Electric Train System Research Articles

Fusion Data Management and Modeling Techniques in Power Quality Compensation Using SAPF

The development of transportation today encompasses a broad range of technological applications that occasionally present new challenges arising from difficulties that require solutions. The article analyzes the difficulties in electric trains concerning the compensation of electric power quality in a traction system using a parallel active power filter (SAPF). From the literature review of several studies, the test distribution system in a distribution network for an electric train system is analyzed, with a variable load and harmonic content. The estimation and control technique used in the SAPF to compensate for the harmonic content and reduce the reactive power at the output of a traction substation is described. A data fusion management strategy is employed in the analyses, demonstrating the system's effectiveness.

Multi-Objective Real-Time Tuning of SVC Used in Electrified Traction Systems.

Electric train system is a very large load for the power network. This load consumes a large amount of reactive power. In addition, it causes a massive unbalance to the network, which results in many problems such as voltage drops, high transmission losses, reduction in the transformer output ability, negative sequence current, mal-operation of protective relays, etc. In this paper, a novel real-time optimization approach is presented to adjust the static VAR compensator (SVC) for the traction system to realize two objectives; current unbalance reduction and reactive power compensation. A multi-objective optimization technique entitled non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to fulfill the regarded objectives simultaneously. A comprehensive simulator has been designed for electric train network modeling that is able to adjust the parameters of SVC in an optimum manner at any time and under any circumstances. The results illustrate that the provided method can efficiently reduce the unbalancing in current as well as supply the demanded reactive power with acceptable precision.

Qualitatively-improved identified parameters of prestressed concrete catenary poles using sensitivity-based Bayesian approach

Prestressed, spun-cast ultrahigh-strength concrete catenary poles have been used widely for electric train systems; for example, thousands of these poles have been installed along high-speed train tracks in Germany. Given the importance of the functionality of train systems, adequate attention has not been paid to catenary poles in research and the literature. Questions regarding the integrity of catenary poles still exist. This study contributes to identify the actual material properties of the poles of interest because the parameter identification is an essential process for any subsequent evaluation of the integrity of catenary poles. Accordingly, a sensitivity-based Bayesian parameter identification approach is developed to estimate the real material properties of the poles using measurements from multiple experiments and numerical models. This approach integrates the sensitivity of time-dependent measurements into the Bayesian inference, which improves the quality of inferred parameters considerably in comparison with classic Bayesian approaches applied in similar case of studies. Furthermore, the proposed approach combines observations of multiple experiments conducted on full-scale poles using a probabilistic uncertainty framework, which provides informative data used in the parameter identification process. Besides, Bayesian inference quantifies the uncertainty of inferred parameters and estimates the hyperparameters, such as the total errors of the observations. The proposed approach utilizes the efficiency of the transitional Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm for sampling from the posterior in both levels of Bayesian inference, namely, the unknown parameters and the hyperparameters. The results show the significant influence of the sensitivity concept in improving the quality of the posterior and highlight the importance of identifying the real material properties during the evaluation of the behavior of existing structures, rather than using the characteristic properties from the datasheet. Applying the proposed approach looks very promising when applied to similar applied case studies.

Movilidad y piezoelectricidad: un estudio de la línea 2 del tren eléctrico de Guadalajara, México

El Tren eléctrico de Guadalajara aporta en las horas de mayor demanda una gran cantidad de materia y energía proveniente del peso de los usuarios. Esta energía puede ser reutilizada para alimentar parte de su movilidad cotidiana. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en comparar el ahorro económico que experimentaría la línea 2 del tren eléctrico utilizando piezoeléctricidad. Para ello, se revisan las bases de datos proporcionadas por el Sistema de Tren Eléctrico Urbano y la Comisión Federal de Electricidad; asimismo, a través de información recopilada in situ y la implementación de una metodología experimental utilizada previamente por la Academia de Ciencias de Morelos en México, se obtiene que el uso de sistemas piezoeléctricos puede lograr autogeneración de energía proveniente del peso de usuarios. Este escenario implica no solo beneficios económicos para la empresa, sino la posibilidad de utilizar innovaciones tecnológicas que promueven alternativas de sustentabilidad energética.

