Electrical Conductivity Properties Research Articles

Biphasic GaIn Alloy Constructed Stable Percolation Network in Polymer Composites over Ultrabroad Temperature Region.

Flexible and adaptable polymer composites with high-performance reliability over wide temperature range are imperative for various applications. However, the distinct filler-matrix thermomechanical behaviors often cause severe structure damage and performance degradation upon large thermal shock. To address this issue, a general strategy is proposed to construct leakage-free, self-adaptive, stable percolation networks in polymer composites over wide temperature (77-473 K) with biphasic Ga35In65 alloy. The in situ micro-CT technology, for the first time, reveals the conformable phase transitions of Ga35In65 alloys in the polymer matrix that help repair the disruptive conductive networks over large temperature variations. The cryo-expanded Ga compensates the disruptive carbon networks at low temperatures, and flowable Ga and melted In at high temperatures conformably fill and repair the deboned interfaces and yielded crevices. As a proof-of-concept, this temperature-resistant composite demonstrates superb electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding properties and stability even after a large temperature shock (ΔT = 396 K). Furthermore, the superiority of the construction of temperature self-adaptive networks within the composite enables them for additive manufacturing of application-oriented components. This work offers helpful inspiration for developing high-performance polymer composites for extreme-temperature applications.

Cu- and Ce-doped MnCo2O4 spinel coatings on ferrite interconnects by electrophoretic deposition

MnCo2O4 spinel coating is considered as one of the most promising protective coatings on the surface of ferritic stainless steel interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). And the doping of metallic elements and active rare earth elements may further improve the electrical conductivity and antioxidant properties of spinel coatings. In this work we firstly prepare the Cu-doped and Ce-doped MnCo2O4 spinel coatings (abbreviated as MCCu, MCCe) on the surface of SUS430 substrate by Sol-Gel and electrophoretic deposition methods. The optimal doped ratio of Cu and Ce based on the results of oxidized mass gain and area-specific resistance (ASR) tests are determined respectively. Then we deposit Cu-Ce co-doped MnCo2O4 spinel coatings (abbreviated as MCCuCe) accordingly. The successful deposition of the target modified spinel coating on the substrate surface is confirmed using SEM-EDS, XRD, XPS characterization. The performance test results of the MCCuCe coating on the SUS430 surface show that the mass gain after 500 h oxidation at 800 °C in air is 1.3564 × 10−3 mg cm−2, and the ASR at 800 °C after 500 h oxidation is 9.80mΩ cm2, which is much lower than those of the bare SUS430 substrate and the substrate with deposited MnCo2O4 spinel coating. And the MCCuCe protective coating plays a better role in preventing the diffusion of Cr from the substrate. Further analysis prove that the doping Cu mainly contributes to the electrical conductivity and adhesion to the substrate while the doping Ce mainly improve the anti-oxidation and Cr diffusion resistance. This work determines the optimal doped ratio of Cu and Ce and provides a simple way to prepare the Cu-Ce co-doped MnCo2O4 spinel coatings on the ferritic interconnects, which effectively improve comprehensive performances of MnCo2O4 spinel coatings and helps to accelerate the industrial application of SUS430 ferrite in the SOFCs.

Epoxy composites with satisfactory thermal conductivity and electromagnetic shielding yet electrical insulation enabled by Al2O3 platelet-isolated MXene porous microsphere networks

The development of highly integrated electronic devices has placed higher demands on the thermal conductivity, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and electrical insulation properties of electronic packaging materials. In this work, a facile strategy for the fabrication of epoxy composites with Al2O3 platelet-isolated MXene porous microsphere networks was proposed. The composites were prepared by a simple salt-template method under vortex conditions and showed effective electric insulation as well as satisfactory EMI shielding and thermal conductivity properties. Particularly, the EMI shielding performance is enhanced by MXene porous microspheres with multi-interfacial conductive networks. Moreover, Al2O3 platelets (Al2O3p) with shell-like arrangement enrich the thermal conductivity paths on one hand and synergistically interact with the epoxy matrix to intercept the electron transfer between the MXene porous microspheres on the other hand. As a result, the obtained MXene/Al2O3p/Epoxy composites exhibit excellent thermal conductivity (2.1 W/mK) and satisfactory EMI shielding performance (22.3 dB at 8.6 GHz), while maintaining high electrical insulation (1.2 × 109 Ωcm). This paper provided a new idea to synergistically improve the electrical insulation, thermal conductivity and EMI shielding properties of epoxy composites.

