Electric Grinder Research Articles

CORN GRINDING MACHINE MANUFACTURING USES ELECTRIC POWER AND HUMAN POWER

The issue with maize is that kernel size is frequently not the same as grain size if you want the grains or seeds to be fine. Building a basic corn-grinding machine with electricity and human power in case of an electrical outage is the community service that was completed. The process begins with the design of a corn grinding machine, is followed by the construction of the machine and testing, specifically grinding performance tests for different capacities of 3 kg, 4 kg, and 5 kg of corn utilizing both electric and manual power. The findings of a 60-minute human-powered corn grinding machine performance test showed that the maximum ground corn grinding was fine, weighing 20 kg of ground corn with a fairly excellent grinding of corn granules/seeds. In the meantime, 30 kg of corn were weighed during the electric corn grinder's performance test in 60 minutes, and the machine's grinding of maize grains and ores was reasonably successful. Keywords: Maize kernels or seeds; corn grinder; machine performance evaluation; labor-intensive Human power; electricity power

Autologous Tooth Granulometry and Specific Surface Area with Three Grinding Methods: An In Vitro Study.

A postextraction socket becomes a clinical challenge due to the fact that a series of changes associated with bone remodelling and resorption of the socket that occur after extraction, which limits the aesthetic and functional prognosis of implant-supported rehabilitations. It has been studied that the use of the autologous tooth-derived graft (ATDG) has regenerative properties and could therefore be useful for solving this type of problem. There is no consensus in the scientific literature on a standardized protocol for the use of the autologous tooth. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the most relevant parameters to achieve the best properties of ground ATDG using three methods, namely Gouge forceps, electric grinder, and manual, that made up the study group (SG) and compared with the control group (CG) consisting of Bio-Oss®. The sample obtained by the electric grinder had the highest value of specific surface area (2.4025 ± 0.0218 m2/g), while the particle size as average diameter (751.9 µm) was the lowest and most homogeneous of the three groups. Therefore, the electric grinder allowed for obtaining ATDG with more regenerative properties due to its specific surface-area value and particle size in accordance with the xenograft with the greatest bibliographical support (Bio-Oss®). The higher specific surface increases the reaction with the physiological media, producing faster biological mechanisms.

Processing black rice grains to obtain flour: Influence of pretreatments on mass transfer, in vitro digestibility, and technological properties

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe objective of this work was to evaluate the processing of black rice grains to obtain flour and to verify the influence of pretreatments on mass transfer, in vitro digestibility, and technological properties. The grains were submitted to heat moisture treatment (HMT) with a final humidity of 30% at 110°C for 2 h, black rice pretreatment with ethanol (BRE) in the proportion 1:1 (wt/wt) for 5 min/25°C, and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) under conditions of 200 MPa for 10 min/25°C. Then, the grains were dried at 60°C at an air velocity of 1.5 m/s and ground in an electric multigrain grinder. Was analyzed the mass transfer, in vitro digestion, water, oil, and milk retention capacity, total phenolic compounds (TPC), total anthocyanins (TA), antioxidant activities by (2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic) acid, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, ferric‐reducing antioxidant power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity Surface appearance by scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry was carried out.FindingsThe grains when submitted to the HHP obtained a reduction of 58.82% in the drying time, while the HMT promoted an increase of 23.5% when compared to the control. The pretreatments influenced the in vitro digestibility, where the HHP had the highest value (86.33), as well as the highest water, oil, and milk retention capacities. BRE positively impacted TPC, TA, and antioxidant activities regardless of the methods used. HMT promoted the formation of cavities, fissures, and holes on the surface, resulting in a rough appearance and presenting greater thermal resistance with an enthalpy of 12.35 J/g.ConclusionsThis research paved the way for potential commercial applications of black rice flour as an ingredient in functional foods.Significance and NoveltyThis study adds to the significance and novelty of research on black rice processing by evaluating the influence of different pretreatments on mass transfer, in vitro digestibility, and technological properties.

