Electrical Shock Injury Research Articles

Grounding Resistance Monitoring Device for Improved Construction Electricity Safety in Pumped Storage Power Station Construction

Abstract During the construction period of pumped storage power stations, there are prominent safety hazards in the use of electricity. Most of the underground chambers are in rocky environments, and it is difficult to meet the standard requirements for the grounding resistance of nearby distribution boxes. In addition, due to the high humidity and large amount of dust in the chambers, the grounding terminals are prone to oxidation. Furthermore, frequent blasting operations can cause poor contact of the grounding terminals, resulting in the inability to effectively guide the leakage current into the earth and causing electric shock injury. By using the TN-S wiring method, the leakage current of the equipment and distribution box is guided into the ground grid through the PE line. At the same time, a real-time monitoring system is established for the PE line, which monitors the integrity of the PE line resistance between the third-level distribution box and the transformer ground grid. When an integrity failure occurs, an alarm is quickly issued, enabling maintenance personnel to promptly detect and repair the fault, ensuring that all leakage currents have a good export channel, and further guaranteeing the safety of electricity users.

Factors Related to Electrical Burn Injuries in Occupational and Nonoccupational Settings From 2010 to 2021 in Colombia: Cross-Sectional Design.

Burns affect 11 million people worldwide annually. Electrical burns (EBs) are renowned for inflicting extensive harm and long-term consequences that can lead to severe illnesses and fatalities. People in both occupational and nonoccupational settings may be exposed to EBs, leading to functional or anatomical consequences. We identified sociodemographic features related to EBs in both settings. A cross-sectional design, using an open dataset of electrical shock injuries that occurred in Colombia during the 2010-2021 period, was carried out. Sociodemographic features of people injured in occupational and nonoccupational settings were described in counts (%), incidence per 100 000 people (I0; 95% CI). To identify related factors (age-sex adjusted) with injuries in occupational and nonoccupational settings, we applied a binary logistic regression. Over the 12-year period, there were 1.274 EBs (I0: 2.47; 2.34-2.61), 287 in the occupational setting (I0: 1.35; 1.20-1.51), and 987 in the nonoccupational setting (I0: 3.25; 3.05-3.46). Age median was 31 years, and most cases were distributed in middle adulthood (52.8%), males (88.1%), high school/technician (42.8%), urban location (73.7%), weekdays (95.3%), and daytime hours (85.5%). Factors related to EBs in the occupational setting were males, middle adulthood, high school/technician, Thursday, and daytime hours. Other factors related to EBs in the nonoccupational setting were early childhood, primary school, urban location, and weekends. Both settings pose a risk of injuries to individuals. We have identified sociodemographic factors related to these injuries in both occupational and nonoccupational settings, which could aid in preventing damages and long-term complications, especially among vulnerable subgroups such as those determined above.

