Elderly Population In China Research Articles

In the Context of Integrated Healthcare and Nursing Services, the Study Explores the Production Dilemmas and Optimization of End-of-life Care Services in the Context of Aging Population in Guangxi - based on a Survey of an End-of-life Care Pilot Project i

With the continuous deepening of China's aging population, the number of the elderly has been increasing, and the mortality rate has been rising year by year. At the end of life, people often face psychological fear and physical pain. End-of-life care plays an important role in improving the quality of life of the elderly at the end of life. End-of-life care is an extremely important link in integrated healthcare and nursing services, and it is also an effective measure promoted by the state to cope with aging population. It aims to provide end-of-life care for the elderly in China and ensure the last leg of their life journey. This study takes an end-of-life care pilot project in Guangxi as an example and conducts a field survey on the implementation of end-of-life care services in relevant nursing homes. It also conducts semi-structured interviews with 13 end-of-life care workers and analyzes the data using Nvivo software. The study aims to explore the production dilemmas of end-of-life care services in the context of integrated healthcare and nursing services and propose relevant optimization measures.

Analysis of the Impact of Population Ageing on China's Economy

Abstracts: This paper is based on the background of population aging in China's society and economy, in order to study how aging affects China's economy and how to cope with its impact. The paper is based on a literature survey and a case study approach to the topic of labor markets, the silver economy, and the consumption of the elderly population. The results of the study show that the labor force receives a larger ripple effect and that an increase in the aging population inevitably leads to a decrease in the labor force. The silver economy is a senior-centered economy driven by aging, and the aging of the population has increased the burden on society and the government. The Chinese government needs to introduce an appropriate security system for the aging population to facilitate the integration of the elderly into society and to guide the changes that need to be made in all sectors to cope with the aging of the population.

Effectiveness of targeted financial aid on disability welfare for the ageing population in China: A quasi-experiment study.

Addressing the problem of disabilities and disability deterioration is a key task for healthy ageing. Financial aid has been an effective measure for vulnerable groups, especially ageing people with disabilities. However, the effects of targeted financial aid on preventing disability deterioration remain unknown. The Chinese government launched a targeted financial aid programme aimed at people with disabilities. In this study, we investigated the causal effects of such targeted financial aid on disability deterioration prevention for elderly people with disabilities in China. The data set used in this study included 36 640 elderly individuals with disabilities in China between 2016-19. We constructed a quasi-experiment approach and used a difference-in-differences (DID) method to examine the counterfactual differences between the treatment group in four cities that implemented such targeted financial aid in 2018 and the control group in three cities that did not adopt the policy over the study period. We employed propensity score matching (PSM) jointly with DID to mitigate selective bias. For sensitivity analysis, we conducted supplementary analyses on alternative samples, focusing on each of the treated cities respectively. Besides the main outcome, we also used fixed effect models to test the impact of such financial aid on rehabilitation access. The targeted financial aid significantly reduced the possibility of disability deterioration for elderly people with severe disabilities (0.26%; P < 0.001). Using PSM-DID models, the impact remained significant (0.33%; P < 0.001). Moreover, financial aid was significantly related to their access to rehabilitation services (12.71%; P < 0.001). Further analysis showed the heterogenous effects of targeted financial aid across individual demographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as communities with and without rehabilitation facilities. Targeted financial aid had a positive impact on preventing disability deterioration among elderly individuals aged ≥65 years with severe disabilities. Moreover, rehabilitation care had a potential mediating role in the relationship between targeted financial aid and disability deterioration prevention. This study highlights the effectiveness of targeted financial aid in preventing disability deterioration and improving rehabilitation care for people with disabilities.

Asthma and eye diseases in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: A comprehensive analysis of CHARLS data.