A study of characteristics of man-made lightweight aggregate and lightweight concrete made from expanded polystyrene (eps) and cement mortar

Abstract This research investigated the feasibility of using waste-expanded polystyrene (EPS) and mortar to produce lightweight aggregate (LWA). The EPS extracted from the leftover backing waste was crushed into beads using an electric grinder and mixed in three different proportions with two types of mortars (with and without a superplasticizer). Physical property tests such as loose bulk density and water absorption were carried out for the LWA. Also, the compressive strength of the manufactured lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) was determined, and failure modes were discussed. The results indicate that using the EPS is effective for LWA. The loose bulk density is obtained at a range from 588 to 790 kg/m 3 790\hspace{0.33em}{\text{kg/m}}^{3} , which meets the requirements of the American society for testing and materials C330 specification of LWA. For water absorption, the value obtained ranges from 6.45 to 14.05%, slightly higher than the normal aggregate due to the voids in the LWA. When using LWA containing a superplasticizer to produce LWAC, the compressive strength was higher than the concrete with LWA without a superplasticizer. The highest compressive strength for LWAC was 21 MPa.

Evaluation of Anti-asthmatic activity of Achyranthes aspera Linn root Extract

Asthma in chronic condition is very tedious to cure and which is very common disease. The aim of study was to evaluate anti-asthmatic activity root part of. A. aspera. Collection of root part of is done from Rahata District Ahmednagar (Maharashtra). For authentication of of Achyranthes aspera A. aspera Herbarium of plant was made and sent to Biological Survey of India, Pune. The collected material was proceeded for air dry at 35-40º C and then it was pulverized in electric grinder. Extraction of obtained powder was completed in ethanol,Water-ethanol and Petroleum ether by using Soxhlet Apparatus.. The presence of Steroids, flavonides, phenolic compound, glycosides, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and carbohydrates were revealed by phytochemical screening. The extract obtained were of aerial part of screened for anti-asthmatic activity. The Petroleum ether extract of root part was result the right side shift of dose Achyranthes aspera response curve in isolated goat chain and isolated guinea pig so it is indicating antiasthmatic action of drug extract.

Proximate, microbiological analysis and digestibility of pepsin in atta sexdens flour, from the region of Rioja, Perú

The consumption of insects, also known as entomophagy, is not a new eating habit; on the contrary, the insects are eaten in many countries worldwide, where insects are served as the main dish in many of them. In Peru, insect consumption is limited to regions of the central jungle where locals consume ants of the "Atta sexdens" variety in the form of toasted snacks with salt. Analysis of insects has shown a wide variation in macronutrient content relative to most wild vertebrate meats, encompassing a wide range of protein, fat and carbohydrate concentrations. In that sense, in terms of their proportional macronutrient composition, insects could serve as equivalents not only to wild meat, but also to other foods, such as seafood, nuts, legumes, vegetables or fruits. The aim of this study was to assess nutritional quality of "Atta sexdens" ant flour and determine its physical and chemical characteristics. The ants were obtained from the department of San Martín, province and district of Rioja and underwent a rigorous cleaning process to eliminate impurities such as wings, leaves and soil which are attached to the ants. The ants were dried using a Biobase oven, model BOV-T30C, and then ground in an electric grinder and finally passed through a sieve. The final product was measured for physicochemical properties such as pH, % acidity in aqueous extract and % acidity in ethanolic extract, resulting in 6.57, 0.21, and 0.29, respectively. The nutritional composition assessment was based on the AOAC standard method where the fat content of the meal was 35.40%; protein, 35.51%; carbohydrate, 16.12%; ash, 5.39%; and moisture, 7.58%. For the assessment of pepsin digestibility, the AOAC 971.09 test method was used, resulting in 99.77% activity. In regard to techno-functional properties, it was found that swelling capacity (SC) and water absorption capacity (WAC) resulted in 2.91 WAC g water/g m and 1.86 SC ml/g, respectively. On the other hand, the microbiological results were within the permissible limits for health; therefore, we can consider this ant meal a safe and innocuous product as well as an excellent food source with exceptional nutritional characteristics. Key words: Atta sexdens, flour, Entomophagy, Protein, Digestibility, Microbiology, Physicochemical properties, Proximate

Pemberdayaan Ibu-ibu PKK Di Kelurahan Tawang Rejo, Wonogiri dengan Pelatihan Pembuatan nugget dan sosis Tinggi Serat

