Field Of Electrical Engineering Research Articles

Molecular dynamics simulation study to investigate electrical properties of plumbene

ABSTRACT Plumbene, the new 2D structure of lead, single-layered with a hexagonal arrangement of atoms draws the attention of researchers around the globe. We have designed a plumbene sheet using multi-scale modelling i.e. nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation methods to determine the electrical properties of plumbene. The effects of varying sample sizes and temperatures on the electrical properties of plumbene using NEMD are studied here. It is observed from 298 K to 318 K electrical conductivity of plumbene ranges from 2.7792 × 10−14 S/m to 1.2012 × 10−13 S/m, with a dwindling nature. Almost static electrical resistivity from 298 K to 378 K is noticed, afterwards a sudden sharp increase till 398 K. The Lorenz number of plumbene from 298 K to 318 K shows reverse results with its electrical conductivity under similar experimental conditions. The electrical conductivity of plumbene sheets at 298 K with 600Å to 1050Å ranges from 0.17794 × 10−14 S/m to 4.7696 × 10−14 S/m. Only at 750Å sample size is a sharp jump is noticed. A reverse trajectory is observed for both electrical resistivity and Lorenz number of plumbene sheet samples. In these two cases, the sharp jump is observed at 1000Å. Our results will be helpful for the effective utilisation of plumbene in targeted applications of electrical engineering fields.

Sustainability-driven electrical engineering optimizing energy efficiency through ai and developing eco-friendly electronics

This paper explores the transformative potential of AI-driven solutions in optimizing energy efficiency and the development of eco-friendly materials for electronics. As global energy consumption and electronic waste continue to rise, innovative technologies are essential to mitigate their environmental impact. AI models have shown significant promise in enhancing the performance of smart grids and residential and industrial energy systems by predicting and adjusting energy usage in real time. Additionally, the research and development of sustainable materials for semiconductors and electronic components offer an important pathway to reducing the environmental footprint of electronics manufacturing. By aligning these advancements with national sustainability and climate goals, this paper highlights the critical role of AI and sustainable materials in creating a more energy-efficient and environmentally responsible future. The paper concludes by suggesting areas for future research, emphasizing the long-term impact of these technologies on the electrical engineering field and their contribution to sustainability.

Deep Learning and Human-machine Integration in Smart Prosthetic Control: Process and Perspectives

With the rapid development of science and technology and the maturity of deep learning technology, intelligent prosthetic limb control has made significant progress in human-machine integration. While traditional prosthetic technology has seen improvements in form and function, it still faces challenges in user experience and physiological adaptability. Deep learning, with its powerful pattern recognition and decision-making capabilities, offers new possibilities to address these issues. This paper reviews the current status and future development of the application of deep learning in intelligent prosthetic limb control, emphasizing its close relationship with the concept of human-machine integration. Intelligent prosthetic control involves not only mechanical engineering and bioengineering, but also interdisciplinary integration of the fields of neural engineering, electrical engineering, motion control and computer science. This paper reviews the limitations in traditional prosthetic technology, such as accuracy and user adaptability, introduces the successful cases and latest research results of deep learning in the medical field, and explores the potential of deep reinforcement learning in optimizing complex movements and adapting to different environments. Finally, the future direction of deep learning technology in smart prosthetic limb control is envisioned, and research challenges and recommendations are presented in the hope of providing theoretical support for the innovative development of smart prosthetic limb technology and improving the quality of life of people with disabilities.

Optimal power management of a stand-alone hybrid energy management system: Hydro-photovoltaic-fuel cell