With China's aging population, the incidence of eye diseases is increasing, leading to urgent concerns about visual impairment and blindness. The cause-and-effect relationship between asthma and eye diseases in the Chinese population remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the link between asthma and eye-related diseases, including cataracts and glaucoma, among Chinese adults. This study utilized data from the 4th wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey conducted in 2018, involving 19,816 Chinese participants. We first described baseline characteristics, then constructed 5 logistic regression models to study the relationship between asthma and eye diseases in the Chinese context. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed with selected variables. Across 5 models adjusting for covariates, we found that asthma was significantly associated with cataracts (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 1.36 [1.01-1.79], P = .034) and glaucoma (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 1.92 [1.46-2.49], P < .001). Subgroup analyses revealed that Chinese women, former smokers, or drinkers were at higher risk of developing cataracts (all P < .001), while those aged ≤ 60 years were at higher risk of developing glaucoma (P < .001). Our study provides possible observational evidence linking asthma to cataracts, glaucoma, and visual impairment in the Chinese population. These findings are crucial for disease prevention strategies in China's healthcare system.

Gender differences in the association between inter-generational interaction and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults

BackgroundInter-generational interaction is a carrier of Chinese traditional culture, and it can exert important influence on the depressive symptoms on Chinese older adults. The study aims to analyze gender differences in the association between inter-generational interaction and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults and explore factors contributing to the differences.MethodData from China Family Panel Studies in 2020 were used. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The latent class analysis was applied to identify patterns of inter-generational interaction of older adults (aged 60 and above). Before the comparison between older man and older woman, we used Coarsened Exact Matching to control confounding factors and improve causal inferences. Multiple linear regression was conducted to explore the association between inter-generational interaction and depression symptoms. Oaxaca-blinder decomposition method was used to analyze the gender difference and the sources.ResultOur study identified three types of inter-generational interaction: detached, nearby but discordant and two-way tight-knit. Analysis indicated that most of older man (54.39%) and older woman (49.78%) were in the type of nearby but discordant. Older man and older woman who in detached type had higher depression scores than other types, and the depression score of two-way tight-knit type accounted for 12.42 and 13.77 respectively. Our findings demonstrated that two-way tight-knit type (-11.89%) significantly decreased the gender differences in the depression symptoms. Other major contributors also included living without spouse (20.56%), primary school and junior middle school (15.95%), higher middle school and above (9.50%) and no illness for two weeks (47.70%).ConclusionOur study highlighted three patterns of inter-generational interaction, and most of older man and older woman were in the pattern of nearby but discordant. In addition, the two-way tight-knit pattern significantly can decrease gender differences in depression symptoms. The contributors should be taken into account in more targeted intervention strategies for narrowing gender differences in the depression symptoms, which could achieve a gender dividend in the era of China's aging population.

How do policies promote the sustainable development of older-adult care industry? A configuration analysis based on policy tools.

Under the background of population aging in China, the demand for older-adult care services and products is growing, and the older-adult care industry has great development prospects. A sound older-adult care policy system, that is, an effective policy tool mix, plays an important role in improving the sustainable development of older-adult care industry. Based on older-adult care policy documents from 31 Chinese provinces, this research extracts older-adult care policy tools via text mining. Then extracted policy tools are taken as conditional variables, and the development of older-adult care industry, which is manifested by the number of older-adult care companies across 31 regions is taken as the result variable. Through applying qualitative comparative analysis, the combined effect of different policy tools on the development of older-adult care industry is obtained. Results show that a single policy tool cannot constitute the necessary condition to facilitate the older-adult care industry. Hence, policy tools should be applied in combination. Five sustainable policy tool mixes which can promote the development of older-adult care industry are summarized, namely supporting policy-driven mode, fiscal and tax support mode led by supply-oriented policy tools, double-team mode driven by fiscal and tax support and the consumer market, multi-subject joint force mode, and technology compensation mode. The overall findings of this study imply that exploring the policy tool combinations is of vital importance to the sustainable development of older-adult care industry.