<p><strong>Empowerment of PKK Group Village in Tawangrejo Wonogiri by Training Making Nugget and Sausage Contains Fiber.</strong> This community service aimed to increase the knowledge of PKK mothers in Tawangrejo village about processing livestock products, especially nuggets and sausages rich in fiber which are healthy and potential to increase the financial income. The service has been carried out in two groups of PKK women, Tawang Rejo sub-district, Jatipurno District, Wonogiri Regency. The service has been held on June 19, 2021. The method used is training and direct practice. The first activity is to provide a questionnaire to measure the level of initial knowledge of respondents about livestock products and how to process them. Next is training on livestock product processing technology and the practice of making livestock products into healthy functional foods because they are rich in fiber and vitamins. The third activity is giving another questionnaire to measure whether the materials and practices presented have succeeded in increasing the knowledge of the respondents. The ingredients used are chicken, broccoli, moringa leaves, corn and peanuts. From this activity, it was found that prior to the activity, knowledge of processing livestock products was only limited to meatballs, partners had never made their own nuggets and sausages. This is because partners do not yet know how to make it. After the extension and practice activities, respondents' knowledge about livestock products and processing methods increased. As much as 79% knowledge of making nuggets increased, while sausage making increased by 100%. As many as 100% of respondents have plans to start a business from processing livestock products, but only 26.4% of respondents will start a business as soon as possible. Partners obtain equipment in the form of an electric meat grinder and a vacuum machine. This service activity is able to increase the knowledge of partners about processing livestock products and open up business opportunities for partners.</p>

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical qualitative analysis of Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A. Mey.

Summary Introduction: Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A. Mey of the Ephedraceae family is an evergreen shrub distributed throughout North Africa and Southwest Asia. It has been a characteristic source of alkaloids like ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and other related mixes, which are of great importance for their biological and pharmacological potential. Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical constituents studies on stem, leaves and flowers extracts of E. foliata. Method: The air-dried plant sample was powdered with an electric grinder, then extracted successively with solvents, namely petroleum ether, petroleum benzene, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous using Soxhlet apparatus for 72 hours. The solid matter was separated by filtration and then solvents were evaporated with a vacuum rotary evaporator to obtain the crude extracts. Freshly prepared crude extracts were subjected to the standard procedures of preliminary phytochemical screening for the investigation of the presence or absence of different phytoconstituents. The result showed the presence of reducing sugars, flavonoids, and cardiac glycosides. Antimicrobial activity of the crude extract was determined by agar well diffusion method. Results: Ethyl acetate extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against all the tested pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, Streptococcus pneumonia, Aspergillus terreus, Cladosporium herbarum and Candida tropicalis). All five extracts inhibited the growth of Y. enterocolitica. Conclusion: The antimicrobial properties of E. foliata extracts are of great interest in light of the ongoing threat of microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Phytoconstituents present in the E. foliata extracts might be a good alternative to modern antimicrobials as a natural compound.

Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets.

Swallowing problems and the required dose adaptations needed to obtain optimal pharmacotherapy may be a hurdle in the use of tablets in daily clinical practice. Tablet splitting, crushing, or grinding is often applied to personalise medication, especially for the elderly and children. In this study, the performance of different types of (commercially available) devices was studied. Included were splitters, screwcap crushers, manual grinders, and electric grinders. Unscored tablets without active ingredient were prepared, with a diameter of 9 and 13 mm and a hardness of 100–220 N. Tablets were split into two parts and the difference in weight was measured. The time needed to pulverise the tablets (crush time) was recorded. The residue remaining in the device (loss) was measured. The powder was sieved to obtain a particle fraction >600 µm and <600 µm. The median particle size and particle size distribution of the later fraction were determined using laser diffraction analysis. Splitting tablets into two equal parts appeared to be difficult with the devices tested. Most screwcap grinders yielded a coarse powder containing larger chunks. Manual and especially electric grinders produced a finer powder, making it suitable for administration via an enteral feeding tube as well as for use in individualised preparations such as capsules. In conclusion, for domestic and incidental use, a screwcap crusher may provide sufficient size reduction, while for the more demanding regular use in hospitals and nursing residences, a manual or electric grinder is preferred.

