Elastase Inhibitory Activity Research Articles

Volatile profile of Astragalus sinicus L. flowers by GC×GC-TOF-MS and evaluation of nutraceutical and nutricosmetic potential of the flower extracts

The aroma property and nutraceutical capacity are two crucial characteristics for the acceptance of edible flowers. The volatile profile of the Chinese milk vetch flowers (CMVF) was investigated using HS-SPME-GC × GC-TOF-MS for the first time. A total of 279 compounds were identified by the two-dimensional gas chromatography technology, including 46 alcohols, 45 aldehydes, 54 esters, 39 ketones, 66 hydrocarbons, 9 phenols, and 20 other compounds, with pentadecanal (14.35%) revealed to be the major volatile component. Meanwhile, The five CMVF extracts were evaluated for their phytochemical composition and biological activity. The antioxidant activity assay indicated that the ethanol extract of CMVF revealed the highest scavenging capacity against DPPH radicals with IC50 of 384 μg/mL, the ethyl acetate extracts of CMVF revealed the strongest scavenging capacity against ABTS·+ (IC50 = 140.83 μg/mL) and ·OH (IC50 = 14.25 μg/mL). In addition, the water extracts of CMVF inhibited tyrosinase activity through mixed type and the alcohol extracts of CMVF inhibited elastase activity through competitive type. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the bioactivity of the CMVF extracts were significantly impacted by TPC (total phenolic content) and TFC (total flavonoids content). These results suggested that CMVF extracts exhibited great potential for functional foods and cosmetics utilization due to its promising nutraceutical and nutricosmetic properties.

ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THYMUS CANOVIRIDIS JALAS AND THYMUS SIPYLEUS BOISS.

Objective: Members of the Lamiaceae family are considered to be major sources of bioactive therapeutic agents. Many of them are important medicinal and aromatic plants used in traditional and modern medicine and in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to investigate in detail the biological activities and chemical composition of the essential oils of Thymus canoviridis Jalas and Thymus sipyleus Boiss. species belonging to the genus Thymus, one of the most important genera of the Lamiaceae family. Material and Method: The essential oil content of the species was determined by GC-MS. Antioxidant activities of the essential oils were determined using lipid peroxidation, DPPH free radical, ABTS cation radical and CUPRAC methods. In addition, cytotoxic activities against breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines and anticholinesterase (against AChE and BChE enzymes), urease, tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activities were determined. Result and Discussion: When the essential oil composition of T. sipyleus was analyzed, the major compounds were 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (18.16%), camphor (15.08%) and endo-borneol (11.63%), while T. canoviridis was found to be rich in carvacrol (72.88%). T. canoviridis showed high antioxidant activity in lipid peroxidation (IC50: 45.72±0.12 μg/ml), ABTS (IC50: 6.12±0.03 μg/ml) and CUPRAC (IC50: 5.31±0.01 μg/ml) methods. The selectivities of T. canoviridis and T. sipyleus species against MCF-7 cell line were 4.39 and 6.81, respectively. In the enzyme inhibition studies, both Thymus species showed moderate inhibition activity against BChE enzyme (Inhibition%: 57.88±1.14, 39.21±0.89, respectively). In addition, T. sipyleus showed moderate inhibition of elastase enzyme (Inhibition%: 25.33±0.79). When the results are evaluated in general, it can be said that T. canoviridis essential oil with its rich carvacrol content and high cytotoxic and antioxidant activity can be preferred as a safer and natural option instead of synthetic preservatives in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries to extend shelf life and ensure food safety.