Structural and electrical conduction properties of Y3+ ions substituted Li-Zn-Ti ferrites

Rare earth yttrium substituted lithium ferrites Li0.5Zn0.1Ti0.1Y x Fe2.3– x O4 with nominal composition x = 0.00 to 0.10 in steps of 0.02 was prepared by the conventional ceramic method. The samples were sintered at 1050 °C for 6 h using resistive conventional heating. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the formation of a single phase with a spinel structure. FTIR studies also confirmed the tetrahedral and octahedral metal-oxygen bonding of the spinel structure. Structural parameters like density, lattice constant, and crystallite size, site distances, bond length distances were measured from XRD data. The crystallite size reduces while the density increased with the progressive substitution of Y3+ ions. The Fe3+ ions at the A and the B sites mainly contributes to the electromagnetic properties of ferrites. Y3+ ions preferably entering the B sites can significantly interfere with the conduction mechanism of lithium ferrites. The objective of the present work is to find out the effect of Y3+ substitution on the structural and electrical conduction response Li-Zn-Ti ferrites. The DC resistivity initially is found to increase for concentration x = 0.04 and then decrease with further substitution. The study of the temperature dependence of DC resistivity depicts two types of conduction mechanisms in the range studied. The results obtained are analyzed and presented in the paper.

Synergistic flame retardancy and electrical conductivity in di-glycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy composites with polyaniline and aluminum Tri-hydroxide

This study focuses on developing and characterizing multifunctional composites based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy matrix. The aim is to enhance fire resistance and electrical conductivity properties for applications in various fields. To achieve this, aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH) was incorporated as a flame retardant (FR) agent, while polyaniline (PANI) was added to impart electrical conductivity. The composites were categorized into three groups: the first containing flame retardant (FR), the second containing PANI for conductivity, and the third containing both PANI and FR for combined effects. E 60-FP emerged as the optimal multifunctional composite, exhibiting superior mechanical properties among the tested formulations. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results provided valuable insights into the thermal stability of E 60-FP, revealing that it retained 42% of its initial mass at a temperature of 600 °C. Additionally, the composite achieved a V-0 rating in the UL 94 test, confirming its excellent fire resistance. Notably, E 60-FP displayed impressive mechanical strength, with a tensile strength of 7.2 MPa and a tensile modulus of 1117.6 MPa. Its flexural strength and modulus were measured at 31.2 MPa and 2800.2 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the composite E 60-FP exhibited remarkable electrical conductivity, measuring 6.1 × 10–6 S cm−1. These findings highlight the potential of DGEBA epoxy composites containing PANI and ATH as promising materials for applications requiring fire resistance and electrical conductivity properties.

An intrinsic electrical conductivity study of perovskite powders MAPbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl) to investigate its effect on their photovoltaic performance.

An investigation into the intrinsic electrical conductivity of perovskite powders MAPbX3, where X represents iodine (I), bromine (Br), or chlorine (Cl), was conducted to explore its impact on their photovoltaic performance. Results revealed that MAPbCl3 demonstrated light absorption ability in the ultraviolet and visible regions, while MAPbBr3 showed capacity for light absorption at longer wavelengths in the visible spectrum. On the other hand, MAPbI3 exhibited good absorption at longer wavelengths, indicating its ability to absorb light in the near-infrared region. The optical bandgap of each perovskite was determined to be 2.90 eV for MAPbCl3, 2.20 eV for MAPbBr3, and 1.47 eV for MAPbI3. The electrical conductivities of these powders were measured in-plane using the four-probe method and through-plane by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies revealed a significant change in the conductivity of the MAPbI3 perovskite at temperatures between 80 °C and 100 °C. This change could be attributed to structural modifications induced when the temperature exceeds these values. The through-plane conductivity changed from 3 × 10-8 S cm-1 at 60 °C to approximately 6 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 120 °C and around 2 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 200 °C. Meanwhile, the sheet conductivity (in-plane conductivity) measurements performed at ambient temperature reveal that sheet conductivities are 489 × 103 S m-1, 486 × 103 S m-1 and 510 × 103 S m-1 for MAPbBr3, MAPbCl3 and MAPbI3, respectively. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing the performance of perovskite solar cells. Understanding how dopants influence the electrical conductivity and photovoltaic properties of the perovskite material, this work will enable researchers to design and engineer more efficient and stable solar cell devices based on MAPbX3 perovskites.