Dormancy and evaluation of the physical-physiological quality in sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] seeds by image analysis

Abstract: For the germination of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) seeds to occur, it is necessary to overcome dormancy, which makes it difficult to assess their physiological potential. The aim of this research was to define a methodology to overcome the dormancy of sweet potato seeds and use image analysis to determine their physical and physiological quality. Four genotypes of sweet potato seeds were used, namely UFVJM-5, UFVJM-22, UFVJM-38 and UFVJM-65. To overcome dormancy, chemical scarification with 98% H2SO4 for 10 and 20 minutes, hot water at 95 °C for 10 and 20 minutes, and mechanical scarification with electric grinder were tested. To evaluate the physical quality, the seeds were analyzed with X-rays and classified as intact, empty and malformed seeds. Using the GroundEye® system, the characteristics of color dominance, seed geometry and seedling length were quantified. Treatments with mechanical scarification with grinder and 98% sulfuric acid, for an immersion period of 20 minutes, are efficient to break dormancy in sweet potato seeds. There are genetic divergences between sweet potato genotypes, promoting the formation of different groups. The characteristics of color and geometry of the seeds are the ones that most contribute to genetic diversity of genotypes.

Adsorption of Pb2+ from waste water using modified and unmodified plantain pseudo stem waste as adsorbent

This study was carried out to evaluate the potentials of plantain pseudo stem waste as adsorbent in the removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution. Filament obtained from Plantain pseudo stem were dried, cut into chips and ground using electric grinder. The powdered sample obtained was soaked in ethanol for 24 hours and wash with water several times to remove the extractive component. It was then dried in the oven. Modification reaction was carried out on the powdered sample using Fenton reagent (Fe2+/H2O2). Both the modified and unmodified adsorbents were used for the adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solution. Factors considered were effect of contact time and effect of adsorbate (Pb2+) concentrations. The results revealed that in all the adsorption studies, the adsorption capacity of modified adsorbent was higher than that of the unmodified adsorbent. However, adsorption capacities increase with increase in contact time and decreases with increase in the adsorbate concentration.

Evaluation of Effective Microorganisms (EM®) against Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in Tomato

Introduction: Plant-parasitic nematodes cause significant yield losses in a wide range of crops (Nicol et al. 2011). Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are the most important plant-parasitic nematodes, because they widely distributed all around the world and have wide host range (Chapuis-Lardy et al. 2015). Chemical nematicide is one of the primary means of control for plant-parasitic nematodes. Due to negative impact of synthetic nematicides, it will be necessary to develop other management strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes which are safe for the environment and humans (Huang et al., 2016). Latest interest in organic farming lead to substitution for conventional nematicides by low-risk compounds such as natural products derived from plants (Oka et al. 2006). Also, biological control is an interesting option to control these nematodes (Mosahaneh et al. 2020). Effective microorganisms (EM®) consist of a mixture of live cultures of microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria, which they are reported to reduce the incidence of pathogenic microorganisms (Condor et al., 2007). Materials and Methods: In the present study, the aerial parts of the marigold (Tagetes erecta) were collected from Shiraz, Iran. Marigold leaves dried in shade and finely grinded using an electric grinder and a stock solution (10% w/v) was prepared. Seeds of tomato (cv. Early-Urbana) were sown in plastic pots containing 1500 g of a sterilized mixture of farm soil (sandy loam soil) and cow manure. The pots were kept under greenhouse conditions with 16:8 h light to dark photoperiod and 27 ± 4 °C. Four-leaf stage seedlings were soil-drenched (50 ml per plant) with EM® or a mixture of equal amount of EM®+ marigold leaf extract at the rate of 5, 10, 15 and 20% and simultaneously inoculated with a suspension of M. javanica (6000 eggs per pot). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five replications. Sixty days after nematode inoculation, plants were harvested and the vegetative indices including shoots length, shoot fresh and dry weight and root fresh weight and the nematode population indices including the number of eggs as described by Hussey and Barker (1973), number of galls and egg masses per root system as described by Taylor and Sasser (1978) and the number of second stage juveniles (J2s) in the pot were recorded. Finally, the reproduction factor calculated as described by Sasser and Taylor (1978). Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for plant growth parameters and two-way ANOVA for nematode population indices using SAS 9.1 program (Statistical Analysis System Institute Inc., USA). Treatment means were compared using least significance differences (LSD) at p<0.01.Results and Discussion: Results showed that soil drenching of EM® and EM®+ marigold leaf extract increased the plant growth parameters on inoculated and non-inoculated plants as compared to control. The treatment with EM®+ marigold leaf extract at the rate of 20% was the most effective treatment and increased shoot length, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight of non-inoculated plants by 33, 39 and 11% respectively, as compared to non-inoculted control plants. In the case of inoculated plants, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root fresh weight of treated plats with EM®+ marigold leaf extract at the rate of 20% were 34, 31, 15 and 11% higher than inoculated control plants. The number of eggs and egg masses per root system and the reproduction factor were significantly reduced in treated plants with EM®+ marigold leaf extract at the rate of 15 and 20%. EM®+ marigold leaf extract at the rate of 20% reduced the number of eggs, galls, egg masses per root system and the reproduction factor by 28, 40, 37 and 27% respectively, as compared to control. The lowest numbers of eggmasses were observed in the root system of tomato plants treated with EM®+ marigold leaf extract at the rate of 20%. It had significant difference than other treatments, except EM® at the rate of 20%. These data for the first time in Iran, suggest that EM® might have utility in controlling root-knot nematodes. A mixture of EM® and marigold leaf extract was more effective than alone application of EM® for control of M. javanica. Findings from this study, suggest that a mixture of equal amount of EM® and marigold leaf extract at the rate of 20% reduced M. javanica reproduction rates in tomato plants grown in greenhouse.