The field of electrical engineering with renewable energy systems has witnessed a remarkable improvement due to an increase in the world's growing population as available resources become limited. This study proposes an optimal and efficient hybrid energy management system that combines photovoltaic, hydro, and fuel cell renewable energy resources that can solve the drawbacks of current energy setups and offer a dependable power source for stand-alone purposes. This novel AC-linked hybrid energy system features a comprehensive power management strategy with actual weather data and a realistic load demand profile. The HOMER Pro technique is employed for calculating the emission of toxic gases, system economic benefits, sensitivity analysis and cost minimization of the system while providing sustainability. The numerical outcomes show optimal results as compared to the existing systems in the literature. The system consists of 55 kW of PV modules, a 30 kW FC generator, and 40 kW of hydropower, suggesting optimal and excellent economic and environmental sustainability. This system appeared to be an especially cost-effective solution, with a net present cost (NPC) of $248,773 and a cost of energy (COE) of $0.0546/kWh. The results show that the system can meet energy needs while utilising the available resources efficiently in different weather conditions. The proposed system has the potential to increase the sustainability and dependability of power generation in a variety of applications and aid in the design and implementation of alternative energy systems, particularly in off-grid or remote areas. The proposed system can be extended to other such locations that will provide a scalable and flexible solution for electricity generation, making it suitable for a variety of applications, from small rural power plants to large industrial power supplies. Overall, the proposed study provides an important resource for development in hybrid energy system design and operation, with far-reaching implications for the transition to a sustainable and low-carbon future.

Research on Practice Teaching Mode of Electrical Engineering based on Innovative Talent Cultivation

With the rapid development of science and technology, the electrical engineering field has an increasingly urgent need for high-quality talents with innovative spirit. In order to comply with this trend, it is particularly important to build a practical teaching mode of electrical engineering with innovative talent cultivation as the core. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the strategies of improving the innovation ability and practical ability of electrical engineering students by clarifying the teaching objectives, strengthening the combination of theory and practice, innovating the teaching mode, constructing advanced experimental and practical training platforms, deepening the cooperation between schools and enterprises, perfecting the ability assessment and feedback mechanism, constructing a diversified cultivation system, and establishing an effective incentive mechanism.

Street Lighting in Brazilian Cities: From Comfort to Safety at Nighttime

Objective: The objective of this work is to carry out a qualitative literature review, with the aim of exploring the multidisciplinary nature of the topic discussed here. Bibliographic exploration was consulted in order to establish a historical narrative regarding the impact of the emergence of public lighting in Brazilian cities. It is also the intention to raise the discussion regarding the multifactors that public lighting can address in improving the lives of those who enjoy the city at night. This context, which presents itself as a fruit of human development, raises the need for work, since progress should not negatively affect the reality, health and sociability of the human species. As a secondary objective, the proposal arises to raise the collective notion of the importance of establishing administrative and technical efforts, so that Brazilian cities remain sufficiently illuminated during the night, since the technological development of lighting resources is constantly updated. Such understanding is fundamental to enhancing the role of urban settlements in the lives of the citizens who live there and have, at night, the possibility of leisure, work and sociability. As a consequence, an improvement in the safety, health and well-being of the population can be achieved. Theoretical Framework: The primary database used in the development of this study was the analysis of historical and technical data on the implementation of the public lighting system in Brazil, as well as its benefits, obtained from the bibliography of authors capable of discussing the subject. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises the process of integrative bibliographic review, with the objective of fostering the multidisciplinary nature of the topic regarding public lighting in Brazilian cities. Data collection was carried out through the exploration of digital academic databases. Results and Discussion: The results obtained reinforced the crucial role of public lighting for the well-being of the population. Furthermore, they revealed that the central subject explored in the research demands a broad and integrated study, given the complexity of its nature. Public lighting in Brazilian cities needs to be analyzed from the perspective of various fields of knowledge. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights on how the results can be applied or influence practices in the fields of electrical engineering, urban planning, statistics, architecture, public administration, and the joint work between these fields. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by presenting an innovative, theoretical and integrative essay on the topic of public lighting in Brazilian cities. The work also acts as a promoter for future studies that seek to unite in a complex way the multifactors treated, and, possibly, factors external to the topic.