Expert consensus on the construction and improvement of adult vaccination service system at medical institutions

The "Healthy China 2030" plan outlines the goal of providing equitable, accessible, and continuous health services to achieve overall health for the population. However, with the increasing aging population in China, the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases and infectious diseases negatively impacts public health. The elderly population has high hospitalization rates due to infections from influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can even lead to death, posing a heavy economic burden on the healthcare system. Meanwhile, the prevalence of chronic diseases and multimobidity among adults are continuously rising, and infections could attack the high-risk groups which cause comlicaitons and severe outcomes. Vaccination is considered as most cost-effective measure for preventing infectious diseases, significantly reducing the disease burden on individuals while effectively controlling the spread of epidemics within the community. Currently, the adult vaccination service system in China is significantly lagging, making it difficult to fully utilize the health protection benefits of vaccines throughout the entire lifecycle. Therefore, to improve adult vaccination services and increase the vaccination rate among high-risk populations for severe diseases, this expert consensus analyzes the current status and challenges of adult vaccination services based on literature reviews and expert discussions. To provide suggestions for the establishment and improvement of adult vaccination service system, and reference health authorities and disease control and prevention departments to formulate relevant policies.

Clean air actions can conquer the growing burden of lung cancer with population aging in China

Clean air actions can conquer the growing burden of lung cancer with population aging in China

The temporal trend of tuberculosis burden in an aging population in China: a secondary data analysis from the GBD 2019

BackgroundThe rapid population aging in China has been a big challenge to achieve the goal of ending the global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic. This study aimed to describe the temporal trend of TB burden in China during 1990 ∼ 2019 and to evaluate the effect of age, period, and birth cohort on domestic TB burden, with a specific focus on the elderly.MethodsThe trends of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of TB among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative people were described using the data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Join-point regression model was applied to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of TB burden for different age groups. Age-period-cohort (APC) model was fitted for incidence and mortality, and relative risks (RR) were computed for each age group.ResultsIn 2019, the highest TB deaths (5.23 thousand, 95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 4.38 ∼ 6.17) and DALYs (155.18 thousand, 95%UI: 126.47 ∼ 190.55) were observed in the HIV-negative population aged 70 ∼ 74 years in China. The proportion of those aged ≥ 60 years in newly diagnosed TB patients without HIV coinfection increased from 23.82% in 1990 to 37.54% in 2019, while TB deaths rose from 48.70 to 68.64%. During the past 30 years, the AAPC of age-standardized mortality (-7.77, confidence interval [CI]: -8.44∼ -7.10) and DALYs (-7.48, 95% CI: -7.98∼ -6.97) among HIV-negative individuals have shown a decrease, while much slower in the age groups above 70-year-old. The period effect and cohort effect contributed to the decline of TB incidence and mortality, but the age effect led to increasing TB mortality, especially among the ages of 85 ∼ 89 years (RR = 4.59, 95% CI: 4.25 ∼ 4.95).ConclusionsThe burden of TB remains considerable in the elderly population in China. More actions should be taken to improve case finding and the quality of TB healthcare for this high-risk population.

A case for the use of deep learning algorithms for individual and population level assessments of mental health disorders: Predicting depression among China's elderly

BackgroundWith the continuous advancement of age in China, attention should be paid to the mental well-being of the elderly population. The present study uses a novel machine learning (ML) method on a large representative elderly database in China as a sample to predict the risk factors of depression in the elderly population from both holistic and individual level. MethodsA total of participants met the inclusion criteria from the fourth waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed with ML algorithms. The level of depression was assessed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). ResultsThe current study found top 5 factors that were important for predicting depression in the elderly population in China, including average sleep time, gender, age, social activities and nap time during the day. The results also provide reliable diagnostic likelihood at the individual level to support clinicians identify the most impactful factors contributing to patient depression. Our findings also suggested that activities such as interacting with friends and play ma-Jong, chess or join community clubs may have a positive collaborative effect for elderly's mental health. ConclusionsHolistic approaches are an effective method of deriving and interpreting sophisticated models of mental health in elderly populations. More detailed information about a patient's demographics, medical history, sleeping patterns and social/leisure activities can help to inform policy and treatment interventions on a population and individual level. Large scale surveys such as CHARLS are effective methods for testing the most accurate models, however, further research using professional clinical input could further advance the field.

Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2023: An Updated Summary

Since 1990, China has made considerable progress in resolving the problem of “treatment difficulty” of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalent unhealthy lifestyle among Chinese residents has exposed a massive proportion of the population to CVD risk factors, and this situation is further worsened due to the accelerated aging population in China. CVD remains one of the greatest threats to the health of Chinese residents. In terms of the proportions of disease mortality among urban and rural residents in China, CVD has persistently ranked first. In 2021, CVD accounted for 48.98% and 47.35% of deaths in rural and urban areas, respectively. Two out of every five deaths can be attributed to CVD. To implement a national policy “focusing on the primary health institute and emphasizing prevention” and truly achieve a shift of CVD prevention and treatment from hospitals to communities, the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases has organized experts from relevant fields across China to compile the “Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China” annually since 2005. The 2024 report is established based on representative, published, and high-quality big-data research results from cross-sectional and cohort population epidemiological surveys, randomized controlled clinical trials, large sample registry studies, and typical community prevention and treatment cases, along with data from some projects undertaken by the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases. These firsthand data not only enrich the content of the current report but also provide a more timely and comprehensive reflection of the status of CVD prevention and treatment in China.

The prevalence and risk factors associated with hypertension subtypes among ethnic Dai adults in rural China

This study was conducted from June to September 2020 and conducted a population-based study of 2149 rural Dai residents aged 50 years or above in Xishuangbanna. The definition of hypertension was a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or a current treatment plan with an antihypertensive medication. High blood pressure (HBP) included the following subtypes: SDH, ISH and IDH. All participants were interviewed, had physical examinations performed, and had blood pressure measurements taken. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to analyse the risk factors forhypertension. The prevalence of HBP was 43.2 %. The subtype-specific prevalence of hypertension was 16.5 % for SDH, 24.2 % for ISH and 2.5 % for IDH. Among hypertensive participants, 38.2 % were SDH, 56.0 % were ISH and 5.8 % were IDH. Older age is a risk factor for HBP and ISH. Obesity, smoking, drinking and history of hypertension are risk factors for HBP and its subtypes including SDH and ISH (OR >1). Among all the hypertensive participants, only 25.0 % of the participants were aware of their hypertension while 34.7 % of SDH participants, 20.0 % of ISH participants and 9.3 % of IDH participants knew the individual subtype of hypertension. Among Dai people, the prevalence of hypertension is high, while the awareness and the rate of adequate treatment of hypertension is low. ISH stood out as the most prevalent type ofHBP among the rural elderly. Rising ageing population in China, ISH remains an important public health problem and a challenging management issue in rural China.

Home‐based elderly care development in Hebei Province, China: A systematic literature review

AbstractHebei, one of China's most populous provinces, is facing increasing pressure on its elderly care services due to a rapidly aging population. Home‐Based Elderly Care (HBEC) has emerged as a potential solution to alleviate this pressure. However, this care model is significantly impacted by various external environmental changes. The study employed a literature analysis method, conducting a PEST analysis, to examine the environmental factors influencing the progress of HBEC in Hebei Province, China. The findings offer novel research perspectives to inform strategic development in the HBEC industry. The study identified 19 environmental factors, both favorable and adverse, shaping the development of HBEC in Hebei Province. Based on these findings, the study recommends integrating laws, regulations, and systems, clarifying government roles, optimizing funding structure, expanding service delivery channels, enhancing public awareness of elderly care, and broadening professional talent development pathways. These insights can be valuable for policymakers, educators, and researchers seeking to understand the challenges and opportunities in the field, ultimately improving the well‐being of China's elderly population.