Effect of Cooking Methods on the Nutritive Value and Lipid Oxidation of Two Cricket Species Consumed In Cameroon

Aims: The present study was performed in order to evaluate the effect cooking on the proximate composition and lipid oxidation of two cricket species (Hieroglyphus daganensis and Paracinema tricolor) commonly consumed in Cameroon.&#x0D; Study Design: Paracinema tricolor and Hieroglyphus daganensis harvesting, cleaning, killing, cooking and drying, evaluation the effect cooking treatment on the nutritive value and lipid oxidation of these crickets species.&#x0D; Place and Duration Study: University of Maroua, Cameroon and University of Yaounde I in Cameroon from November 2018 to July 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: The two types of crickets after harvesting and transporting to the laboratory, were killed by freezing at -20°C for 24 hours. Common cooking methods (pan roasting and pan frying) were used to cook it. The raw, roasted and fried crickets were left at ambient temperature and then one part was transformed into powder using an electric grinder. Before analysis, the powders and the whole samples were stored at 4°C. The ash, lipid, protein, carbohydrates and crude fibber content were determined in powder samples. The oil was extracted from whole samples of raw, roasted and fried insects. Various chemical parameter (acid value, peroxide value, iodine value and thiobarbituric acid) were used to assess crickets’ lipid qualities during the cooking methods.&#x0D; Results: The proximate analysis of raw samples revealed that the ash content of Paracinema tricolor and Hieroglyphus daganensis was 3.17% and 3.49% (% of dry weight) respectively. The lipid content was generally high ranging from 15.80% to 18.10% and the protein content ranged from 41.69% to 48.59%. The raw Paracinema tricolor compared to Hieroglyphus daganensis was found to have the higher contents of lipid, protein and energy. All the cooking methods increased the lipid, protein and ash contents, as well as the calorie values of the two cricket’s species, while the moisture content was reduced. The free fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values of the two crickets’ oil were significantly increased after roasting and frying processing. Iodine value decreased.&#x0D; Conclusion: From these results, it can be concluded that soaking combined with frying method appeared to be the best cooking method in the two species of crickets in terms of caloric content and lipid oxidative stability.