74 The Impact of Motoric Dysfunction on Neuropsychological Test Performance Within an Electrical Injury Sample

Objective:Victims of electrical injury (EI) often experience injuries to the peripheral nervous system and neuromuscular damage that may diminish motor function, such as flexibility/dexterity. These difficulties may continue after rehabilitation due to the reorganization of muscle afferent projections during peripheral nerve regeneration. Therefore, understanding how patients with a history of thermal burn injuries perform on motoric measures is necessary to explain the impact neuromuscular damage has on both motor and non-motor tests of cognition. However, no studies have examined the impact of motor functioning on cognition in patients who experienced thermal and electrical injuries compared to an electrical shock injury. This study explored the impact of motor dysfunction and psychiatric distress measured by depression severity on psychomotor speed and executive test performances among EI patients with and without thermal burn injuries.Participants and Methods:This cross-sectional study consisted of EI patients undergoing an outpatient neuropsychological evaluation, including tests of motor dexterity (Grooved Pegboard [GP]), psychomotor speed (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Coding, Trail Making Test [TMT] Part A), and executive functioning (Stroop Color and Word Test [SCWT] Color-Word trial, TMT Part B). The sample was 83% male and 17% female, 88% White, 3% Black, 5% Hispanic, and 2% other race/ethnicity, with a mean age of 43.9 years (SD=11.36), mean education of 12.9 years (SD=2.05), and mean depression severity of 20.05 (SD=12.59) on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Exclusion criteria were: 1) injury history of moderate-to-severe head trauma, 2) >2 performance validity test failures, and 3) any amputation of the upper extremity. Regression analyses included GP T-Scores for dominant hand and BDI-II total score as independent variables and neuropsychological normative test data as dependent variables.Results:Among validly performing patients with EI (n=86), regression analyses revealed GP performance accounted for significant variance (R2 =.153-.169) on all neuropsychological measures. Among EI patients with burn injuries (n=50), regression analyses revealed GP performance accounted for significant variance (R2 =.197-.266) on all neuropsychological measures. Among EI patients without burn injuries (n=36), analyses revealed that neither GP performance nor BDI-II severity accounted for significant variance across the neurocognitive tests (R2=.056-.142). Furthermore, among EI patients with burn injuries and the total sample, regression analyses revealed depression severity negatively predicted GP performance (R2 =.099-.13), however, in patients without burn injuries, depression did not predict GP performance (R2 =.052).Conclusions:Overall, results showed that GP performance is a significant predictor of neurocognitive performance on both motor and non-motor measures in EI patients with burn injuries. Therefore, among EI patients with burn injuries, GP performance may have potential utility as an early indicator of injury severity, considering that it predicts neuropsychological test performance on measures of psychomotor speed and executive functioning. Lastly, depression predicted GP performance within the burn injury sample illustrating that psychological distress may negatively impact motor functionality.

Deaths associated with electric shock injuries in children and adults: A 10-year retrospective examination in Şanlıurfa, Southeast Turkey (2012-2022).

Electric shock injuries (EIs) have high rates of morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. The aim of this study was to examine autopsy cases resulting from EIs and to compare pediatric and adult groups with respect to sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, location of the incident, electricity entry-exit wound characteristics, current direction, pathological effects of the electric shocks on the body, and cause of death. A total of 8075 autopsies conducted between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively examined. Şanliurfa is a city in the southeast of Turkey with the highest birth rate in the country. Of 123 cases of death resulting from EIs in Şanliurfa, 58 (47.2%) were children (age < 18 years). In the majority of children (81%), a low-voltage injury resulted from a domestic appliance while the children were playing at home in a rural area. In the vast majority of adults, a high-voltage injury (HVI) resulted from a workplace accident due to working with HVI materials in an area outside the home. The manner of death was accidental in all the electric shock injuries. The electricity entry and exit wounds formed as a result of EIs had similar characteristics in both children and adults, with no significant difference identified. In the province of Şanliurfa, Turkey, which borders Syria and where the main occupation is agricultural activities, there is a need to increase electrical safety precautions within the home, educate parents, and increase electrical safety conditions and worker education in the workplace.

Thoracic Dislocation Fracture Complicated by a Serious Electric Shock Injury: A Case Report.

Thoracic Dislocation Fracture Complicated by a Serious Electric Shock Injury: A Case Report.

Characteristics of patients resuscitated after burn related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

AimThis study’s objective was to describe the characteristics of burn injury patients who were resuscitated after burn related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). MethodWe conducted a retrospective cohort study and examined characteristics of burn related OHCA using data from a Japanese nationwide burn registry that was collected between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2020. First, we compared the characteristics of burn patients with and without OHCA. Second, among burn patients with OHCA, we compared the characteristics of survivors with non-survivors. ResultsIn the database, there were 16,995 hospitalised burn patients and 256 burn related OHCA. Thirty-two of the 256 burn patients (13%) survived after admission. Among patients with burns who also had OHCA, flames were the most common injury mechanism (74%); in comparison to all other injury mechanisms, the rate of flame burn was significantly higher in burn patients with OHCA than in burn patients without OHCA. The most common cause of death for burn related OHCA is carbon-monoxide poisoning (46%). Compared with survivors, non-survivors had a larger burn area, greater age and more complications. such as inhalation injuries and perineal burn injuries. Compared to other mechanisms of burn injury, electrical burn injuries were more common among survivors. In twelve patients with electrical burns, eight patients survived (67%) OHCA; of those eight patients, six (50%) could be discharged home. ConclusionPatients with burn related OHCA have a poor prognosis; however, patients who sustain electrical shock injuries may do better.

