El-Giza Governorate Research Articles

Mortality Rate Risk Factors in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in El Giza Governorate

Objective: This study aimed to determine the incidence of neonatal mortality percentage in NICUs in Giza Governorate hospitals for early prediction of the disease.

Physiological studies on eggplant (Solanum melongena) grown under drought conditions

Field experiment was conducted during the two growing seasons of 2019 and 2021, at Dokki region, El-Giza Governorate, Egypt, in order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation (DI) treatments: 100% (control), 70% and 50% of ETo (Reference evapotranspiration) and two irrigation systems: Surface drip irrigation (SDI) and Subsurface irrigation (SSI)porous pipe (20.0cm soil depth) on vegetative growth, chemical constituents, fruit yield and quality of eggplant plants (Cultivars : “Classic” “Swad Eleil”). Results revealed that, DI treatments significantly decreased the vegetative growth, total yield ,marketable yield, leaf relative water content (LRWC) and membrane stability index (MSI) of eggplant plants, compared to control treatment (100% ETₒ). While, water stress treatments improved leaves proline content, alkaloids and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). Using SSI (porous pipe) system significantly increased plant height, fresh weight, total yield, marketable fruit yield of eggplant, LRWC and MSI, “Classic” cv had the highest total yield and total marketable yield under the subsurface irrigation system compared to “Swad El-Layl”cv. Regarding, the effect of interaction between DI treatments and irrigation systems, the results illustrated that application of irrigation water with 100% ET0 by SSI system produced the highest significant values of vegetative growth, fruit yield.

Virological Diagnoses of Pesti des petitis Ruminants Virus in Sheep in Giza Governorate

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an intense and extremely contagious disease with high mortality in small ruminants resulting inconsiderable socio-economic impact in developing countries. Our study was established during the routine follow up in El-Giza governorate during 2019. A total number of 45 swabs, 40 sera samples and 15 post-mortem epithelial tissues were collected from sheep showing clinical signs suggestive for PPR.PPRVdetection was investigated using serological, pathological and RT-PCRdiagnosis tests.Serologically, PPRV antigens detection were 86%, 93.3%, 66.63% and 73.3% in the nasal, ocular, faecal swabs and different tissues samples, respectively. While, PPRV antibodies detection were 95% in the collected sera samples.Histopathologically, the lung showed severe bronchiectasis and syncytium formation with high accumulation of inflammatory cells. The liver exhibited necrosis with severe portal and central hypertension filled with inflammatory cells.The kidneys revealed severe atrophied glomeruli with destructed renal glomerular capillaries, hemorrhage in the glomeruli and renal tubules with thrombosis of blood vessels. Spleen revealed proliferation of central arterioles with periarteriolar proliferation of connective tissues and hypercellular red pulp with hemorrhage. The mouth commissures suffering from nodules and ulceration which exhibited microscopically multiple vesicles in the epidermis and dissociation of the epidermal and dermal layers filled with inflammatory cells and eosinophils with syncytium formation. A 448 bp band by RT-PCRwas obtained from all nasal and ocular samples, while 2 lung samples were negative for this test.Therefore, the results proved the presence of the disease in El-Giza governorate.

Irrigation scheduling for green beans grown in clay loam soil under a drip irrigation system

An experimental field trial was conducted at El-Ayat, El-Giza Governorate, Egypt (latitude 30°11´13"N, longitude 31°41´38"E, and mean altitude 74 m above sea level) during the growing season of 2017 and 2018. The study aimed to assess the suitable irrigation interval and applied water volume for drip-irrigated green beans, based on water production functions and water use–yield relationships. The field trial was arranged in a split-plot design with 3 irrigation intervals (F1, F2 and F3 irrigation events, once every 1, 2 and 3 days, respectively) and 3 irrigation regimes (I1: 1.00, I2: 0.80, and I3: 0.60 of the crop evapotranspiration, ETc). The results showed that the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increased with increasing irrigation interval. Maximum and minimum yield of 12 030 and 4 879 kg∙ha-1 were obtained in F1I2 and F3I3 treatment, respectively, in the winter season of 2017, and were 12 364 and 4 678 kg∙ha-1 for the corresponding treatments in the winter season of 2018. WUE ranged from 56.55 kg∙ha-1∙mm-1 in F1I2 to 23.80 kg∙ha-1∙mm-1 in F3I3. Plant growth parameters were significantly affected by the irrigation schedule. The highest plant growth parameters were obtained under F1 and F2. The seasonal yield response factors (ky) were 0.845 and 0.856 in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The relationship between yield and seasonal crop ET was best explained by a power function for all irrigation schedules for both growing seasons. It is recommended that the F1I2 irrigation treatment is the suitable one for green beans grown under field conditions, in order to achieve the highest yield and WUE.