Preface

On behalf of the organizing committee, we are very pleased to introduce the proceedings of 2024 The 17th International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering (ICCEE 2024), which was held in Shenzhen, China (virtual) on June 28-30, 2024. Because more than two-thirds of the authors chose to attend the conference online, we had to switch to totally virtual conference to ensure the effectiveness of the conference. It is with great pleasure and anticipation that we convene once again to explore the latest advancements, challenges, and opportunities in the dynamic fields of Computer and Electrical Engineering. In today’s interconnected world, computer and electrical engineering play critical roles in shaping the technological landscape. ICCEE 2024 serves as a platform for fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, knowledge sharing, and networking among researchers, practitioners, and industry leaders. ICCEE 2024 lasted 3 days. There are online test sessions on ZOOM on the first day, and then followed with a wonderful array of 2 keynote speeches and 2 invited speeches, along with 4 technical sessions during June 29-30. The authors presentations cover topics on Power System Control Model and Simulation Analysis, Electrical Fault Detection and Maintenance Strategy, Digital Communication and Information Systems, Intelligent Electronic Systems and Status Monitoring, with 15 minutes for each presentation, including 2 minutes for the Q&A. Additionally, there are around 100 delegates attending online conference. Delegates had a wide range of sessions to choose from and had enough time in deciding which sessions to attend. List of Committee and Statement of Peer Review are available in this Pdf.

4 DEGREE OF FREEDOM ARM ROBOTICS TRAINING FOR STATE VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 1 DEPOK

This activity provides knowledge about the basics and latest applications in the field of Robotics, especially industrial robots and teaches students to be able to assemble robots. 4 Degree of Freedom Arm Robot is a set of mechanical and electronic tools (mechatronics) that can carry out physical tasks, with 4 degrees of freedom of arm movement robots, namely 1 forward-backward, 2 left-right, 3 up-down. Then there are also three movements at the wrist, namely 4 yaw, 5 pitch and 6 roll. The robot arms have functions to move objects with control using a joystick. With the hope that it can make human work easier in moving objects. To be able to provide students with an understanding of robotics, qualified teachers are needed who have mastered the field of electrical engineering, especially robotics. From the comparison of test results before and after participating in activities by students, a significant increase in knowledge was obtained. Apart from that, students also succeeded in assembling a robot using the materials and components provided.

Interdisciplinary Education in Electrical and Electronic Engineering: Trends and Opportunities

Interdisciplinary education in the field of electrical and electronic engineering is gaining significant attention in the context of today's technological advancements. This paper, from the perspective of higher education institutions, explores the trends and opportunities of interdisciplinary education. By analyzing the current developments in the field of electrical and electronic engineering, we find that interdisciplinary education is not just a trend but an inevitable necessity. The paper delves into the opportunities brought about by interdisciplinary education, including fostering innovation, expanding disciplinary boundaries, and nurturing comprehensive abilities. Finally, recommendations for promoting interdisciplinary education in the field of electrical and electronic engineering are presented.

Hygrothermal Degradation of Epoxy Electrical Insulating Material-Testing and Mathematical Modeling.

The degradation of electrical insulating materials has been a subject of interest for decades as they are commonly applied in many fields of electrical engineering. Suitably modeling such a process is important since the known and well-described degradation process reveals the effect of ambient conditions, and this allows us to possibly estimate a material's remaining useful life. However, not many studies are dealing with the effect of the hygrothermal degradation of impregnating mono-component epoxy resins in the context of electrical engineering. Therefore, this study deals with this issue and discusses both the dielectric response (based on the measurement of relative permittivity, dissipation factor, and dielectric strength) and the mechanical response (based on measurements of tensile strength and Shore D hardness) to a hygrothermal degradation experiment. In addition, the results of thermal analyses are presented for the evaluation of the pristine specimen manufacturing process and possible post-curing processes. Furthermore, this study presents several methodologies for modeling the degradation process, including a novel methodology in this area based on Bayesian experimental design. As an outcome, mechanical parameters are proven to be specific in terms of the actual condition of the material and the Bayesian enhanced degradation model seems to be superior to the conventional evaluation methods in this particular study.