Influence of Addition of Different Levels of Amaranth Grain Flour on Chapatti

Amaranth grains were used in the present investigation. Amaranth grains were washed grains were spread over filter paper sheet and dried completely. After drying, the grains were ground in an electric grinder to fine powder and supplemented at 20, 40, percent and 60 per cent level in the preparation of chapatti. The chapatti prepared by using wheat flour served as control. The organoleptic evaluations showed that all chapatti prepared incorporating amaranth flour were acceptable. The nutritional analysis revealed that the protein content of control chapatti was 12.42 per cent which increased significantly up to 18.23 per cent with incorporation of amaranth grain flour. The crude fibre and ash content in chapatti incorporated with amaranth flour had increased significantly as compared to control chapatti. Total dietary fibre content ranged from 11.13 to 22.06 per cent in supplemented chapatti whereas control chapatti contained 4.80 per cent total dietary fibre. The results of the study indicated that calcium content ranged from 112.44 to 222.70 mg/100 g in supplemented chapatti, whereas control chapatti had 55.59 mg/100 g calcium. The addition of the amaranth flour to chapatti improved iron, zinc and potassium content significantly.

INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF SCLUPTOR IN KAPAL VILLAGE, BADUNG, BALI

To increase the productivity, modern hand tools such as electrical grinder, electrical drill and band saw have been used by the scluptor in Kapal village. Due to ignorance, in using them not all precaution were taken into consideration. Also squatting and bending positions produced many complaints. Therefore, an ergonomics intervention has been conducted. Using multistage random sampling technique, 20 subjects were sampled from the scluptors. Blood pressure, and heart rate were measured, and subjective feelings were recorded using Nordic Body Map, before and after working for a week. The results showed that after working; 1.2% increased in systolic blood pressure; 4.7% increased HR per minute; and 20.7% subjective complaints (p&lt;0.05). To overcome the problems ergonomics intervention have been conducted which consist of three types as follows: 1) advising to have rest pause 3-5 minutes in every one hour working; 2) the workplace for electrical grinder must be separated from another workplaces, and the operator of electrical grinder machine should have a rest after 30 minutes, in case the electrical grinder could not be separated all workers there should use cotton car plugs. 3) the physical fitness of scluptors should be improved by doing exercise program 3-5 times per week. After two weeks of awareness program, responses found as follows: 87% of workers engaged in having short rest pauses 90% of workers engaged in using ear plugs and 77% were engaged fitness program. The preliminary results showed there are a decreased in systolic blood pressure 0.46%, (p&gt;0.05). HR 4.96% (p&lt;0.05), subjective complaints 18.39% (p&lt;0.05), and associated by an increased of productivity at about 17.55% (p&lt;0.05).

Novel Biomass Derived from Grape Pomace Waste as an Efficient Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Dibenzoxanthene, Tetraketone, bis(indolyl)alkane and Chromene Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Evaluation.

Sulfonated carbon-based solid acids (CBSAs) have been reported as an efficient solid acid catalyst for many acid-catalyzed reactions. Furthermore, the use of carbon obtained from biomass waste has been explored and these materials showed a higher catalytic performance and higher stability compared to other solid acids. Novel biomass carbon-based solid acids nanoparticles with high catalytic activity in organic transformation, such as Grape pomace waste-SO3H Nanoparticles (GPW-SO3H NPs), were successfully synthesized. Grape pomace waste-SO3H Nanoparticles (GPW-SO3H NPs) were successfully synthesized. The grape pomace waste was dried in an oven at a temperature of 70°C and crushed to powder using an electric spice grinder. A mixture of powdered grape pomace waste (1 g) and concentrated sulfuric acid (>98%, 10 mL) was stirred at room temperature. Then, the resultant mixture was transferred into a 100 mL sealed Teflon-lined autoclave and kept at 180°C for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the resulting black solid was dried at 100°C in an oven under vacuum and the sulfonic acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@C-SO3H) were obtained. The catalytic activity of GPW-SO3H was assessed through an easy and rapid protocol developed for the one-pot synthesis of 14-aryl-14-H-dibenzo [a,j]xanthene, arylmethylene [bis(3- hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-1-one)], bis(indolyl)alkane and 2-amino-4-aryl-7-hydroxy-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives in excellent yields. The advantages of this method include use of waste material for catalyst synthesis, high yields, mild reaction conditions, uncomplicated work-up procedures, neutral conditions, and recoverable catalyst. We have shown that biomass-derived solid acids, prepared from grape pomace waste, serve as a non-toxic, inexpensive and a promising eco-friendly and novel carbon-based solid acid nanocatalyst for organic transformations.