Enhancement of high-density lipoprotein-associated protease inhibitor activity prevents atherosclerosis progression

Background and aimsInflammatory cells within atherosclerotic lesions secrete proteolytic enzymes that contribute to lesion progression and destabilization, increasing the risk for an acute cardiovascular event. Elastase is a serine protease, secreted by macrophages and neutrophils, that may contribute to the development of unstable plaque. We previously reported interaction of endogenous protease-inhibitor proteins with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), including alpha-1-antitrypsin, an inhibitor of elastase. These findings support a potential role for HDL as a modulator of protease activity. In this study, we test the hypothesis that enhancement of HDL-associated elastase inhibitor activity is protective against atherosclerotic lesion progression. MethodsWe designed an HDL-targeting protease inhibitor (HTPI) that binds to HDL and confers elastase inhibitor activity. Lipoprotein binding and the impact of HTPI on atherosclerosis were examined using mouse models. Histology and immunofluorescence staining of aortic root sections were used to examine the impact of HTPI on lesion morphology and inflammatory features. ResultsHTPI is a small (1.6 kDa) peptide with an elastase inhibitor domain, a soluble linker, and an HDL-targeting domain. When incubated with human plasma ex vivo, HTPI predominantly binds to HDL. Intravenous administration of HTPI to mice resulted in its binding to plasma HDL and increased elastase inhibitor activity on isolated HDL. Accumulation of HTPI within plaque was observed after administration to Apoe−/− mice. To examine the effect of HTPI treatment on atherosclerosis, prevention and progression studies were performed using Ldlr−/− mice fed Western diet. In both study designs, HTPI-treated mice had reduced lipid deposition in plaque. ConclusionsThese data support the hypothesis that HDL-associated anti-elastase activity can improve the atheroprotective potential of HDL and highlight the potential utility of HDL enrichment with anti-protease activity as an approach for stabilization of atherosclerotic lesions.

Transdermal delivery of elastin peptide assisted by betaine-based deep eutectic solvent to ameliorate skin photoaging

The unique amino acid composition of elastin peptide (EP) makes it an excellent resource to obtain antioxidant peptides. It exhibits high elastase inhibitory activity with the potential to resist skin aging and is currently used in a many cosmetic products. However, the inherent low permeability of the skin limits its ability to penetrate the skin. To address this issue, a deep eutectic solvent (SAB) with excellent bioactivity was synthesized from betaine and succinic acid and used as a permeation enhancer to improve the absorption and utilization of EP in this paper. The results showed that low SAB concentrations significantly increased the transdermal delivery of EP. The 3D epidermal skin model (EpiKutis®) demonstrated that SAB/EP induced the synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) and filaggrin (FLG), accelerated skin barrier repair, and reduced water loss. Additionally, the zebrafish embryonic model showed that SAB/EP could reduce melanin secretion, decrease melanin deposition, and have an ameliorative effect on skin photoaging. Cellular experiments proved that SAB/EP can stimulate human skin fibroblasts to secrete procollagen I and elastin, improving skin elasticity and anti-wrinkle. The combination of EP and DES is a new attempt that is expected to be used as a safe and effective anti-wrinkle cosmetic material.

Anti-wrinkle and Antioxidant Effects of Elderflower (Sambucus nigra) Water Extract as a Functional Ingredient of Cosmetics

Purpose: This study examined the potential of elderflower (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) water extract (SNE) as a cosmetic material by evaluating its anti-wrinkle, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects.Methods: We determined the antioxidant effect of SNE by measuring its 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical–scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and determined the anti-wrinkle effect of SNE by measuring its elastase inhibition activity. In addition, we assayed the viability of B16-F10 mouse melanoma and CCD-986sk human dermal fibroblast cells in the presence of SNE.Results: SNE showed a DPPH radical–scavenging activity of 77%, 76.4%, and 75.2% at a concentration of 1000, 500, and 250 μg/mL, respectively, and SOD-like activity of 78%, 70%, and 66% at a concentration of 200, 100, and 50 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, 500 μg/mL of SNE exhibited 48% elastase inhibition activity. Furthermore, B16-F10 cells showed a viability of 118%, 115%, and 109% when treated with 200, 100, and 50 μg/mL of SNE, respectively, and CCD-986sk cells showed high cell viability when treated with 200, 100, and 50 μg/mL of SNE.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that SNE has excellent antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effects, confirming its high applicability as a functional cosmetic material.

Neutrophils insert elastase into hepatocytes to regulate calcium signaling in alcohol-associated hepatitis.