Nursing interventions for School Age Children with Bronchial Asthma in a Rural Area

Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases among children and adolescents. In recent decades, the prevalence of asthma and morbidity are increasing. It is a common cause of school absenteeism and limitation of activity in children. Aim: the study aimed to evaluate nursing interventions for school age children with bronchial asthma in a rural area. Subject and Methods: The study was conducted at primary school in rural area in Saft El- Laban El Giza governorate. Sample: Multi stage random sample technique (76) asthmatic children were selected. Tools: (1) child health record (2) self administer questionnaire (3) observation checklists. Results: as predisposing factors, majority (more than four third) of them had of previous problem related to respiratory system, more than half of study sample exposed to father smoking, 96.1% of asthmatic children had oil painted on their walls more than half of them had animals inside their home and majority (more than four third) had suffered from mosquitoes inside the house more than three third of school class had Poor ventilation and four third of class had blackboard and Study sample had improved total knowledge of asthma near one third, more than three third, about four third pre, post, and follow up respectively. Conclusion: there were improved the knowledge and practices of asthmatic children after nursing intervention program. Recommendations: the study recommended establish plan for periodical health educational program for asthmatic school children and their mothers to be conducted in inpatient, emergency department and outpatient clinics.

Awareness of Gynecologists and Mothers about Role of Physical Therapy in the Treatment of Rectus Diastasis Cases

Abstract Background: Diastasis recti are acondition in which the rectus abdominis muscle separates in the mid line at the linea alba. The diastasis is defined as a gap between the recti abdominis muscles of greater than 2.5cm. The separation of the linea alba may occur during pregnancy or in the expulsive stage of labor. Aim of Study: Was to investigate awareness of gynecolo-gists and mothers about role of physical therapy in treating rectus diastasis cases. Subjects and Methods: Group (A) two hundred gynecol-ogists and Group (B) five hundred mothers (from different hospitals in El-Giza Governorate), were participated in this study. They were asked to answer all questions of gynecolo-gist's questionnaire and mother's questionnaire respectively. Gynecologist's questionnaire to evaluate the awareness of gynecologists about the role of physical therapy in treatment of rectus diastasis. Mother's questionnaire to evaluate the awareness of mothers about the role of physical therapy in treatment of rectus diastasis. The questionnaires were devised based on the literature review to elicit evidence about the awareness about the role of physical therapy in treatment of rectus diastasis cases. Result: The results of the study revealed that 60.7% from gynecologists participated in this study reported their appre-ciation of the importance of physical therapy role and modal-ities for treating rectus diastasis and 39.3% had no idea about the role of physical therapy and modalities used in treating rectus diastasis. Also, 27.4% from mothers heard about physical therapy role and modalities used in treating rectus diastasis and 72.6% had no idea about the role of physical therapy and modalities used in treating rectus diastasis. Conclusion: From the previous result, it could be con-cluded that more awareness is needed for both gynecologists and mothers about role and modalities of physical therapy used in treating rectus diastasis cases.

Occurrence of virulent and antibiotic-resistant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in some food products and human stool in Egypt.