Diurnal raptors at rescue centres in the Czech Republic: Reasons for admission, outcomes, and length of stay.

Rescue centres play an important role in the protection of raptors living in the wild by caring for injured or debilitated animals and abandoned young with the aim of returning them to the wild. A total of 22,538 raptors were admitted to 34 rescue centres in the Czech Republic in the years 2010-2019, with an increasing trend during the monitored period (rSp = 0.7333, p < 0.05). The most frequent reasons for their admission were other injuries and fractures (26.52%), the admission of young (22.98%), and the admission of raptors injured by electric shock injuries (20.51%). It proved possible to release 42.45% of admitted raptors back into the wild, the majority of which (91.05%) were released using the hard-release method. Foster parents were used in 1% of cases and a replacement nest in 0.2% of cases involving the rearing of young. In spite of all the care provided at rescue centres, a total of 39.97% of raptors admitted either died or had to be euthanized. Among them, most raptors were euthanized or died due to injuries caused by collision with a vehicle, electric shock injuries, and other injuries. This generally occurred shortly after admission (a median of two days). The importance of the work of rescue centres lies not merely in returning injured raptors back into the wild (which proves possible in around half of all cases), but also in obtaining information about the factors endangering raptors in the wild and contributing toward a decline in their populations. The findings provide information about human-wildlife interactions in the Czech Republic and their implications for conservation as well as on the effectiveness of rescue centres to successfully treat and subsequently release raptors back into the wild.

Analysis of monitoring effect on Hybrid Electric Field for AC/DC Cross Line

Electrostatic induction charge which generated by the coupling effect of hybrid electric field of AC/DC cross line and metal object under the transmission line can cause different levels of electric shock injury to human. In order to find out the distribution law of the hybrid electric field and reduce the effect of electrostatic induction, this paper set up shielding lines which paralleled to the AC and DC lines respectively on the outside of the side conductors and along the diagonal of parallelogram at crossing point, then measured the electric field distribution in shielding areas of 750kV AC and 500kV DC lines and the induced voltages of shielding lines in different states, analyzed the effect of shielding line on power frequency electric field and DC composite electric field. The results showed that shielding lines have a reducing effect on the hybrid electric field of the cross lines, the average power frequency field strength is reduced by 12.6%, the DC composite field and power frequency electric field at the crossing position was far less than the limits specified in the respective standards. Both induced voltage of bare lines and shielding lines wrapped with adhesive tape increase with the raise of erection height. Under the same conditions, the average induction voltage of bare conductor is 9.3% higher than that of shielding lines wrapped with adhesive tape. There is no obvious difference between parallel and vertical erection methods of the same number of shielding lines in the degree of reduction of induced voltage.

Prevalence of Cardiac Arrhythmias, Clinical Spectrum and Complications of Electrical Injury

Background: Electrical accidents (EA) are rare, but can cause serious and potentially life-threatening injuries to multiple organs. The majority of epidemiological data refers to workplace accidents which account for a significant share of such accidents in adults. Exposure to electric shock has been associated with an increased risk of developing immediate and delayed cardiac arrhythmias. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and different symptoms in patient with high voltage and low voltage electrical injury. Methods: This was observational prospective study was carried out at the Dept. of Cardiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical College Hospital, Faridpur, Bangladesh from January to June 2021. 51 consecutive patients with electrical injury who were admitted. Admission criteria were age ≥15 years, loss of consciousness, cardiac arrest, electrocardiographic abnormalities, soft tissue damage and burns. Patients were categorized into high and low voltage injury group and their variables were compared. Results: The mean age of the patients was 32.3±10.4 years among them 41 (82.3%) were male. Patients who sustain high voltage electrical injury (&gt;1000V) were 18 (35.2%) and low voltage injury (&lt;1000V) were 33 (64.7%).Cardiac arrhythmias like sinus tachycardia (11.1% vs 6.0%, p=0.054), sinus bradycardia (11.1% vs 3.0% p=0.254), ventricular premature beats (5.6% vs3.0%, p=0.674), atrial fibrillation (11.1% vs 0%, p=0.054) were observed in high voltage and low voltage group. The commonest presenting symptoms in both groups were pain (77.8% vs 81.8% p=0.560) and fatigue (55.6% vs 39.3%, p=0.328). Conclusion: In this study few non-fatal cardiac arrhythmias were observed in both high and low voltage electrical injury group. Parameters considered to be risk factors such as known structural heart disease, loss of consciousness, high voltage electric shock, burn and soft tissue injuries were also not significant predictors of the occurrence of arrhythmias. There is no significant difference in the presenting symptoms and types of arrhythmias observed between low voltage and high voltage injury group.