Neutrophil infiltration occurs in a variety of liver diseases, but it is unclear how neutrophils and hepatocytes interact. Neutrophils generally use granule proteases to digest phagocytosed bacteria and foreign substances or neutralize them in neutrophil extracellular traps. In certain pathological states, granule proteases play a destructive role against the host as well. More recently, nondestructive actions of neutrophil granule proteins have been reported, such as modulation of tissue remodeling and metabolism. Here, we report a completely different mechanism by which neutrophils act nondestructively, by inserting granules directly into hepatocytes. Specifically, elastase-containing granules were transferred to hepatocytes where elastase selectively degraded intracellular calcium channels to reduce cell proliferation without cytotoxicity. In response, hepatocytes increased expression of Serpin E2 and A3, which inhibited elastase activity. Elastase insertion was seen in patient specimens of alcohol-associated hepatitis, and the relationship between elastase-mediated ITPR2 degradation and reduced cell proliferation was confirmed in mouse models. Moreover, neutrophils from patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis were more prone to degranulation and more potent in reducing calcium channel expression than neutrophils from healthy individuals. This nondestructive and reversible action on hepatocytes defines a previously unrecognized role for neutrophils in the transient regulation of epithelial calcium signaling mechanisms.

Protective Effects of the Postbiotic Levilactobacillus brevis BK3 against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage in Skin Cells.

Postbiotics have various functional effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity. Levilactobacillus brevis BK3, the subject of this study, was derived from lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food. The antioxidant activity of BK3 was confirmed through the measurements of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The wrinkle improvement effect was validated by assessing elastase inhibitory activity and collagenase inhibitory activity. The intracellular activity was confirmed using human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human fibroblasts (HFF-1). BK3 protects skin cells from oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, the expressions of the antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were upregulated. Meanwhile, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), involved in collagen degradation and synthesis, were significantly regulated. These results suggest the possibility of utilizing BK3 as a functional ingredient with antioxidant and wrinkle-improving effects.

Enhancing the Antioxidant, Anti-tyrosinase and Anti-elastase Activity of Pigmented Rice Extracts by Sonication, Heating, Enzyme Digestion and Fermentation

In the modern cosmetics industry, there exists a major trend for replacement of synthetic chemicals with plant-based ingredients in skincare formulation. This research aimed to assess the efficiency of different methods to extract bioactive compounds (as measured by total phenolic content; TPC and total flavonoid content; TFC) responsible for three important cosmeceutical properties (antioxidation, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-elastase) from selected rice grains. The grains of two varieties of purplish-black rice (Neaw Leum Pua; NLP) and black rice (Hom Nil; HN) were extracted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and then supplementary treated with sonication, heating, and proteolytic enzyme digestion or fermented with Aspergillus niger. The results showed that sonication slightly enhanced TPC and TFC, but significantly increased antioxidant capacity and anti-tyrosinase activity. The high temperature of 60℃ and 100℃ significantly increased antioxidant capacity based on FRAP assay but reduced that based on DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anti-tyrosinase activity was enhanced by high temperature but that of anti-elastase was inhibited. The addition of papain to the seed extracts slightly enhanced anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase activity. Notably, fermented rice grains exhibited much greater yields of TPC and TFC, and higher biochemical activities than other methods. The fermented rice exhibited the highest TFC after 3 days; the highest TPC, antioxidant capacity, and tyrosinase inhibition after 6 days; and the highest elastase inhibition activity after 9 days. Therefore, fermentation was the most promising technique to enhance all three desirable properties for cosmetic ingredients when pigmented rice was used as the raw material.

The potential benefits of Oreochromis mossambicus derived hydrophobic peptides in protecting the skin against UVA-induced damage

This study explores the bioactive properties of peptide fractions obtained from tilapia fish scale collagen peptide, with a focus on their potential for skincare applications. Peptide fraction F5 demonstrated significant anti-UVA activity by effectively reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting elastase activity. Analysis of amino acid composition revealed a high concentration of specific amino acids in F5, suggesting antioxidant and elastase inhibitory actions. Moreover, compared to conventional antioxidants, F5 exhibited superior efficacy in scavenging free radicals such as ROS. In vitro studies demonstrated F5's ability to promote fibroblast proliferation and migration, contributing to cell repair and tissue regeneration. Mechanistic insights revealed F5's downregulation of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-12 expression, which helps preserve collagen and elastin. Peptide identification and molecular docking analysis provided further understanding of F5's inhibitory mechanism against MMP-12. Overall, these findings indicate the potential of F5 in skincare products and functional foods, offering protection against UVA-induced damage and promoting skin health.

