Elastic Physical Properties Research Articles

Radiation synthesis of pH-sensitive 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate/ polyethylene oxide/ZnS nanocomposite hydrogel membrane for wound dressing application

The popularity of hydrogel membrane as wound dressing lies in its elastic physical properties and the ability to encapsulate drug particles with improved properties to meet the diverse pH-sensitive hydrogel for wound dressing materials. A pH-sensitive hydrogel membrane that consists of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate/polyethylene oxide (DMAEM/PEO) in the ratio of (50:50% v/v) was crosslinked by γ-irradiation at a dose of 20 kGy. The combination of ZnS nanoparticles with (DMAEM/PEO) hydrogel loaded individually and with three antibiotic drugs such as colistin (C), gentamicin (G), and neomycin (N), is a simple and effective approach for enhancing their antimicrobial activities. The novelty is superior to the antimicrobial properties of the three common antimicrobials (C, G, and N) drugs in wound dressing hydrogel membranes due to the hybrid of ZnS nanoparticles with (DMAEM/PEO) hydrogel. The drug release rate experiments showed that (C) and (N) drugs were much more released at pH 4 than at pH 7, from (33% and 99%) to (24% and 70%), respectively. In contrast, the release rate of G drug increased from 40% at pH 4 to 96% at pH 7. Furthermore, the drug release kinetics showed differential release parameters of the three drugs due to the probably intermolecular hydrogen bonds between them and hydrogels segments. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the three drugs loaded in (DMAEM/PEO)/ZnS hydrogel was tested against different bacterial and fungal strains of wound infections in in-vitro conditions. The antimicrobial experiments showed that ZnS NPs assisted in increasing the bactericidal drugs’ activity of (C, G, and N) compared to control antimicrobial agents (AX/Nyst.). The (DMAEM/PEO)/ZnS loaded by neomycin (BNZ) hydrogel had high antimicrobial activity, initiating their action by wrapping and adhesion at the exterior surface of the pathogenic microbe cell, producing membrane destruction and changing transport potential.

The State of the Atomic Lattice of Structure Materials: Pre NDE Indication Assessments

The lattice of structural alloys possesses electronic characteristics which offer NDE predictions of potential failures in materials and structural assemblies. The atomic lattice represents a periodic potential which provide electronic wave descriptions that appear to be free. Any distortion in the periodic lattice (potentials) will achieve electronic and/or elastic interactions giving advance NDE waves tools possibility to assess stability of engineering materials at the atomic level during service life. Furthermore, the small dimensional defects (i.e. dislocations and interfaces) will produce steep potential gradients resulting in electronic and / or elastic physical properties changes that can be also measured. These collective potential and electronics signatures could be used as pre NDE lattice indications to produce awareness of potential degradations (i.e. susceptibility of fatigue, strain enhanced corrosion and cracking). The proper selection, utilization and assessment will increase both reliability and the NDE economics. A new approach to the next generation of nondestructive evaluations based on the electronic and elastic wave signals and analyses will be presented.