An experimental rat model of electric shock injury with isolated electric shock and water conduction: the histopathological changes on the skin and internal organs and the effect on biochemical parameters.

It is difficult to determine the cause of death in electric shock injuries when no trace can be determined on the skin, and this is accepted as a reason for negative autopsy. We aimed to determine useful parameters in the definition of the cause of deaths associated with electric shock and particularly those formed with water conduction. This study used a total of 42 rats, applied with fatal electric shock formed of isolated electric shock at 220V and with water conduction. The serum NT-ProBNP and H-FABP levels were examined together with histopathological changes in the brain, cerebellum, brainstem, heart, liver and skin and the Bax, caspase-3 and HSP-60 antibody status in these tissues. A statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in respect of the serum H-FABP values and the immunohistochemical staining of the samples taken from the organs. In conclusion, this study is the first in literature with an experimental model of electric shock with water conduction. Using immunohistochemical and biochemical markers in deaths associated with isolated electric shock and electric shock with water conduction, the results of this study can contribute to the clarification of one of the reasons for negative autopsy in forensic medicine.

The first case report of multiple thoracic vertebrae fractures caused by a low-voltage electric shock

BackgroundThis paper describes a unique case—the first case of multiple fractures of the thoracic vertebrae caused by a low-voltage electric shock.Case presentationA 22-year-old male patient was diagnosed with compression fractures of Th2–Th6 caused by a muscle spasm resulting from an electric shock. The patient was treated conservatively using a cervico-thoracic support corset. After rehabilitation, the patient has regained his physiological movement of the spine without any back pain.ConclusionsAlbeit vertebral fractures caused by electric shock injury are extremely rare, clinicians should always keep in mind this diagnosis, especially when clinical symptoms such as pain and limitation of movement are present.

Forensic Engineering Analysis of a Swimming Pool Electric Shock Injury

This case involves a minor who received an electric shock while swimming in a membership swimming pool. Her family sued the pool association, its president, the electric utility, and others. At some time, tree trimmers had accidentally severed the service drop’s neutral return wire. The electric utility made a temporary splice repair, but did not permanently replace the wire until several years later (after the incident). The forensic engineer (FE) was retained by counsel for the pool and its president to opine on electrical aspects of the plaintiff’s complaints. The FE inspected the pool premises, reviewed documents, and examined the spliced service wires in storage. The FE opined that the pool association and its president were not negligent or careless — and that the electric utility failed its responsibility to maintain the service drop. This report discusses three-phase electric power, current flow, and how a severed neutral can cause a shock.