Volatiles from French and Croatian Sea Fennel Ecotypes: Chemical Profiles and the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiageing Activity of Essential Oils and Hydrolates.

Sea fennel is a halophytic plant rich in valuable nutritional components and is characterized by pleasant organoleptic properties. While its essential oils (EOs) are well investigated, there are no reports on the volatiles from their corresponding hydrolates, which are the main by-products of EO isolation, as well as on their biological activity. Therefore, the composition and biological activities of EOs and corresponding hydrolates of sea fennel from Atlantic (French, FRA) and Mediterranean (Croatian, CRO) ecotypes were investigated and compared. The EO from the CRO sample was characterized by an abundance of sabinene and limonene, while that from the FRA ecotype was rich in dillapiol and carvacryl methyl ether. The CRO hydrolate was rich in terpinen-4-ol and 10-(acetylmethyl)-3-carene, while dillapiol, thymyl methyl ether and γ-terpinene were the main compounds in the FRA sea fennel hydrolate. The biological activities of the EOs and hydrolates were evaluated for their antioxidant (with DPPH, NO, FRAP and ORAC bioassays), antimicrobial (against some Gram+ and Gram- spoilage bacteria) and antiageing (tyrosinase, elastase and collagenase inhibition) activities. Both EOs showed low reducing powers and antiradical activities while the ability of both hydrolates to quench NO was slightly higher (35-39% if inhibition). The FRA EO showed low activity against Staphylococcus aureus (8 mm), while CRO moderately inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa (8 mm), but strongly inhibited the other two bacterial strains. While the French EO showed no antityrosinase and anticollagenase activity, the Croatian oil significantly inhibited both enzymes (IC50 of 650 µg/mL and IC50 of 2570 µg/mL, respectively) probably due to the dominance of limonene and sabinene. Neither EO exhibited antielastase properties, while the hydrolates from both ecotypes showed no antiageing activity, regardless of the enzyme tested. The EOs from the aerial parts of sea fennel from FRA and CRO differed greatly in composition, resulting in different activities. The Croatian samples appeared to have better biological properties and are therefore good candidates for applications as preservatives or antiageing agents.

Content analysis, nanoparticle forming potential and acaricidal effects on Tick (Hyalomma marginatum) of essential oils from two common Thymbra species

In this study, the fatty acid, essential oil and aroma composition of Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. & Aznav. subsp. sintenisii Bornm. & Aznav (TSS) and Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. & Azn. subsp. isaurica P.H.Davis (TSI) were determined by GC-MS. The cytotoxic activity was determined with MTT assay and antioxidant activities were determined with DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC methods. Urease, acetyl, butyryl, angiotensin, α-amylase, tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase enzyme inhibition activities of these species were also determined. The acaricidal effects of essential oils from aerial parts of TSS and TSI on ticks and the nanoparticle formation potential of their essential oils with AgNO3 were determined and compared. The main components of TSS essential oil and aroma were determined as carvacrol and o-cemen (66.78 and 35.44%, respectively), the major components of TSI essential oil and aroma were carvacrol and γ-terpinene (63.78 and 31.44%, respectively). The species exhibited remarkably high antioxidant activity, particularly in the ABTS and CUPRAC methods. It was also determined that the butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activities (Inhibition%: 76.12±0.83 and 74.13±0.33, respectively) of the species were quite high. Moderate antimicrobial activity against the bacteria was observed for both essential oils, with MIC values ranging from 312 to 1250 μg/mL. Moreover, essential oils of these species showed good acaricidal activity on Hyalomma marginatum (LC50: 11.82 μg/mL for TSS; LC50: 57.64 μg/mL for TSI). The high antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and acaracidal activities observed in both species are attributed to the presence of carvacrol in their essential oils. The species have potential to be used in food supplements-preservatives, pharmaceutical industry.