Hyper strength, high sensitivity integrated wearable signal sensor based on non-covalent interaction of an ionic liquid and bacterial cellulose for human behavior monitoring.

Ion-sensing hydrogels exhibit electrical conductivity, softness, and mechanical and sensory properties akin to human tissue, rendering them an ideal material for mimicking human skin. In the realm of fabricating sensors for detecting human physiological activities, they present an ideal alternative to traditional rigid metal conductors. Nevertheless, achieving ionic hydrogels with outstanding tensile properties, toughness, ionic conductivity, and transport stability poses a significant challenge. This paper describes a simple method of forming a basic network by free radical polymerization of acrylamide, and then bacterial cellulose (BC) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIM]Cl) were introduced into the basic network. The polyhydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions in the system gave the hydrogel notable tensile properties (3271 ± 37%), toughness (7.39 ± 0.13 MJ m-3), and high ultimate tensile stress (385.1 ± 7.2 kPa). In addition, the combination of BC and [EMIM]Cl collaboratively enhanced the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. Ion sensing hydrogels have a wide operating strain range (≈1000%) and high sensitivity (gage factor (GF) = 11.85), and are therefore considered promising candidates for next-generation gel-based strain sensor platforms.

A 3D printable gelatin methacryloyl/chitosan hydrogel assembled with conductive PEDOT for neural tissue engineering

In neural tissue engineering, biomaterial scaffolds that have high conductivity and customized structures are crucial in promoting nerve regeneration. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has emerged as a promising conductive polymer with excellent chemical stability and biocompatibility. However, traditional three-dimensional (3D) printing of PEDOT-based conductive scaffolds faces challenges in limited printing resolution, poor solubility, and brittleness of conductive materials. Herein, digital light processing (DLP) printing was used to fabricate complex hydrogel structures using gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and chitosan (CS) while incorporating PEDOT nanoparticles through interfacial polymerization to create conducting pathways within a hydrogel structure. The integration of PEDOT significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the GelMA/CS hydrogel while preserving printed details. The GelMA/CS-PEDOT hydrogel promoted cell proliferation and facilitated axon outgrowth of PC12 cells and Schwann cells during in vitro culture. Moreover, in vitro direct current electrical stimulation promoted axon elongation of PC12 cells cultured on a conductive substrate. In vivo studies used a conductive nerve conduit to repair a 10-mm rat sciatic nerve defect, validating the efficacy of GelMA/CS-PEDOT scaffold in peripheral nerve injury repair. These findings highlight the significant potential of conductive GelMA/CS-PEDOT hydrogel in the field of neural tissue engineering.

Influence of molecular structure on the coupling strength to a plasmonic nanoparticle and hot carrier generation.

Strong coupling between metal nanoparticles and molecules mixes their excitations, creating new eigenstates with modified properties such as altered chemical reactivity, different relaxation pathways or modified phase transitions. Here, we explore excited state plasmon-molecule coupling and discuss how strong coupling together with a changed orientation and number of an asymmetric molecule affects the generation of hot carriers in the system. We used a promising plasmonic material, magnesium, for the nanoparticle and coupled it with CPDT molecules, which are used in organic optoelectronic materials for organic electronic applications due to their facile modification, electron-rich structure, low band gap, high electrical conductivity and good charge transport properties. By employing computational quantum electronic tools we demonstrate the existence of a strong coupling mediated charge transfer plasmon whose direction, magnitude, and spectral position can be tuned. We find that the orientation of CPDT changes the nanoparticle-molecule gap for which maximum charge separation occurs, while larger gaps result in trapping hot carriers within the moieties due to weaker interactions. This research highlights the potential for tuning hot carrier generation in strongly coupled plasmon-molecule systems for enhanced energy generation or excited state chemistry.

