Operation Of Electrical Circuits Research Articles

ADVANTAGES OF VIRTUAL MODELING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURING DEVICES

The relevance of using virtual modeling of devices for engineering design is considered. An analysis of the publication on the application of computerized design technologies in the processes of device development was made. The possibilities and ways of using computer modeling in the process of developing devices in the Proteus Design and SolidWorks software environments are indicated. In the Proteus Design software environment, you can simulate the operation of electrical circuits containing programmable devices: microcontrollers and microprocessors, as well as design a printed circuit board. A large number of virtual tools are used to simulate the circuits, which simulate the operation of measuring devices, which facilitates the development of electrical circuits. The ARES PCB design module has an autorouter that allows you to automate the design process. As a result of the design of the printed circuit board, a pattern of tracks is obtained, which is used for the manufacture of the printed circuit board by various methods. The article demonstrates all the stages of designing an electronic device. On the basis of the comparison of the simulation results and the operation of the manufactured device, conclusions are made about the effectiveness of the application of simulation in the engineering design of electronic measuring devices.

How Operational Parameters Affect Electromethanogenesis in a Bioelectrochemical Power-to-Gas Prototype

Bioelectrochemical power-to-gas represents a novel solution for electrical energy storage, currently under development. It allows storing renewable energy surplus in the form of methane (CH4), while treating wastewater, therefore bridging the electricity and natural gas (and wastewater) grids. The technology can be coupled with membrane contactors for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, dissolving the CO2 in wastewater before feeding it to the bioelectrochemical system. This way, the integrated system can achieve simultaneous carbon capture and energy storage objectives, in the scenario of a wastewater treatment plant application. In this study, such technology was developed in a medium-scale prototype (32 L volume), which was operated for 400 days in different conditions of temperature, voltage and CO2 capture rate. The prototype achieved the highest CH4 production rate (147 ± 33 L m-3 d-1) at the lowest specific energy consumption (1,0 ± 0,3 kWh m-3 CH4) when operated at 25 oC and applying a voltage of 0,7 V, while capturing and converting 22 L m-3 d-1 of CO2. The produced biogas was nearer to biomethane quality (CH4 > 90% v/v) when CO2 was not injected in the wastewater. Traces of hydrogen (H2) in the biogas, detectable during the periods of closed electrical circuit operation, indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was taking place at the cathode. On the other hand, a relevant CH4 production during the periods of open electrical circuit operation confirmed the presence of acetoclastic methanogenic microorganisms in the microbial community, which was dominated by the archaeal genus Methanothrix (Euryarcheota). Different operational taxonomic units belonging to the bacterial Synergistes phylum were found at the anode and the cathode, having a potential role in organic matter degradation and H2 production, respectively. In the panorama of methanation technologies currently available for power-to-gas, the performances of this bioelectrochemical prototype are not yet competitive, especially in terms of volumetric CH4 production rate and power density demand. However, the possibility to obtain a high-quality biogas (almost reaching biomethane quality standards) at a minimal energy consumption represents a potentially favourable business scenario for this technology.

The impulse power unit for a portable proton magnet resonance relaxometer

In this paper described the switching power supply (SPS) unit and represented its importance for electronic circuits in electronic devices. SPS directly affect the operation of electrical circuits and electronic equipment. In particular, this paper describes its use in a portable proton-magnetic resonance (PMR) relaxometer. Especial attention is to the method of constructing the circuit, and also deals with the comparense of the SPS with a transformer power source. This article presents the structure of schematic diagram of the SPS. The SPS structure works without a transformer, which reduces the size of the system and increases overall efficiency. The proposed circuit structure is based on a push-pull controller, a high- frequency converter with an amplifier and a voltage multiplier circuit and a voltage stabilizer. The simulation and experiments confirm the proposed configuration of SPS.