High-precision measuring device of volt-ampere characteristics

Formulation of the problem. In this paper, the application of the Hall sensor in measuring technology is considered. The hall sensor is used as a measuring element of the volt-ampere characteristics of electrical circuits based on the principle of measuring the electromagnetic field in the area of the conductive pattern on the board in the range of 0 to 30 volts and 0 and 30 amperes. The application of this measurement method allows measuring with an accuracy of up to one thousandth of the measured value, which allows metrological work to be carried out for verification of various types of equipment. The article will be useful for specialists in the field of electronics, electrical engineering and other related fields who are interested in new methods of measuring and controlling the parameters of electrical circuits. Target. The study and analysis of methods of metrological measurements of volt-ampere characteristics using a Hall sensor, their practical application in various fields of science and technology. The proposal of a promising application of the Hall sensor in metrological measuring technology. Results. Three measuring instruments were compared: a developed device based on a Hall sensor, a household multimeter and a Rigol DM3058E, which was taken as a reference. During the experiment, it was concluded that the developed device has a low error. Practical significance. The results of the work can be useful in the further design of metrological devices. This research was funded by Russian Science Foundation, No. 19-79-109, https://rscf.ru/project/19-79-10109 /.

Load Flow Analysis of 10-Bus Test System

The importance of power flow analysis can’t be overstated. In the field of electrical power engineering, it is critical for both the utility and the consumer to understand a variety of electrical variables such as voltages and power flows inside power systems. This paper effectively applies Power World Simulator software to perform load flow analysis on a typical power system. The results may be applied to a much more complicated system with many loads and a range of power supply sources.

Preface

Abstract In order to bring in the latest progress in theory, technology and application in the fields of electrical engineering and information technology at home and abroad in recent years, and show the latest research achievements, 2024 3rd International Conference on Electrical, Control and Information Technology (ECITech 2024) was held from January 19th to 21st, 2024 in Xiamen, China via virtual form. It was attended by about 120 participants from different countries and regions. At this conference we had a comprehensive overview of this fascinating field and of future scenarios thanks to the participation of distinguished delegates around the globe, including Prof. Hamid Reza Karimi (Politecnico di Milano, Italy), Prof. Mouquan Shen (Nanjing Tech University, China), Assoc. Prof. Jamaludin Jalani (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia), and Assoc. Prof. Wenfeng Hu (Central South University, China). The experts performed wonderful keynote speeches, and the participants raised questions based on the speeches and interacted with the speakers and people around, leading to a heated discussion on the latest research findings and trends in related fields. As one of the important outcomes of ECITech 2024, this proceedings contains excellent academic contributions from all over the world, demonstrating the latest research results and innovative ideas in this field. These papers not only cover theoretical explorations of electrical, control and information technology, but also numerous practical application cases, which provide us with valuable experiences and insights. In this collection of papers, the authors, with profound academic background and keen insight, have discussed the hot issues in the field of electrical, control and information technology in depth. They have systematically analyzed and elaborated on the latest advances in electrical engineering, innovative applications of control theory, and the integration and development of information technology from different perspectives and at different levels. These papers not only enrich our understanding of the field, but also provide new ideas and directions for future research. We would like to thank all the experts, scholars and authors who participated in this conference for their hard work and excellent contributions, which made this conference a complete success and the publication of the proceedings. At the same time, we would also like to thank all the guests and attendees, whose enthusiastic participation and active support have made this conference a real academic feast. Finally, we sincerely hope that this proceedings will bring inspiration and harvest to the readers, and we also look forward to exploring more mysteries and possibilities in the field of electrical, control and information technology with you in the future academic exchanges and cooperation. The Committee of ECITech 2024 List of Committee Member is available in this Pdf.

The evaluation of the long-term drift of electrical capacitance measurement standards by two methods

Measurements of electrical capacitance are essential in various fields of electrical engineering, electronics and other fields. Capacitance measurements are necessary for correct design of electrical circuits and devices. Such measurements help ensure the stability and reliability of electrical systems such as power supplies, filters, capacitors, etc. In some applications, such as radio transmitters, filters, and other electronic devices, it is needed to maintain certain frequency characteristics. It is critical and appropriate to consider various factors related to the drift of the measuring instrument or measurement standard when performing measurements to ensure the required accuracy and reliability of the measurements. The study of the time drift of the measurement standard is mandatory when carrying out comparisons of national measurement standards. The types of the drift and main methods of its evaluation for measuring instruments and measurement standards between their calibrations were analysed. A conventional method of the long-term drift analysis involves the use of regression models followed by their detailed analysis. Such models are specific mathematical functions that describe theoretical values that best represent the underlying bias in the time series for the long-term drift. Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) charts reduces the lag inherent in conventional moving averages by giving more weight to recent observations. The results of the evaluation of the long-term drift of measurement standards of electrical capacitance for high-precision calibration of measurement standards by polynomial regression diagrams and EWMA charts are given. Polynomials of the 2nd degree were sufficient to approximate the drift of electrical capacitance measurement standards under consideration. The application of EWMA charts showed greater sensitivity to drift changes over the past few years of observations compared to the regression analysis. Consistent results were obtained.