Exploring the efficacy and future potential of polypyrrole/metal oxide nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding: a review.

With recent advancements in technology, the emission of electromagnetic radiation has emerged as a significant issue due to electromagnetic interferences. These interferences include various undesirable emissions that can degrade the performance of equipment and structures. If left unresolved, these complications can create extra damage to the security operations and communication systems of numerous electronic devices. Various studies have been conducted to address these issues. In recent years, electrically conductive polypyrrole has gained a unique position because of its many advantageous properties. The absorption of microwaves and the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding characteristics of electrically conductive polypyrrole can be described in relation to its great electrical conductivity with strong relaxation and polarization effects due to the existence of strong bonds or localized charges. In the present review, advancements in electromagnetic interference shielding with conjugated polypyrrole and its nanocomposites with metal oxides are discussed and correlated with various properties such as dielectric properties, magnetic properties, electrical conductivity, and microwave adsorption properties. This review also focuses on identifying the most suitable polypyrrole-based metal oxide nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding applications.

Exploring the Regression Models for the Relationship between Soil Compaction, Electrical Conductivity and Various Soil Properties for Soil Characterization

Soil properties such as electrical conductivity and soil compaction have been found to be important properties of the soil due to their association with other properties of soil such as soil texture, moisture content, organic matter percentage, cation exchange volume, drainage conditions, salinity, clay pan depth, and subsoil properties that affect crop growth and productivity. The samples were collected during field experiments from two different locations in sandy loam and loamy soil. Simple regression analysis was performed for the determination of the correlation of the soil properties. There was a strong correlation between the soil compaction and electrical conductivity at both the locations in sandy loam (R² = 0.97) and loamy soil (R² = 0.81). it also showed a strong correlation with other engineering properties of soil that affect soil compaction and electrical conductivity of the soil.

Footprints of scanning probe microscopy on halide perovskites.

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and advanced atomic force microscopy (AFM++) have become pivotal for nanoscale elucidation of the structural, optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of halide perovskite single crystals and polycrystalline films, both under ex situ and in situ conditions. These techniques reveal detailed information about film topography, compositional mapping, charge distribution, near-field electrical behaviors, cation-lattice interactions, ion dynamics, piezoelectric characteristics, mechanical durability, thermal conductivity, and magnetic properties of doped perovskite lattices. This article outlines the advancements in SPM techniques that deepen our understanding of the optoelectronic and photovoltaic performances of halide perovskites.

Self-indicating polymers: a pathway to intelligent materials.

Self-indicating polymers have emerged as a promising class of smart materials that possess the unique ability to undergo detectable variations in their physical or chemical properties in response to various stimuli. This article presents an overview of the most important mechanisms through which these materials exhibit self-indication, including aggregation, phase transition, covalent and non-covalent bond cleavage, isomerization, charge transfer, and energy transfer. Aggregation is a prevalent mechanism observed in self-indicating polymers, where changes in the degree of molecular organization result in variations in optical or electrical properties. Phase transition-induced self-indication relies on the transformation between different phases, such as liquid-to-solid or crystalline-to-amorphous transitions, leading to observable changes in color or conductivity. Covalent bond cleavage-based self-indicating polymers undergo controlled degradation or fragmentation upon exposure to specific triggers, resulting in noticeable variations in their structural or mechanical properties. Isomerization is another crucial mechanism exploited in self-indicating polymers, where the reversible transformation between the different isomeric forms induces detectable changes in fluorescence or absorption spectra. Charge transfer-based self-indicating polymers rely on the modulation of electron or hole transfer within the polymer backbone, manifesting as changes in electrical conductivity or redox properties. Energy transfer is an essential mechanism utilized by certain self-indicating polymers, where energy transfer between chromophores or fluorophores leads to variations in the emission characteristics. Furthermore, this review article highlights the diverse range of applications for self-indicating polymers. These materials find particular use in sensing and monitoring applications, where their responsive nature enables them to act as sensors for specific analytes, environmental parameters, or mechanical stress. Self-indicating polymers have also been used in the development of smart materials, including stimuli-responsive coatings, drug delivery systems, food sensors, wearable devices, and molecular switches. The unique combination of tunable properties and responsiveness makes self-indicating polymers highly promising for future advancements in the fields of biotechnology, materials science, and electronics.