Comparative analysis of software products for virtual simulation of electrical circuits

This article discusses the use of special software products for the design and simulation of the operation of electrical circuits, namely, the most commonly used programs Electronic Workbench and Multisim are compared, their advantages and disadvantages are determined. In the course of the experiments, on the basis of the above presented software systems, the operation of the electrical circuits of the devices of the amplitude diode detector and the low-frequency amplifier was simulated to identify the capabilities of the programs. In the course of the research, a visual table was compiled, thanks to which it is possible to compare the obtained parameters with the reference characteristics taken from real-life devices. The uptime was chosen as a control parameter, the article contains its calculation formula, and the final calculations are given in the table to better substantiate the capabilities of the software products under consideration. At the end of the article, conclusions are presented on the work done, thanks to which it is possible to determine the pros and cons of each of the programs under consideration.

Hybrid Circuits with Nanofluidic Diodes and Load Capacitors

The chemical and physical input signals characteristic of micro- and nanofluidic devices operating in ionic solutions should eventually be translated into output electric currents and potentials that are monitored with solid-state components. This crucial step requires the design of hybrid circuits showing robust electrical coupling between ionic solutions and electronic elements. We study experimentally and theoretically the connectivity of the nanofluidic diodes in single-pore and multipore membranes with conventional capacitor systems for the cases of constant, periodic, and white-noise input potentials. The experiments demonstrate the reliable operation of these hybrid circuits over a wide range of membrane resistances, electrical capacitances, and solution pH values. The model simulations are based on empirical equations that have a solid physical basis and provide a convenient description of the electrical circuit operation. The results should contribute to advance signal transduction and processing using nanopore-based biosensors and bioelectronic interfaces.

A New 3-D Environment Tool For Electric Circuits Simulator

This paper presents a new simulator platform for basic electric circuits and shows the operation of these circuits in 3-D space. This simulator (the first in the literature) makes use of the advantages of 3-D graphing generated in Flash CS4 to provide an interactive work environment with the user. The simulator makes two types of simulations exclusive: dc and ac. In dc, the results presented are the nodal voltages and branch currents. In ac, it shows the magnitudes and phases of the nodal voltages of the circuit. The novelty of this simulator is the 3-D spatial geometry with the operation of electrical circuits. The advantage of presenting the results in a 3-D environment is to be able to observe and analyze quickly how nodal voltages and branch currents in dc are distributed on the circuit as a whole, as well as their magnitudes and phases of nodal voltages in ac. It is also expected that this new form of study of basic electric circuits will open a new way to facilitate the understanding of these concepts to engineering students. The simulator runs on the Internet through any browser. The electrical analysis values are the same as PSpice.

GENERALIZED ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS BY USING HYPERNION MATRICES

In this paper a novel method for circuit analysis is proposed. It is based on using symbolic analysis in matrix form, which is especially appropriate for repetitive similar calculations of the same circuit. This method, which applies hyper-complex numbers (hypernions), was first developed by the authors for analyzing the non-sinusoidal operation of electrical circuits. Now, the method has been extended to the analysis of electronic/switching circuits in which the sources and/or the parameters are step-wisely changed as a result of switching. Such circuits are common in different kinds of DC-DC converters (such as Buck, Boost, Cuk, etc.). The proposed method gives a new approach to the analysis of the above circuits by opening the possibility of treating them in a general-analytical form, just like in regular electrical circuits having a constant configuration and constant parameters. The computation of such kinds of circuits by using the proposed method becomes very simple, since the circuit does not have to be analyzed many times, each time for a different configuration, but all at once by performing a parallel computation. The theoretical presentation is accompanied by numerical examples.

Causal reasoning as a base for advancing a systemic approach to simple electrical circuits

This paper focuses on the use of research results on students' causal reasoning in designing the teaching of electricity. Examination of students' replies in written questions and classroom teacher-lead discussions suggests that several students, when they construct microscopic mechanisms to explain electrical phenomena, may envision transient states and employ a specific type of causal chain, the iterative one, in addition to the simple and linear causal reasoning. In the second part of paper we present and discuss features of a microscopic mechanism adapted to students' causal reasoning patterns which relies on qualitative modelling of transient states of electrical circuit operation.