Predicting all-cause mortality and premature death using interpretable machine learning among a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population

ObjectiveTo develop machine learning-based prediction models for all-cause and premature mortality among the middle-aged and elderly population in China. MethodAdults aged 45 years or older at baseline of 2011 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. The stacked ensemble model was built utilizing five selected machine learning algorithms. These models underwent training and testing using the CHARLS 2011–2015 cohort (derivation cohort) and subsequently underwent external validation using the CHARLS 2015–2018 cohort (validation cohort). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was introduced to quantify the importance of risk factors and explain machine learning algorithms. ResultIn derivation cohort, a total of 10,677 subjects were included, 478 died during the follow-up. The stacked ensemble model demonstrated the highest efficacy in terms of its discrimination capability for predicting all-cause mortality and premature death, with an AUC[95 % CI] of 0.826[0.792–0.859] and 0.773[0.725–0.821], respectively. In validation cohort, the corresponding AUC[95 % CI] were 0.803[0.743–0.864] and 0.791[0.719–0.863], respectively. Risk factors including age, sex, self-reported health, activities of daily living, cognitive function, ever smoker, levels of systolic blood pressure, Cystatin C and low density lipoprotein were strong predictors for both all-cause mortality and premature death. ConclusionStacked ensemble models performed well in predicting all-cause and premature death in this Chinese cohort. Interpretable techniques can aid in identifying significant risk factors and non-linear relationships between predictors and mortality.

J-shaped relationship between Chinese visceral adiposity index and hyperuricemia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundRecent years have seen the emergence of numerous novel indicators for visceral obesity. This study investigates the potential correlation between the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) and hyperuricemia (HUA).MethodsThis research, derived from a 2011 cross-sectional analysis in Dalian, China, employed restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots to identify inflection points. Subsequently, one-way and multifactorial logistic regression models were utilized, with HUA as the outcome variable. Additionally, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted. Eventually, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to assess the effectiveness of CVAI and other body composition indices in predicting HUA.ResultsThe study included 10,061 individuals, with a HUA prevalence of 14.25%. Significant relationships with HUA were observed for CVAI. RCS analysis revealed a J-shaped relationship between CVAI and HUA. Compared to those in the low CVAI category, HUA was notably associated with individuals in the high CVAI category in multifactorial logistic regression (OR = 2.661, 95% CI: 2.323, 3.047). Subgroup analyses demonstrated stronger relationships in women, participants without hypertension, and participants without diabetes. Additional modeling via ROC curves suggested that the CVAI may offer effective predictive value for HUA.ConclusionThis study confirmed that an elevated CVAI elevates the risk of HUA in middle-aged and elderly populations in the Dalian community. The findings advance obesity prevention strategies that mitigate HUA risk and support healthcare initiatives for China's aging population.

Can the implementation of the smart city pilot policy improve the social adaptive health and mental health of middle-aged and elderly people? Evidence from China

With the accelerating pace of population aging in China and the implementation of the smart city pilot policy, whether the middle-aged and elderly population can integrate and adapt to this “smart” society has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved. In this context, exploring the impact of smart city pilot policies on the social adaptation health and mental health of middle-aged and elderly people has become a top priority for China to implement a national strategy to actively respond to population aging. Thus, based on panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for the years 2011, 2013, and 2015, this study employs the difference-in-differences (DID) method to investigate whether the smart city pilot policy can improve the social adaptive health and mental health of middle-aged and elderly people and to explore in depth the mechanism of its influence. The study finds that compared with non-pilot cities, the social adaptive health and mental health of middle-aged and elderly people in smart cities improve by 0.6% and 2.2%, respectively. The mechanism effect study shows that the smart city pilot policy can improve the mental health of the middle-aged and the elderly through the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the enhancement of human capital. Furthermore, for the social adaptive health of middle-aged and elderly individuals, the smart city pilot policy can only make improvements through the enhancement of human capital. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of smart city pilot policies on social adaptive health is more pronounced in the middle-aged group than in the elderly group.

The impact of multiple discrimination on labor misallocation of China: Based on fsQCA method.

Discrimination in the labor market hinders efficient labor allocation, impeding socio-economic health. With the rapid population aging in China, addressing multifaceted discrimination to enhance labor allocation efficiency emerges as a crucial area of research. To explore the relationship between five types of discrimination (age, gender, hukou, educational background, and occupation) and labor misallocation, this paper based on intersectionality theory, employs the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method to conduct a configurational analysis of data from China. The research findings indicate that none of the five forms of discrimination can be deemed a necessary condition for achieving high-level labor misallocation. The study identifies five distinct pathways of multiple discrimination to form high-level labor misallocation, which can be classified into four interaction modes: age-hukou, gender-hukou, gender-occupation, and age-gender-educational background. Meanwhile, there are four configuration paths for the absence of labor misallocation. This study reveals the intricate mechanisms by which multiple forms of discrimination contribute to labor misallocation in China's labor market, and provides valuable insights for addressing employment discrimination and improving the efficiency of labor allocation.

