnetization with minimum capacitive excitation for unregulated renewable energy applications in remote areas

This paper presents reliability evaluation of residual magnetism in rotor core of the induction motor operated as SEIG using probability distribution approach and Monte Carlo simulation for unregulated renewable energy applications in remote areas. Parallel capacitors with calculated minimum capacitive value across the terminals of the induction motor operated as SEIG with unregulated shaft speed are connected during the experimental study. A three phase, 4poles, 50Hz, 5.5hp, 12.3A, 230V induction motor coupled with DC Shunt Motor is tested in the electrical machine laboratory with variable reactive loads. Using this experimental study, it is possible to choose a reliable induction machines operated as SEIG for unregulated renewable energy application. Failure density function, cumulative failure distribution function, survivor function, hazard model, probability of success and probability of failure for reliability evaluation of the three phase induction motor operating as a SEIG have been presented graphically in this paper.

Virtual Laboratory for Performing Tests on a Single-Phase Power Transformer

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a virtual laboratory for testing a single-phase power transformer using MATLAB Simulink environment. The models presented herein replicate the actual tests like no-load test, short-circuit test, load test, and short heat run test successfully well within tolerable accuracy. The rating of the transformer is taken to be 2 kVA, 230/115 V, 50 Hz which is a typical rating for transformers usually employed for practical classes in the Electrical Machine Laboratory for undergraduate courses. This model is attractive to students and they are able to gain insights into operational aspects of a single-phase power transformer. This model, in whole or part, may also be used as final year projects of engineering undergraduate students.

Development of Educational Platform for Experiments of Electric Machines

An educational platform to improve the test and the evaluation of the experimental data in electric machine laboratory is developed. The system is complement to the course taught of electric machines to undergraduate students. The proposed system can automatically acquire the experimental data from data acquisition device on the personal computer and transfer the data through interface card to the host server. The host sever performs the essential calculations of the obtained parameters. After the students enter their computational value through system interface, the host server could record, compare, estimate, and chart the result in real time. The system not only improves the efficiency of the experimental data evaluation but also provides the online comments including experimental purposes, principles, necessary instrument equipment, special notes, operation procedures, and results recording.

Multifunction Hardware Experimentation Laboratories

The electric machines laboratory, now underdevelopment at École Polytechnique de Montréal for ourelectrical engineering department, is presented as anexample to illustrate the pertinence of physicalexperimentation laboratories and therefore as thejustification for the considerable investments they require.

The Development of a New Type Rooftop Ventilator Turbine

This paper presents a small power generation system motivated by a coreless stator AFPM (Axial Flux Permanent Magnet) generator which is driven by the rooftop ventilator. The generator consists of discs for the rotor and the stator geometry. The stator disc is sandwiched between two rotor discs and the magnets in the two opposite rotor discs may be placed N-S arrangements. Since there is no silicon steel inside the coils, we should eliminate the magnetic pulling force between the rotors and the stators. When the ventilator rotates, the flux of the permanent magnet rotors part move across the air gap and induces the emf in the coreless coils. After that, the ac voltage is rectified to dc voltage and finally charged to the 12 V 5 Ahr battery for household appliances. To analyze the magnetic circuit, the finite element analysis was used to simulate the magnetic flux density in the AFPM generator. The test is operated in electrical machines laboratory and essentially to determine the characteristics of prototype generator. Based on the experiments, the results of the output voltage can achieve 103 V with no-load, and 20 V on 100 Ω resistive loads at the speed of 200 rpm. For the results after installing the generator on the roof of a building to charge the 12 V battery, the minimum wind speed for enough charging to battery is at 10 rpm. Furthermore, the prototyped of the generator is relatively small and cheap. After the fabrication and testing of the prototype, this system has been proved feasible for practical application.

Application of a DSP-Based Control System in a Course in Synchronous Machines and Excitation Systems

The paper presents educational tools for students of an undergraduate course in synchronous generators and excitation systems. Laboratory exercises are based on the work with a laboratory model which consists of a digital control system and a synchronous generator connected to the power network. The code development is supported by two software tools where the code can be developed in the C or C++ programming language or in a graphical environment. In the Electrical Machines Laboratory, the presented laboratory model allows students to develop the code for excitation control, to learn how a conventional excitation control structure and various types of power system stabilisers function, to carry out experiments with a step change in the active power reference or voltage reference, and to record generator responses. The proposed approach offers students the opportunity to apply the knowledge they have acquired in lectures through practical work in the laboratory.

Improving Strategy of Self-Learning in Engineering: Laboratories with Augmented Reality

This paper introduces an Augmented Reality application for teaching practice of electrical engineering. In order to improve the student«s autonomy and self-ability we have developed new practical AR-manuals for being used in the Electric Machines Laboratory. We have used these AR-manuals and the classical ones observing an improvement in both learning and students« motivation. The augmented information consists in 3D models, animations and sound which are superimposed over real objects helping the students in specific tasks’ training. The user provided with a tablet PC or HMD with webcam will be able to visualize on screen the virtual objects added to the real scene.

Simulation of Ward Leonard test set and induction motor on MATLAB for teaching performance characteristics of induction motor to undergraduate students

AbstractAccurate knowledge of an induction motor performance is very essential to have an idea of its operation conditions. The aim of this article is to present an approach for teaching the concept of electric machines laboratory using specially designed exercises that can be done using MATLAB‐SIMULINK. This article present a MATLAB based technology to simulate Ward Leonard test set to analyze performance characteristics of induction motor. Evaluation of the simulation with more than 40 students is very positive in terms of their developing confidence in and understanding the test and theoretical concepts. By using the simulator, four groups of students are tested via designed question sheets to determine the effectiveness of the method for teaching induction motor performance concept. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 224–233, 2011