Antiferromagnetism and insulator-metal transition of alkali metal-loaded sodalite.

Alkali metal clusters with a single unpaired s-electron can be arranged three-dimensionally in a sodalite crystal by loading the guest alkali atoms. Na, K, and K-Rb alloy clusters are known to be Mott insulators and to exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering. The Néel temperature increases from about 50 K to about 100 K in this order. In this study, Li-Na alloy, Na-K alloy, and pure Rb samples were newly prepared and their magnetic, electrical conductivity, and optical properties were investigated, including those of previous samples. The Na-K alloy samples showed antiferromagnetic properties, which were intermediate between those of the Na and K samples. However, the Rb sample showed a non-magnetic metallic state. The shallower ionization potential in Rb is thought to cause an insulator-metal transition (Mott transition) due to weaker on-site Coulomb repulsion between electrons and larger electron transfer energy between neighboring clusters. On the other hand, the Li-Na alloy sample showed a non-magnetic insulating state. It is thought that the two electrons form a spin-singlet pair due to the strong electron-lattice interaction. In terms of electron correlations and polaron effects, the full picture of the element species dependence of the alkali metal-loaded sodalite is reviewed.

High-temperature sensitivity complex dielectric/electric modulus, loss tangent, and AC conductivity in Au/(S:DLC)/p-Si (MIS) structures

Complex dielectric (ε* = ε′ − jε″)/electric modulus (M* = M′ + jM″), loss tangent (tanδ), and ac conductivity (σac) properties of Au/(S-DLC)/p-Si structures were investigated by utilizing admittance/impedance measurements between 80 and 440 K at 0.1 and 0.5 MHz. Sulfur-doped diamond-like carbon (S:DLC) was used an interlayer at Au/p-Si interface utilizing electrodeposition method. The capacitance/conductance (C/G) or (ε' ~ C) and (ε″ ~ G) values found to be highly dependent on both frequency and temperature. The increase of them with temperatures was attributed to the thermal-activated electronic charges localized at interface states (Nss) and decrease in bandgap energy of semiconductor. The observed high ε′ and ε″ values at 0.1 MHz is the result of the space/dipole polarization and Nss. Because the charges are at low frequencies, dipoles have sufficient time to rotation yourself in the direction of electric field and Nss can easily follow the ac signal. Arrhenius plot (ln(σac) vs 1/T) shows two distinctive linear parts and activation energy (Ea) value was found as 5.78 and 189.41 from the slope; this plot at 0.5 MHz is corresponding to low temperature (80–230 K) and high temperature (260–440 K), respectively. The observed higher Ea and ε′ (~ 14 even at 100 kHz) show that hopping of electronic charges from traps to others is predominant charge transport mechanism and the prepared Au/(S:DLC)/p-Si structure can be used to store more energy.

Nanostructured Composites as High-Performance Anode Materials for Supercapacitors - Synthesis, Engineering Strategy, and Challenges

As electric vehicles continue to rise in popularity, the quest for enhancements in their operational range and overall performance has led to an increasing demand for energy storage solutions with both high energy density and superior cycle performance. In response to this demand, supercapacitors have emerged as a highly promising technology, largely due to their exceptional cycle stability and rapid charge-discharge capabilities. Central to the advancements in supercapacitor technology is the development of anode electrode materials, which play a critical role in augmenting the energy storage capacity and efficiency of these devices. This article explores the synthesis and engineering strategies of nanocomposites, which are at the forefront of anode electrode material innovation. These nanocomposites, under their unique structural and compositional attributes, offer enhanced electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties, thereby significantly improving the performance of supercapacitors. However, despite the promising advances, there remain substantial challenges that need to be addressed. These include issues related to the scalability of production processes, the durability of materials under operational stress, and the optimization of the nanocomposites for specific applications. The article concludes by underscoring the need for ongoing research and development efforts aimed at overcoming these hurdles, which will be crucial for the realization of next-generation supercapacitors that meet the growing performance demands of electric vehicles and other applications.