Lactobacillus brevis 발효가 참꽃마리(Trigonotis radicans var. sericeas) 에탄올 추출물의 항산화, 미백 및 주름 개선 활성에 미치는 영향

This study was designed to compare the effects on antioxidant, whitening, and anti-wrinkle improvement of 60% ethanol extracts from Trigonotis radicans var. sericea (TR) and Lactobacillus brevis-fermented T. radicans var. sericea (FTR). The total phenolics contents of TR was 18.6 mg/g, and FTR was 18.2 mg/g. The HPLC analysis confirmed more phenolic compounds were produced in FTR by bioconversion than in TR. The FTR showed higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than TR. The results of the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay, FTR and TR showed higher activity than BHT (positive control). The FTR (1.21-1.29 PF) showed higher antioxidant protection factor (PF) activity than the TR (1.15-1.22 PF) and showed higher tyrosinase, collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities. This results showed L. brevis-fermentation of Trigonotis radicans var. sericea changed the composition profile and has effects on antioxidant, whitening and anti-wrinkle improvement.

GLGPGVG derived from bovine elastin repairs UV‐induced photoaging in human foreskin fibroblasts and its potential bioavailability

AbstractStudies have indicated the potential of oral elastin hydrolysates in repairing photoaging skin. To reveal the underlying mechanism, this study examined how two elastin‐derived peptides (Gly‐Leu‐Gly‐Pro‐Gly‐Val‐Gly [GLGPGVG] and Pro‐Tyr [PY]) repair ultraviolet (UV)‐induced damage in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and explored their digestive stability using UPLC‐MS/MS. Results showed that UV‐damaged HFFs treated with GLGPGVG showed higher superoxide dismutases (SOD) activity and cell viability compared with PY treatment. Furthermore, GLGPGVG even reversed UV‐induced increase in reactive oxygen species, MMP‐12 (elastase), elastin mRNA and intercellular Ca2+ levels, and decrease in elastin content. Intriguingly, in vitro digestion products from GLGPGVG retained approximately 60% of elastase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, a portion of GLGPGVG was observed to pass through the Caco‐2 monolayer intact. These findings revealed that elastin‐derived peptide GLGPGVG holds promise for passing through the gastrointestinal tract and exerting protective effects against photoaging through increasing SOD activity and inhibiting MMP‐12 expression.

Ebselen analogues with dual human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitory and antiradical activity.

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) plays an essential role in host defense against bacteria but is also involved in several respiratory diseases. Recent reports suggest that compounds exhibiting a combination of HNE inhibitory activity with antiradical properties may be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of respiratory diseases involving inflammation and oxidative stress. We report here the synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ebselen analogues exhibiting HNE inhibitory and antiradical activities. HNE inhibition was evaluated in an enzymatic system using human HNE, whereas antiradical activity was evaluated in a cell-based assay system using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated murine bone marrow leukocytes as the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HNE inhibition was due to the N-CO group targeting Ser195-OH at position 2 of the scaffold, while antiradical activity was due to the presence of the selenium atom. The most active compounds 4d, 4f, and 4j exhibited a good balance between anti-HNE (IC50 = 0.9-1.4 μM) and antiradical activity (IC50 = 0.05-0.7 μM). Additionally, the solid-state structure of 4d was determined and compared to that of the similar compound N-propionyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one.

Garcinia dulcis and Garcinia forbesii King fruit peel extract: Secondary metabolite composition, antioxidant, and elastase inhibitory activity evaluation.