Blue paper on Alzheimer's disease in China(simplified version)

With the population aging in China, the prevalence and mortality rate of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been rising in China. AD has become one of the major threats to people's health and social sustainable development. In order to support the Healthy China Initiative and promote health in China, "Chinese Alzheimer's Disease Blue Book (Simplified Edition)"(refer to as the Blue Book) was compiled by experts and scholars from the National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; the National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; the National Health Commission Capacity Building and Continuing Education Center; and the China Population and Development Research Center. The epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment status, prevention and treatment management of AD and related cognitive disorders in China were systematically reviewed in the Blue Paper, aiming to provide references for the prevention of AD, provide support for the standardized diagnosis and treatment of the disease, and provide a reference for the government to formulate relevant health policies. Specifically, the Blue Book covers the following topics of AD and related cognitive disorders: (1)epidemiology characteristics; (2)economic burden; (3)influencing factors; (4)China Brain Cognitive Health Index; (5) diagnosis status; (6)treatment status; (7)construction of national center for cognitive disorders;(8)community-based prevention and control; (9) AD patients care; (10)public health resources for prevention and control.

Distribution and Drug Resistance Characteristics of Pathogenic Bacteria in the Elderly Population in China in 2021

To study the distribution and drug resistance characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in the elderly population of China by collecting and analyzing the standardized case data on the pathogens of infections in elderly patients, and to facilitate the establishment of a standardized layered surveillance system for pathogenic bacteria in China. We collected the case data of elderly patients (≥65 years old) from 62 sentinel hospitals across the country in 2021. Then, we statistically analyzed the data by patient age, their geographical region, the distribution of pathogenic bacteria, and the drug resistance characteristics of main pathogens. A total of 3468 cases from across the country were included in the study. The top three sources of patients were the intensive care unit (13.2%), the department of respiratory medicine (11.2%), and the department of general surgery (8.4%). The top three types of specimens were urine (25.5%), sputum (20.6%), and blood (18.7%). A total of 3468 strains of pathogens were isolated, among which, 78.9% were gram-negative bacteria and 21.1% were gram-positive bacteria. The top five types of bacteria were Escherichia coli (20.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.0%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (7.0%). The isolation rates of common important drug-resistant bacteria were 38.0% for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 68.7% for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and 38.2% for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), 20.1% for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), 5.2% for carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRECO), and 2.1% for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). There were differences in the isolation rates of CRAB and CRKP in clinical care in the elderly population in seven geographical regions of China (P<0.05). Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most important pathogen in the elderly population ≥85 years old, and the isolation rates of CRKP showed significant differences in different age groups (P<0.05). There are significant differences in the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the elderly populations of different regions and age groups in China. Therefore, monitoring the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the elderly population and formulating targeted treatment plans according to the characteristics of the specific regions and age groups are of great significance to the improvement in the treatment outcomes and prognosis of the elderly population.

Study on the relationship between berry, grape, red wine consumption and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly people in China.

Some evidence suggests that fruit and alcohol consumption may be related to cognitive impairment. This study conducted a cross-sectional study on the "correlation between eating habits and cognitive function of the middle-aged and elderly population in China." The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between fruit consumption, drinking habits and cognitive impairment in Chinese people over 50 years old. The results show that the protective factors of cognitive impairment are the preference for berries and the daily intake of 100-200 grams grapes in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people with objective cognitive unimpaired. The habit of drinking red wine is a protective factor for cognitive impairment in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, this study did not find the relationship between white wine, beer, yellow rice wine, liquor and cognitive impairment. Therefore, we believe that berries, grapes and red wine consumption can protect the cognitive function of the middle-aged and elderly people in China, and the protective function is related to the basic cognitive state.