Искусственный интеллект для безопасного технического обслуживания, эксплуатации и технологии ремонта устройств электроснабжения ОАО «РЖД»

Automation of the technological processes is rapidly improving with the emergence and development of the artificial intelligence. More complex applications and platforms are being developed to better analyze the production process. Artificial intelligence and robotics are becoming efficient and priority tools for removing employees from the hazardous areas, minimizing the influence of the human factor, preventing, and predicting industrial injuries, automating production, improving labor productivity and quality of work. Artificial intelligence tools used in the world practice and wearable protective devices that serve to minimize industrial injuries and increase labor productivity are considered. The analysis of statistical data on injuries to the personnel of JSC «Russian Railways» during maintenance, operation and repair of power supply devices is presented. Further development and implementation of the artificial intelligence, the latest methods, and technical means of protecting railway personnel from electric shock injury is becoming an urgent task. The article considers video surveillance system «DOZOR» used in the RZD holding, which contributes to strengthening labor and technological discipline at production facilities, enhancing occupational safety, improving the quality of work- places preparation, and performing technological operations. It also allows you to assess professional competence and identify gaps in the theoretical and practical knowledge of the employees. It is proposed to introduce a computer vision device into «DOZOR» video surveillance system, which will ensure compliance with the requirements of the occupational safety rules and regulations in real time. It will also make it possible to promptly inform the employee and his managers about all the violations at a particular workplace for taking timely measures on preventing accidents and injury to the personnel.

Evaluation of Tp-e / QTc ratio in determining the risk of arrhythmia in electric shocks in children

INTRODUCTION: Patients who have electrical accidents can apply to hospital with clinical signs ranging from simple skin burns to serious organ injuries. Our aim in this study is to evaluate whether QT, QTc interval and QT/QTc, Tp-e/QT, Tp-e/QTc ratios can be a marker for determine the risk of arrhythmias in children in cases of electric shock injuries that can be fatal.&#x0D; &#x0D; MATERIAL &amp; METHOD: In our study, 36 patients who were admitted to pediatric emergency with an electric shock between July 2018 and September 2019 and followed up in our clinic were included. As a control group, 25 healthy patients were included in the study. The files of the patients were examined retrospectively ECG (electrocardiogram) findings in leads DII and V5 were recorded. &#x0D; RESULTS: Thirty-six (41%) patients who were admitted to our study due to electrical shock and followed up in our pediatric emergency were included. Sinus tachycardia was observed in two patients and no arrhythmias were detected in others. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups between QT, QTc interval and QT/QTc, Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios measured in DII and V5 leads on ECG (p&gt; 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between ECG findings by gender(p&gt; 0.05). &#x0D; &#x0D; CONCLUSION: Electric shock can cause life-threatening situations by causing fatal arrhythmia. Although ECG findings are used to determine cardiac arrhythmia, it should be shown whether QT, QTc interval and Tp-e/QT, Tp-e/QTc ratios are significant arrhythmogenic markers by prospective studies in more specific age groups.

The Electric Shock during Acupuncture: A Normal Needling Sensation or a Warning Sign.

The electric shock has been proposed as one of the new needling sensations in recent years. In acupuncture sensation scales, the electric shock is included by ASS and SNQS, but not SASS, MASS, and C-MMASS. Some scholars argue that the electric shock is a normal needling sensation, but some researchers do not agree with this view. This problem has not been resolved due to a lack of evidence from basic research. Literature and research point out that the electric shock is caused by inserting a needle into the nerve directly. A question of considerable scientific and practical interest is whether the electric shock should be a normal needling sensation. In this article, we review the historical documentation of the needling sensation and the process of formulating and improving acupuncture sensation scales to suggest that the electric shock may not be a normal needling sensation. Secondly, we collected and analyzed cases of nerve injury caused by acupuncture accompanied by the electric shock and why acupuncture caused the electric shock without nerve injury. It suggests that there may be a correlation between the electric shock and peripheral nerve injury, and acupuncture manipulation is an essential factor in adverse acupuncture events. Finally, we put forward that the electric shock during acupuncture is a warning sign that the peripheral nerve may be injured, rather than a normal needling sensation. In the future, we hope to have experimental studies on the mechanism of the electric shock or observational studies on the correlation between the electric shock and peripheral nerve injury to verify.