Aim:Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) represent a severe public health issue worldwide, causing life-threatening diseases in the human gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of virulent and antibiotic-resistant STEC in retail meat and milk products and human stool samples and to characterize the genes encoding for virulence and antibiotic resistance among the identified STEC isolates.Materials and Methods:A total of 260 food samples were randomly collected from retail markets in different localities of El Giza Governorate, Egypt. 50 stool specimens were obtained from children that had diarrhea at Embaba Fever Hospital. All collected samples were initially subjected to bacteriological examination and serotyping, and then subsequently, the isolates were exposed to polymerase chain reaction application and sequencing for the identification of the virulence-related genes. Finally, the virulent STEC isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility.Results:Serotyping of the 76 biochemically identified isolates showed that 18 were STEC with a predominance of non-O157 (16) while 2 O157:K-serotype was detected only in one food and one human isolate. Molecular identification of the virulence genes illustrated that the minced meat showed the highest prevalence of STEC (8%) as compared to the other food products. In the humans, the O157 was the only serotype that expresses the Shiga toxin-associated gene (eaeA). Antibiotic susceptibility test displayed that 13 of the 17 food and human isolates (76.47%) were resistant to cephalothin (KF30). 9 of the 13 cephalothin-resistant isolates harbor the β lactamase (blaTEM)-resistant gene. All isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and gentamicin. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the stx2-positive minced meat isolate revealed a high genetic relatedness with beef minced meat from the USA and Australia.Conclusion:This study showed the predominance of non-O157 among the identified isolates. Minced meat showed the highest prevalence of STEC as compared to the other food products, and this work illustrates the necessity to consider the food products as a potential source of the non-O157 STEC serotypes. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high genetic relatedness with beef minced meat from the USA and Australia. This highlights the high probability of worldwide spread of such serotypes, signifying the importance of the one world concept.

Role of Foeniculum vulgare oil on the antimicrobial activity of some antibiotics against resistant pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria

In this manuscript, the antimicrobial efficacy of fennel oil alone and combined with antibiotics were studied by the agar diffusion method. Fifty samples from edible food were collected from supermarkets in the El-Giza governorate, Cairo, Egypt. The presence of multi drug resistant bacteria in the edible food is reported. The aim of this work focuses the sensitivity improvement of the most five resistant Gram negative bacterial isolates due to the presence of fennel oil in the agar medium. Isolation was carried out by classical method using a selective medium followed by biochemical tests. The results showed that the identified isolates include 50 pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus spp. 10 isolates (40%), Micrococcus spp. 1 isolate (4%), E. coli 11 isolates (44%), Citrobacter freundii 1 isolate (4%), Enterobacter species 1 isolate (4%), Enterobacter cloacae 1 isolate (4%) and P. aeruginosa 1 isolate (4%). There are significant improvements in the antimicrobial activity of tetracycline against E. coli isolated from milk due to the fennel oil contained medium. In addition, the sensitivity of Enterobacter spp. to meropenem was significantly increased in the medium containing fennel oil. Furthermore, the sensitivity of E. coli and Enterobacter spp. had significantly decreased to ciprofloxacin in the medium containing fennel oil.

Growing Endive Plants (Cichorium endivia L. var. crispum) Under Different Planting Dates and Spacing in Egypt

This investigation was carried out on the curled endive (Cichorium endiviaL. var. Crispum) cv. Salad King in private farm located at El-Giza governorate, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 A.D. Seedlings of endive were transplanting on October 15th, November 15th and December 15th and three planting space were used (10, 15 and 20 cm) in both growing seasons.The highest values of plant length and leaves number per plant were obtained from transplanting in October 15th with the spacing 20 cm in both seasons respectively. The greatest value of ascorbic acid and dry weight were obtained from transplanting in October 15th. In addition the best plant spacing for ascorbic acid content was 15 cm and for dry weight 20 cm. Total sugar, inulin, fresh weight per rosette (g) and yield per plot (kg) were obtained from transplanted on October 15th. However, the highest amount of total sugar and inulin were found from grown plants in spacing 15 cm, while the fresh weight per rosette was obtained from spacing 10 cm and yield per plot was obtained from spacing 15 cm among plants.

Listeria monocytogenes: An emerging food-borne pathogen and its public health implications.