A Novel Techno-Economical Control of UPFC against Cyber-Physical Attacks Considering Power System Interarea Oscillations

In the field of electrical engineering, there is an increasing concern among managers and operators about the secure and cost-efficient operation of smart power systems in response to disturbances caused by physical cyber attacks and natural disasters. This paper introduces an innovative framework for the hybrid, coordinated control of Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFCs) and Power System Stabilizers (PSSs) within a power system. The primary objective of this framework is to enhance the system’s security metrics, including stability and resilience, while also considering the operational costs associated with defending against cyber-physical attacks. The main novelty of this paper lies in the introduction of a real-time online framework that optimally coordinates a power system stabilizer, power oscillation damper, and unified power flow controller to enhance the power system’s resilience against transient disturbances caused by cyber-physical attacks. The proposed approach considers technical performance indicators of power systems, such as voltage fluctuations and losses, in addition to economic objectives, when determining the optimal dynamic coordination of UPFCs and PSSs—aspects that have been neglected in previous modern research. To address the optimization problem, a novel multi-objective search algorithm inspired by Harris hawks, known as the Multi-Objective Harris Hawks (MOHH) algorithm, was developed. This algorithm is crucial in identifying the optimal controller coefficient settings. The proposed methodology was tested using standard IEEE9-bus and IEEE39-bus test systems. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of this approach in achieving optimal system recovery, both technically and economically, in the face of cyber-physical attacks.

Introducing Green, Eco-Friendly Practices and Circular Economy Principles in Vocational Education Through a Novel Analysis-Synthesis Method: Design, Implementation and Evaluation

Purpose: A novel, Project- and Collaborative Learning-based educational method is proposed, implemented and evaluated in this paper. The aim is to exploit hands-on laboratory modules in Vocational Education in order to experientially introduce students to green, eco-friendly practices and the principles of sustainability and circular economy. Besides their apparent individual and social benefits, such knowledge and skills are also expected to raise qualifications and employability of Vocational Education graduates. Methods: The proposed method is tested through a quasi-experimental methodology, via an educational intervention with a class of Vocational Lyceum students, in the field of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. The learning content focuses on the reclaiming and reuse of operational components from damaged electrical/electronic equipment at end-of-life stage. Through repeated Analysis and Synthesis phases, students learn to extract, measure, classify and reuse operational components either to repair similar equipment or to design and construct novel devices. Results: Evaluation is carried out via closed and open type activities as well as by observation sheets of the teacher. Learning outcomes are evaluated through knowledge post-tests of the closed type while social/emotional outcomes are evaluated through questionnaires. Evaluation results indicate that the proposed method does produce cognitive and social/emotional skills gains for the students. The development of metacognitive skills and the stimulation of imagination and innovative thinking in the students is also observed by the teacher, but not formally evaluated due to practical constraints. Conclusions: The proposed method is implemented and pilot-tested with positive results both as to the cognitive and as to the social/emotional domain – yet, these results are of an indicative value, due to the limited scale of the educational intervention. Future research is necessary in order to evaluate the proposed method in extent and possibly compare results across education grades or engineering fields, as the method is generic enough to be easily adaptable for different ages/grades and engineering/technical fields of study.