Garcinia dulcis and Garcinia forbesii King are native plants from Indonesia and have tremendous potential as a source of raw medicines based on local wisdom. However, scientific data for strengthening pharmaceuticals are still limited. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study to strengthen and develop the potential of both plants using the approach of traditional medicine. This study aimed to explore the secondary metabolite composition and biological activity (antioxidant and antielastase) of both plants. Both samples were extracted using 70% ethanol and microwave-assisted extraction with a microwave power of 120 watts for 15 min. The extract obtained was then screened for phytochemicals using specific reagents. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using spectrophotometry with a 96-well microplate reader method. The total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using the colorimetric method, whereas metabolite profiling analysis was conducted using the UPLC-QToF-MS/MS system. Meanwhile, biological activity was tested for antioxidant activity and antielastase as measured by a microplate reader 96-well spectrophotometry method at specific wavelengths. According to the results, G. dulcis and G. forbesii fruit peel extracts showed positive detection of particular secondary metabolites. TPC and TFC values were 13.98 ± 1.90 mg GAE/g and 10.33 ± 1.90 mg QE/g for G. dulcis and 11.98 ± 2.04 mgGAE/g and 1.96 ± 0.36 mgQE/g for G. forbesii. Metabolite profiling detected some compounds from G. dulcis, including ephedrannin B, hinokiflavone, mahuannin J, and candidate mass C9H12O8, and G. forbesii, including 5-Hydroxy-7,8,2'- trimethoxyflavone, lucialdehyde B, candidate mass C21H39NO4, candidate mass C14H10O6, and candidate mass C14H12O6. Meanwhile, the biological activities (antioxidant and antielastase) were 137.721 μg/mL and 108.893 μg/mL for G. dulcis and 481.948 μg/mL and 250.611 μg/mL for G. forbesii, respectively. Both plants showed different profiles of secondary metabolites and biological activities (antioxidant and antielastase) according to their respective characteristics.

이너뷰티 소재로서 자몽, 레몬 에센셜 오일의 미용관련 생리활성 평가 및 가치성 고찰 연구

This study attempted to assess the physiological activities of grapefruit and lemon essential oils as inner beauty materials and review their values, and the results found the followings. According to the measurement of antioxidant substances, grapefruit essential oil and lemon essential oil were 56.89 mg TAE/g and 38.50 mg TAE/g respectively in terms of total polyphenol content and 83.53 mg QE/g and 97.79 mg QE/g each in terms of total flavonoid content. In antioxidant activities, grapefruit essential oil and lemon essential oil were 99.10% and 91.33% respectively in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activities and 53.11% and 47.33% each in terms of ABTS radical scavenging activities. In enzyme activities, grapefruit essential oil and lemon essential oil were 206.75% and 310.18% respectively in terms of tyrosinase inhibitory activities and 125.57% and 97.09% each in terms of elastase inhibitory activities. The above results have confirmed that grapefruit and lemon essential oils are valuable as inner beauty materials.

Anti-Aging Properties of Temulawak Extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza L.) by In Vitro Assay

Highlights:1. Elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase can all be inhibited by temulawak extract.2. Temulawak extract has strong anti-aging ability and can be used as a candidate for cosmetic applications. AbstractThe process of aging is the gradual loss of a tissue's capacity to heal and maintain normal or physiological form and function. Elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase are the enzymes that contribute to skin aging. The anti-aging effect is connected to the inhibition of these enzymes' activity. Many medicinal plants with active metabolite have been utilized extensively to treat aging. Active compounds of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza L.) such as phenolic, curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol have potential as antiaging. This study aims to determine whether temulawak extract (TE), a potential candidate for cosmeceutical agent, has anti-aging characteristics by inhibiting the elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase enzymes. TE was processedxby PT FAST. Stock solution of TE was made by dissolving 20 mg of extract with 1 ml of DMSO 100%, the stock solution was then diluted to achieve the concentrations level 31.25 - 1000 μg/ml working solution of TE. The antiaging activity assays were carried out at PT Aretha Medika Utama. In vitro antiaging assay of TE includes elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition at 7 level of various concentrations of 2.08-66.67 μg/ml for anti-elastase assay, 5.21-166.67 μg/ml for anti-hyaluronidase assay, and 3.125-100 μg/ml for anti-tyrosinase assay with three replications. SPSS software was used to conduct the statistical analysis (p<0,05 is considered significant). TE exhibited highest inhibition percentage of 82.72%, 89.41%, and 94.17% for anti-tyrosinase, anti-elastase, and anti-hyaluronidase, respectively. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) for elastase inhibitory activity was 10.66 μg/ml, hyaluronidase 70.39 μg/ml, and tyrosinase 55.87 μg/ml. According to this study, TE can be used as cosmeceu

Effect of Electron-Beam Irradiation on Functional Compounds and Biological Activities in Peanut Shells.