Listeria monocytogenes is considered one of the most important food-borne pathogens transmitted to humans via contaminated food. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the importance of L. monocytogenes as a food-borne pathogen. A total of 340 samples were collected from different localities in El Giza Governorate, Egypt, to check the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in that area. The collected samples comprised 250 food samples, 40 swabs from food refrigerators, and 50 stool specimens from diarrheic children. L. monocytogenes was isolated from the examined samples according to the International Organization for Standardization. The isolates were tested biochemically using Listeria Microbact 12L and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The isolation rates of L. monocytogenes were 8% in beef burger, 4% in minced meat, 4% in luncheon meat, while sausage samples were all negative. Eight percent of raw milk samples were positive for L. monocytogenes, whereas cheese samples and refrigerator swabs were negative. Only Listeria grayi was isolated from human stools (2.5%). The high isolation rates of L. monocytogenes among the examined food stuffs highlight the crucial role of food as an important vehicle for this pathogen. More efforts should be made to ensure safe handling and processing of these foods to reduce the transmission of L. monocytogenes to humans.

The impact of informal irrigation practices on soil drainage condition, soil pollution and land suitability for agriculture in El Saf area of El Giza Governorate

The study area was selected in El Saf District of El Giza Governorate in Egypt, covering 21461.4ha of Nile sediments and their outskirts of alluvial higher and lower terraces. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of informal irrigation practices on drainage deterioration, soil pollution and land suitability for agricultural use using the satellite LDCM data 2013. From the lower alluvial terraces (partly cultivated using wastewater), the drainage flows westward via descending slopes resulting in land deterioration in both the alluvial lower terraces and alluvial plain of River Nile. The drainage conditions are excessively drained soils in the alluvial upper terraces within soils of Typic Haplocalcids, sandy skeletal, but in the lower terraces it partly occurred within soils of Typic Torriorthents, sandy skeletal. Moderately well drained soils occurred in soils of Typic Torriorthents, sandy in the alluvial lower terraces, while in the alluvial plain of Nile sediments are Sodic Haplotorrerts, fine. Poorly drained soils in the lower alluvial terraces have soils of Typic Epiaquents, sandy associated with Sodic Psammaquents and Aquic Haplocalcids, coarse loamy, while in the alluvial plain of River Nile the soils are Halic Epiaquerts, fine. Very poorly drained soils (submerged areas) are scattered spots in both the lower alluvial terraces and the alluvial plain. In the alluvial plain of River Nile, 1967.1ha become not suitable for the traditional cultivated crops, while in the alluvial terraces 3251.0ha are not suitable for the proposed cultivation of Jojoba plants. Heavy metals of Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni) were added to the soil surface and sub-surface in the irrigated areas by wastewater in the lower alluvial terraces (moderately well drained soils), but Cd and Co exceeded the standards of permissible total concentrations in these soils. The same metals were added to soil sub-surface layers in the alluvial plain (poorly drained soils), but Co exceeded the total permissible concentrations. Continuing these informal irrigation practices, drainage condition will be deteriorated in extra areas and all heavy metal concentrations will exceed the standards of permissible levels. Improving the land qualities of drainage is required and Jojoba cultivation is proposed to replace the edible crop cultivation in the alluvial terraces to avoid the heavy metal contamination risk and to be used for developing a bio-fuel crop production of renewable energy.

Iron profile and dietary pattern of primary school obese Egyptian children

Poor iron status affects billions of people worldwide. The prevalence of obesity continues to rise in both the developed and developing nations. An association between iron status and obesity has been described in children and adults. The aim of the study was to assess the iron profile and dietary pattern in primary school-aged obese Egyptian children. A case-control study was conducted on 120 children, both obese (n=60) and control group (n=60), recruited from three primary governmental schools located in Dokki Sector, El-Giza Governorate, Egypt. Their ages ranged from 6 to 12 years. All children were subjected to full medical and dietetic history, anthropometric measurements, thorough clinical examination, and determination of complete blood count, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation (TS), and ferritin. Despite similar dietary iron intake in the two groups, obese children showed highly significantly decreased hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, serum iron, and TS, and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and total iron-binding capacity when compared with the nonobese group. The obese group showed a highly significant increased rate of iron deficiency (ID) (TS<15% or mean corpuscular volume<76 fl) when compared with the nonobese group. Obesity was a significant risk factor for the development of ID (odds ratio: 7.09, 95% confidence interval: 3.16-15.92). The association between ID and obesity may have important public health and clinical implications. For primary school children with elevated BMIs, screening for ID should be considered. Increasing awareness of the importance of physical activity and carrying out nutritional education programs are required.