Electrical and Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Metal Hybrid Nanocomposites - A Short Review

Polymer-metal hybrid nanocomposites have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their exceptional electrical and dielectric properties, which find applications in a wide range of industries, including electronics, energy storage, and advanced materials. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in the field of polymer-metal hybrid nanocomposites, with a particular focus on their electrical and dielectric properties. The first section of the review delves into the synthesis and fabrication techniques employed to create these nanocomposites, highlighting the importance of controlling the dispersion and distribution of metal nanoparticles within the polymer matrix. Various approaches, such as in-situ polymerization, melt mixing, and electrospinning, are discussed in detail, along with their respective advantages and limitations.The subsequent sections explore the influence of metal nanoparticles on the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of the nanocomposites. The role of factors such as nanoparticle size, shape, and concentration in determining these properties is thoroughly examined. Moreover, the impact of metal surface modifications and the choice of polymer matrix on enhancing electrical and dielectric performance are also addressed. In addition to discussing fundamental aspects, this review highlights practical applications of polymer-metal hybrid nanocomposites in the development of high-performance capacitors, sensors, electromagnetic shielding materials, and flexible electronics. The potential for these materials to revolutionize various technological sectors is discussed, emphasizing their role in advancing miniaturization, energy efficiency, and durability. Furthermore, the review outlines current challenges and future prospects in the field, including the need for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing electrical and dielectric behavior in these nanocomposites. Emerging trends such as the incorporation of 2D materials and the development of multifunctional hybrid systems are also explored, hinting at exciting avenues for further research and innovation. In conclusion, polymer-metal hybrid nanocomposites offer a promising platform for tailoring electrical and dielectric properties to meet the demands of modern technology. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and scientists seeking to explore the potential of these materials and drive advancements in the field of electrical and dielectric engineering.

Fire safety of building integrated photovoltaic systems—State of the art

The main long-term goal of international communities is to achieve sustainable development. This issue is currently highly topical in most European Union (EU) countries due to the ongoing energy crisis. Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), which can be integrated into the building surface (roof or facade), thereby replacing conventional building materials, contributes significantly to achieving zero net energy buildings. However, fire safety is important when using BIPV as a structural system in buildings, and it is essential that the application of BIPV as building facades and roofs does not adversely affect the safety of the buildings, their occupants, or the responding firefighters. As multifunctional products, BIPV modules must meet fire safety requirements in the field of electrical engineering as well as in the construction industry. In terms of building regulations, the fire safety requirements of the BIPV must comply with national building regulations. Within this article, aspects and fire hazards associated with BIPV system installations will be defined, including proposals for installation and material requirements that can help meet fire safety.

The Role of Risk Factors in System Performance: A Comprehensive Study with Adaptive Progressive Type-II Censoring

The quality performance of many vital systems depends on how long the units are performing; hence, research works started focusing on increasing the reliability of systems while taking into consideration that many factors may cause the failures of operating systems. In this study, the combination of a parametric generalized linear failure rate distribution model and an adaptive progressive Type-II censoring scheme for practical purposes is explored. A comprehensive investigation is performed on the risk factors that cause failure and determines which of the factors has a more harmful effect on the units. A lifetime experiment is performed under the condition of an adaptive progressive Type-II censoring scheme to obtain observations as a result of the competing factors of failures. The obtained observations are assumed to follow a three-parameter generalized linear failure rate distribution and are assumed to be competing to cause failure. Two statistical inference methods are employed for estimating this model’s parameters: the frequentist maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian approach. Our model’s validity is demonstrated through extensive simulations and real data applications in the medical and electrical engineering fields.

Guest Editorial: Identification, stability analysis, control, and situation awareness of power systems with high penetrations of renewable energy resources

AbstractIt is with great pleasure that the authors introduce this special issue, commemorating the 8th Asia Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering held in Tianjin in 2023. This conference served as a nexus for researchers, practitioners, and industry experts from around the globe to convene and exchange cutting‐edge insights, innovative ideas, and transformative advancements in the field of power and electrical engineering. The contributions featured in this special issue represent a diverse array of research endeavours, spanning from fundamental theories to practical applications, all aimed at addressing the myriad challenges and opportunities facing the power and electrical engineering domain. From novel methodologies in renewable energy integration to advancements in smart grid technologies, each article encapsulates the spirit of innovation and collaboration that characterised the conference. This special issue includes scientific investigations on topology modelling and virtual stability analysis methods for distribution networks with high penetration of renewable energy resources, monitoring and situation awareness on grid inertia and power‐frequency evolution, novel voltage source converter control schemes, and reviews of low‐carbon planning and operation of electricity, hydrogen fuel, and transportation networks.