A simple and efficient route to 2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and zolimidine using automated grindstone chemistry

AbstractA green and efficient mechanochemical method for the synthesis of a series of 2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines was developed using an electrical grinder. I2 catalyzed mechanochemical grinding facilitates the cyclocondensation reaction between various aryl methyl ketones and 2‐aminopyridines to afford 2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines in good yields at ambient temperature. The method was successfully used for the gram‐scale synthesis of a marketed drug, zolimidine. The noticeable advantages of this environmentally sustainable protocol include mild conditions, simple instrumentation, inexpensive catalyst, atom economy, short reaction time etc.

Formulation of Herbal Tablet with the help of Tulsi and Turmeric Extract which Showing Antimicrobial Activity

This article reports the formulation and quality evaluations of tulsi tablets prepared for better applicability. Tulsi and turmeric extract combination herbal tablets were formulated by a combination of wet granulation and direct compression. Micrometric properties of the powder blend of herbal excipient was carried out prior to tablets compression followed by post compressional evaluation excipient mixed powder blend exhibited excellent flow properties. The formulations were stable enough as evident from the results of stability studies. The tablets prepared were satisfactory in terms of quality aspects and aided in better applicability of tulsi and turmeric extract. The aim is to formulation and to evaluation of the antimicrobial antifungal, antiulcarative effects showing of leaf and rhizomes extracts of O. sanctum against pathogenic bacteria to determine their potentials as antibacterial agent. Ocimum sanctum Linn and curcuma longa having family Lamiaceae and zingibariaceae simultaneously The family Lamiaceae is one of the most exploited medicinal plant family worldwide not only as a source of medicinal plants but also with its valuable essential oils being used as spices and flavours for various food products. Leaves have petioles, and are ovate, up to 5 cm long, usually slightly toothed. Leaves were separated from the stem, washed in clear water and dried until they were adequately dry to be ground (dried for 7 days). Dried leaves were powdered separately in an electric grinder until a homogenous powder was obtained and Ethanolic, Hexane, Chloroform extract was prepared from the powder. The extraction is done by using “cold extraction method. The activity of Tulsi extract against K. pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus was found to be higher at a concentration of 100% followed by 75% and 50% respectively. The maximum zone of inhibition was found to be 18and15mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial efficacy of Ocimum sanctum leaves indicates that the plant possesses potent antimicrobial properties as well as Ocimum is widespread in India, it can be recommended as an easily available and renewal source of antimicrobial agent and wound healing agent instead of synthetic chemicals.

Assessment of Hands on Skills in Operating Electrical Mixer Grinder in Rural and Remotes Villages

Rural consumer behavior refers to ultimate consumer buying behaviour. Individuals who buy products and services for personal or household use or consumption rather than for business purposes. The term rural consumer is defined as “the behavior that the rural consumers display in searching for purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their needs”.

Acoustic fault analysis of three commutator motors

Abstract Electrical motors are used in industry and in home appliances. They are important for people. Electrical motors convert electric energy into mechanical work. They generate acoustic signals. In this research the author uses signal processing methods and acoustic signals of two commutator motors of electric coffee grinders and one motor of an electric impact drill. A technique of fault detection of mechanical faults of three commutator motors is presented. Following acoustic signals of the first electric coffee grinder are measured and analysed: healthy, with one missing screw, with a rear faulty sliding bearing and faulty shaft, with a burned out motor (motor off). Following acoustic signals of the second electric coffee grinder are measured and analysed: healthy, with a slightly damaged rear sliding bearing, with a moderately damaged rear sliding bearing, motor off. Following acoustic signals are measured for the electric impact drill: healthy, slightly damaged front bearing, moderately damaged front bearing, motor off. An analysis of acoustic signal was carried out using the developed MSAF-RATIO-24-MULTIEXPANDED-FILTER-8 (Method of Selection of Amplitudes of Frequency Ratio of 24% Multiexpanded Filter 8 Hz) and k-means clustering. The obtained results are very good. A total efficiency of recognition is in the range of 95–96%.