A Patient with Symptoms Caused by Electric Shock Treated with Traditional Korean Medicine

This case report describes a 60-year-old female patient diagnosed with intercostal neuropathy and vertebral compression fractures which occurred following an electric shock injury. The patient received acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and herbal medicine administration between February 10th, 2020 and April 25th, 2020. The pain level in the thoracic and left intercostal areas was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale. The Self-report of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Pain Scale were used to diagnose neuropathic pain. The Neuropathic-Pain -Scale was used to evaluate the degree of neuropathic symptoms. The Oswestry Disability Index and the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions were used to assess quality of life scales and functional disorder. Following combined Korean medicine treatment, the patient exhibited reduced levels of pain and significant improvement in functional disorder symptoms and quality of life.

Cataract following electric shock - Case report

Ocular trauma is the under-recognized cause of unilateral blindness particularly in developing nations.The growing demand on generated electricity has also led to increase in electricity related occupational trauma. We report a case of bilateral cataract in a 22 years professional electrician. He survived a high voltage electric shock and sustained burn injury on the right side of his head. Ocular examination revealed typical anterior as well as posterior subcapsular cataract in right eye and visually insignificant early anterior subcapsular vacuoles in the left eye. There was a significant difference in lenticular opacification density in between these two eyes. Uneventful phacoemulsification and foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was performed in the right eye and the sufferer was rehabilitated with normal best corrected visual acuity. The possibility of ocular complications and importance of ocular screening is emphasized in the survivors of electrical injury. The lenticular opacities can be successfully managed with surgery, however the final visual acuity depends on damage to other vital ocular structures. The clinical features, pathogenic mechanism of these opacities and review of the literatures are discussed.

Хирургическое лечение различных видов макулопатии после поражения электрическим током

«Российская офтальмология онлайн» - электронное информационное издание, создается с 1 марта 2010 года под эгидой Российского общества офтальмологов. Основная задача проекта - научно-информационная поддержка специалистов в области офтальмологии.

Rare Causes of Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adults: Our Experience.

Bilateral hearing loss is attributed to almost 50% of times with genetic etiology, while most unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) are not attributable to it. Limited literature is available on epidemiology of USNHL. Etiology of USNHL is very diverse and vast, it ranges from as common as Meniere's disease to as rare as an electric shock injury. A prospective study was carried out to find rare causes of USNHL in adults. In this manuscript, we present a case series of 7 rare etiologies of USNHL in adults like auditory neuropathy, chemoradiotherapy, dialysis-induced SNHL, common cavity inner ear malformation, multiple sclerosis, acute otitis media-induced SNHL and vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. This study discusses the rare possible etiologies of USNHL that can be easily missed if these are not ruled out properly. We present these cases to consider these heterogeneous and distinct causes of USNHL because of rarity of these etiologies. If such an etiology is diagnosed in time, they may be managed effectively.

Electrically Hazardous Jobs in the U.S.

This article examined 1004 U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration cases of electrical injury that occurred between January 1, 2011 and June 28, 2017. The data are examined to determine which occupations experienced fatal electrical injury. Characteristics such as the degree of injury, the nature of injury, and task assignments at the time of injury were determined. There were 705 fatal electrical injuries from all causes. There were 17 occupations with ten or more fatal cases, led by, in order, “electricians,” “construction laborers,” “laborers, except construction,” “electrical power installers and repairers,” and “tree trimming occupations.” In addition, the data are also examined to isolate fatal overhead power line injuries. Overhead power lines were involved in 246 fatal electrical shock injuries to workers and ten burn injuries. Occupations most affected by overhead power line injuries were studied in greater detail. Just six occupations account for more than one half of all those fatally injured by electricity in overhead power line cases. Occupations with ten or more fatal overhead power line injuries include, in order, “construction laborer,” “laborers, except construction,” “tree trimming occupations,” “electrical power installers and repairers,” “roofers,” and “truck drivers, heavy.” Several identified occupations with unexpected electrical exposure, such as “roofers,” “tree trimmers,” and “truck drivers,” are not usually associated with electrically hazardous jobs. Erecting, moving, and dismantling scaffolding, the use of conductive ladders, booms, and tag lines, and tree trimming in the vicinity of overhead power lines were common scenarios in which the fatal electrical injuries are studied. Working without deenergizing circuits, working without proper prejob hazard analysis and planning, and working without proper personal protective equipment also were mentioned in the accident narratives.