Substitution-pattern- and counteranion-dependent ion-pairing assemblies of heteroporphyrin-based π-electronic cations.

Metal complexation and peripheral modifications of thiaporphyrins have been investigated for preparing polarized π-electronic cations with anion-dependent ion-pairing assembling modes, including charge-segregated structures exhibiting electric conductive properties.

An investigation of structural, thermal, and electrical conductivity properties for understanding transport mechanisms of CuWO4 and α-CuMoO4 compounds.

Recently, inorganic oxide components with high ionic conductivity have been widely explored due to their high stability, safety, and energy density properties. In this context, the present work focuses on the inorganic oxides CuMO4 (M = W, Mo), which have been successfully synthesized using the traditional solid-state method. They were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis, and complex impedance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction data refined via the Rietveld method indicated that these compounds are well crystallized in the triclinic system with the P1̄ space group. Besides, the electrical conductivity behavior of these materials was analyzed using the impedance spectroscopy technique in the frequency range of 100 to 106 Hz and in the temperature range of 443 K to 563 K. The absence of a phase transition observed in the calorimetric study was confirmed by the σg and ωh variations as a function of temperature. The AC conductivity was analyzed by Jonscher's power law. The outcomes of the study on charge transportation in CuMO4 (where M = W, Mo) suggest that the overlapping large polaron tunneling (OLPT) mechanism was present in CuMoO4, while the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) and the non-overlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) were present in CuWO4. A correlation between the crystal structure and the ionic conductivity was established and discussed. For the two title compounds, modulus analysis revealed that the charge carriers were mobile over short and long distances at low and high frequencies, respectively. The temperature variation of the M'' peak showed a thermally activated relaxation process.

Cutting-edge conjugated nanocomposites—Fundamentals and anti-corrosion significance

This review is merely designed to throw light on the cutting-edge conjugated nanocomposites based on conjugated or conducting polymers and appropriate nanofillers. An important aspect of the conjugated nanocomposites has been observed in the anticorrosion of metals or metallic substrates. Particularly, including carbon nanoparticles (fullerene, graphene, and carbon nanotube) and inorganic nano-additives to the conjugated matrices have enhanced the physical features (morphology, electrical conductivity, mechanical stability, adhesion, and barrier properties) as well as corrosion resistance. To access the anti-corrosion potential, the conjugated nanocomposites have been coated on metal substrates using facile techniques of solution, spraying, dipping, and others. Accordingly, competent anti-corrosion conjugated nanocomposites have found potential for energy or electronic devices, engineering structures, and so on.

Structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of green synthesized Ag doped NiFe2O4 spinel ferrite

Ag-doped nano NiFe2O4 spinel ferrites were successfully synthesized using an environmentally friendly sol-gel technique. Comprehensive characterization of the obtained samples was carried out, employing techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results from XRD and FTIR analyses unequivocally confirmed that the synthesized samples were of high purity and in a well-defined phase. Furthermore, examination of the samples through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed the formation of spherical grains, with an average grain size of 50 nm for pure NiFe2O4 nanoparticles and an increased size of 72 nm for the Ag-doped NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. Moreover, the investigation delved into the electrical conductivity and optical properties of these nanoferrites. It was noteworthy that the electrical conductivity demonstrated a significant enhancement in the case of Ag-doped NiFe2O4, further indicating the potential for improved performance. Magnetic analysis revealed a coercivity value (Hc) of 2.27 A/m for NiFe2O4, while the Ag-doped NiFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibited long-range ferromagnetic ordering. Additionally, optical absorption experiments disclosed an energy band gap of 1.75 eV for NiFe2O4, whereas the Ag-doped NiFe2O4 showcased a reduced energy band gap of 1.256 eV. These findings collectively contribute to a better understanding of the properties and potential applications of these materials in various technological domains.