Research on the Design and Realization of Electrical Training System Based on the Virtual Reality Technology

This paper is mainly about the process of design and realization of electrical training software based on the virtual reality technology. Some modern computer technique are used in this paper, such as, interface design technology, animation design and manufacture technology, 3D modeling and rendering technology, virtual reality technology, network technology, database technology and the Man-machine interface sensor and communication technology. The electrical technique skill education in occupation post analysis, training project and key information extraction, the analysis of the teaching object have been realized. The overall structure of the system design, media design, copy and script writing have been accomplished. The virtual reality simulation software for technique training introduced in this paper has the characteristics of strong professionalism, situations, procedural, interactivity and intelligence. It is more realistic, more manufacturability and more interactivity than the traditional simulation teaching software. Therefore, it can achieve better teaching training effects. Furthermore it has common hardware training equipment incomparable advantages.

The introduction of recent proposed tunnel work in Indonesia

The initial concept of linkage infrastructure system, called Nusantara Tunnel, was to connect Java as an industrial zone and Sumatera as a provided basic commodity zone. The idea was followed up by a series of preliminary studies and surveys by domestic and international institutions. Nevertheless, real construction actions have never been initiated. The main reason to put this connecting infrastructure aside is a classical factor of the financial matter. However, the construction of this linkage system is urgent, since the existing ferry system, will become unmanageable to serve people, vehicles, cargos, and goods in coming years. The traffic in Sunda Strait is dense; a report in the year of 2002 has shown that the flow from Merak Port in Java to Bakauhuni Port in Sumatera has achieved 4.81 million passengers and 1.18 million vehicles. The prediction of a moderate growth rate of 3% will result the overflow of 8.93 million people and 3.09 million vehicles. Even with the existing ferry system, a bottlenecking has frequently seen and will become a serious problem in the future. The paper presents a proposal of an integrated system for the linkage infrastructure with regional development, particularly in the related provinces Lampung (in Sumatera) and Banten (in Java) with encouraging the growth of economy and social of these areas. The Sunda Strait infrastructure connects the two islands will be also as an important point for Asian Highway and Asean Highway. The Sunda Strait is potentially affected by the tectonic activity which is located in the transition zone resulted from the movement of two major plates, namely Indian-Australian, and where the Anak Krakatau volcano is located as well. The safe zone between the fault of Sukadana-Gede Mountain and Rajabasa-Danau at the southern with 15 km wide and 20-60 m deep is the area where the tunnel will be constructed. The total length of the tunnel will be 33 km, where 26 km is under the sea bed. The tunnel will be bored in the safe zone, 40 m below the seabed, maximum of 70 m below the sea water level. The tunnel will appear on the surface 3.7 km from the Sumatera coast line in Lampung and 3 km from the Java coast line in Banten. This tunnel is designed to transport electric car trains that move passengers, cars, buses, trucks, trailers, and combination trucks. It is reasonable to be accepted that the train tunnel is the lesser capital investment and better system for both passengers and cargos comparing to the road tunnel. In addition to the electric train system, the tunnel will function as the multipurpose tunnel as well, which is used to accommodate facilities for oil and gas, coal slurry, extra high power transmission, and telecommunication lines. The journey using the train through Nusantara Tunnel is designed to take about 60 min in total, which consist of 15 min for loading, 30 min for the trip across Sunda Strait in the tunnel, and the rest 15 min for unloading. (A) Reprinted with permission from Elsevier. For the covering abstract see ITRD E124500.

Automated railways: Computers help run Japan's second-generation Shinkansen lines and the French Lille urban metro system

An earthquake may cripple the two newest links in Japan's Shinkansen electric-train system, but sensors installed 20 kilometers apart in power substations along the Pacific Coast should prevent the derailment of any trains. Upon detection of a shock wave, two metal parts of a sensor make an electric contact that cuts off the power being fed to the substation. The sensor also sends an electric signal to the rails that activates the brakes on an approaching train, bringing it to a safe stop.

Man-made magnetic micropulsations

The rate of occurrence of small fluctuations of the earth's magnetic field (micropulsations) on a sensitive very narrow bandwidth recorder at 1.5 cps is found to be strongly influenced during the daylight hours by magnetic effects associated with the electrical network of a city some 15 miles distant. Practically all micropulsation activity under the observing conditions ceased on a Sunday, providing a simple test for man-made influences. An isolated dc electric train system, also about 15 miles distant, is found to produce pulsations of large amplitude on a wide-band micropulsation recorder.