Improving Pollination Process of Samani Date Palm Cultivar Using the Bio-Activator Milagro Stimcrop

This study was carried out during two successive seasons 2011 & 2012 for improving pollination process of Samani date palm cultivar grown in sandy soil of private orchard located at Abo-Rawash region, El-Giza Governorate, Egypt. Uniform date palms 20 years old were treated for three times i.e. (i) pollen grains, (ii) Millagro Stimcrop and (iii) Pollen grains with Milagro Stimcrop. The first was applied in dust form as soon as female inflorescence opened. The second and third were applied after month and two months from initial treatment using the same rates. Effect of the bio- activator Milagro Stimcrop on improving pollination process, yield and fruit quality was assessed. Results showed the different treatments markedly improved pollination process, yield and fruit quality of Samani date palm. The best results were achieved as 1g pollen grain was combined with 1g Milagro Stimcrop which recorded the highest significant values for fruit set and retained fruits. Also, the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits expressed by fruit shape, weight, volume, flesh value, bunch weight and yield/tree as well as SSC %, reducing sugars and total sugars were markedly enhanced. This means that the bio

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Soil Inoculation of Sulfur-Oxidizing or Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria on Onion Plant Growth and Yield

A field experiment was conducted in a newly reclaimed soil at El-Saff region, El-Giza Governorate, Egypt to study the effects of different rates of nitrogen (N: 62 to 248 kg ha-1) with or without soil inoculation of sulfur- (S-) oxidizing bacteria (SoxB) and combined inoculation of SoxB and N-fixing bacteria (NFxB) on yield, quality and nutritional status of onion (Allium cepa L., “Giza 20”). Elemental S at 620 kg ha-1was applied to all treatments. Application of N at 62, 124, and 248 kg ha-1rates increased onion yield, plant height, and N uptake by 28 to 76%, 32 to 53%, and 61 to 145%, as compared to those of the plants that received no N. Inoculation of SoxB at various N rates increased onion yields by 47 to 69% and N uptake by 76 to 93%, as compared to those of the plants which received the respective rates of N but no SoxB inoculation. Inoculation with SoxB and NFxB increased onion yield by 221%, plant height by 62%, and N uptake by 629%, as compared to those of the plants grown without inoculation and no N applied.

Potential of some sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) varieties for syrup and ethanol production in Egypt

The aim of the present study was to select the suitable sowing date and the proper varieties which perform high yielding ability, juice quality and processing parameters under agro-climatic conditions of El-Giza governorate. Two field trials were carried out at Giza Experimental Station, Agricultural Research Center. Fourteen sweet sorghum varieties were evaluated for their yielding ability, juice quality and processing parameters under two sowing dates i.e. May 5th and 25th. Analysis of variance showed: most yielding traits, juice quality and processing parameters acted better in the early planting date (May 5) than in the late ones (May 25). Great variation in most studied traits has been detected among the fourteen sweet sorghum varieties under investigation. Not all sweet sorghum varieties perform good for stalk, syrup and alcohol production, quality and processing parameters in the first planting date, but some of them were suitable for the second planting date. Varieties viz., Mn3306, Planter, Rex, Rio, SS405 and Tracy were distinguished with high potential ability for producing syrup and ethanol. Therefore, these varieties are recommended for dual purpose.

Characterization of the Heavy Metals Contaminating the River Nile at El-Giza Governorate, Egypt and Their Relative Bioaccumulations in Tilapia nilotica.

This study was carried out to measure the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu) in water and Bolti fish (Tilapia nilotica) samples collected from Rasheed branch of River Nile, north of El-Giza Governorate, Egypt by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The investigated districts through which the branch passes include El-Manashi, Gezzaya, El Katta, Abo Ghaleb and Wardan. Based on WHO and FAO safety reference standards, the results of the current study showed that water and fish tissues were found to contain heavy metals at significantly variable concentration levels among the investigated districts. They were polluted with respect to all the metals tested at Gezzaya district. However, the levels of analyzed metals in water and fish tissues were found lower than legal limits in other districts. The heavy metals showed differential bioaccumulation in fish tissues of the different districts as the accumulation pattern (as total heavy metal residues) was district dependant as follow: Gezzaya > Wardan > El Katta > Abo Ghaleb > El Manashi.