Peanut shells, rich in antioxidants, remain underutilized due to limited research. The present study investigated the changes in the functional compound content and skin aging-related enzyme inhibitory activities of peanut shells by electron-beam treatment with different sample states and irradiation doses. In addition, phenolic compounds in the peanut shells were identified and quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with ion mobility mass spectrometry-quadrupole time-of-flight and high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector, respectively. Total phenolic compound content in solid treatment gradually increased from 110.31 to 189.03 mg gallic acid equivalent/g as the irradiation dose increased. Additionally, electron-beam irradiation significantly increased 5,7-dihydroxychrome, eriodictyol, and luteolin content in the solid treatment compared to the control. However, liquid treatment was less effective in terms of functional compound content compared to the solid treatment. The enhanced functional compound content in the solid treatment clearly augmented the antioxidant activity of the peanut shells irradiated with an electron-beam. Similarly, electron-beam irradiation substantially increased collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities in the solid treatment. Mutagenicity assay confirmed the stability of toxicity associated with the electron-beam irradiation. In conclusion, electron-beam-irradiated peanut shells could serve as an important by-product with potential applications in functional cosmetic materials.

Dill Extract Preserves Dermal Elastic Fiber Network and Functionality: Implication of Elafin

Introduction: Elastic skin fibers lose their mechanical properties during aging due to enzymatic degradation, lack of maturation, or posttranslational modifications. Dill extract has been observed to increase elastin protein expression and maturation in a 3D skin model, to improve mechanical properties of the skin, to increase elastin protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells, to preserve aortic elastic lamella, and to prevent glycation. Objective: The aim of the study was to highlight dill actions on elastin fibers during aging thanks to elastase digestion model and the underlying mechanism. Methods: In this study, elastic fibers produced by dermal fibroblasts in 2D culture model were injured by elastase, and we observed the action of dill extract on elastic network by elastin immunofluorescence. Then action of dill extract was examined on mice skin by injuring elastin fibers by intradermal injection of elastase. Then elastin fibers were observed by second harmonic generation microscopy, and their functionality was evaluated by oscillatory shear stress tests. In order to understand mechanism by which dill acted on elastin fibers, enzymatic tests and real-time qPCR on cultured fibroblasts were performed. Results: We evidence in vitro that dill extract is able to prevent elastin from elastase digestion. And we confirm in vivo that dill extract treatment prevents elastase digestion, allowing preservation of the cutaneous elastic network in mice and preservation of the cutaneous elastic properties. Although dill extract does not directly inhibit elastase activity, our results show that dill extract treatment increases mRNA expression of the endogenous inhibitor of elastase, elafin. Conclusion: Dill extract can thus be used to counteract the negative effects of elastase on the cutaneous elastic fiber network through modulation of PI3 gene expression.

Evaluation of Physiological Activity of Traditional Welsh Onion (Allium fistulosum L.)

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate physiological activities, such as antioxidant activity and enzyme activity, of hot water extract of the four parts (flower, leaf and pseudostem, stem, and root) of traditional Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) and then to provide basic data on traditional Welsh onion to support future research.Methods: Four parts of traditional Welsh onion plant were extracted with water heated at 80℃. Antioxidative and enzymatic activities, such as total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline–6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, and the inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and elastase enzymes, were measured.Results: Out of the hot water extract of the different parts, Allium fistulosum flower (AFF) extract had the highest content of antioxidants. In the Allium fistulosum leaf and pseudostem (AFLP), Allium fistulosum stem (AFS), and Allium fistulosum root (AFR) extracts, the total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the root were high, and AFS had high total flavonoid content and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Regarding enzyme activity, α-glucosidase and elastase inhibitory activities were the highest in AFR, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was the highest in AFS.Conclusion: We confirmed the physiological activity of the hot water extract of four parts of traditional Welsh onion. Our findings provide basic data for research into traditional Welsh onion, and can facilitate its future development as a functional material.