El-Behira Governorate Research Articles

AquaCrop Model for Evaluation of the Water Productivity of Bread Wheat has Affected Modern Irrigation System and Water Salinity in Sandy Soil

AquaCrop is a very famous model in the world for evaluating the crop water productivity. FAO has developed the AquaCrop model as a leading and powerful scientific tool for simulating the response of different field crops to managing quantitative and qualitative irrigation. Two field experiments were carried out during winter seasons 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 at the Research and Production Station, National Research Centre, El-Nubaria, El-Behira Governorate, Egypt. to evaluate yield and yield component for two bread wheat varieties (Giza 171 and Misr 1) under sprinkler and drip irrigation systems with using four concentrations of water salinity irrigation. A split-plot design with three replications was used. Wheat were randomly distributed in the main plots while, while water salinity treatments occupied the sub-plots in both seasons. Results found that the simulated and observed values of water productivity were rather well in agreement for the salinity water levels treatments SWLT. This means that differences in canopy cover CC, yield and water productivity of bread wheat crop had significant effect on the calibration results. There is an inverse relationship between the water productivity and salinity water levels treatments and bread wheat varieties, while a direct correlation was found between water productivity and irrigation systems. It could be concluded that using sprinkler irrigation systems with S1 and S2 of SWLT and Misr 1 varitey, and drip irrigation system with S1 and S2 of SWLT and Misr 1 varitiey. the maximum of water productivity due to that there is a direct relationship between the study factors, the characteristics of the canopy cover growth and yield of the bread wheat plants, the more measured values will be simulated by the Aquacrop model.

Morphological, molecular biology and pathological characterization of fungi causes root rot on grapevine

Background Grapevine is subjected to attack by several of soilborne fungi causing root-rot diseases that lead to limit the production of grapevine. Objective This study aimed to investigate the morphological, molecular identification, and pathogenic potential of fungi that causes root-rot disease of grapevine in Egypt. Materials and methods Isolation of fungi causing root rot of grapevine plants from the samples of diseased roots of different cultivars, i.e., crimson, superior, and flame seedless. Identification according to characterizations of morphological, cultural, and molecular biology based on internal-transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1). Pathogenicity tests of fungal isolates on grapevine plants under greenhouse conditions. Root-rot incidence, disease severity, and plant growth characteristics were determined. Results and conclusion Isolation traits from affected grapevine trees with different grape varieties in Egypt’s El-Nobaria Province, El-Behira Governorate, yielded eighteen isolates of four fungal genera. Fusarium spp. was the most fungal genus highly frequent on all cultivars tested and colonization (100%) on root-rot tissue of superior and flame-seedless cultivars, then (75%) on Crimson cultivar. While Lasiodiplodia spp. was recorded with moderate frequency and high colonization (100%) on rotten tissue of Crimson cultivar followed by (75%) in both flame-seedless and superior cultivars. As opposed to that, fungi of Macrophomina phaseolina followed by Rhizoctonia solani had the least frequency and colonization percentage. Isolates of fungi were identified according to morphological characteristics, cultural, and molecular biology based on internal-transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1) sequencing and conserved in GenBank with accession numbers from (ON037457.1 to ON037474.1). Fungal isolates were varied for causes of root rot on grapevine plants and their reduction effect on the characteristics of growth of flame-seedless cultivar. Fusarium solani isolate (ON037462.1) was the most pathogenic isolate that caused (100%) of root rot, high disease severity, and highly significant reduced grapevine plant growth characteristics followed by isolates of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (ON037474.1). In this respect, a new isolate of fungal species was hosting grapevine plants, i.e., two isolates each of F. chlamydosporum, F. brachygibbosum, one isolate of F. ipomoeae, and one isolate of L. exigua are the new causal pathogens of root-rot disease on grapevine as the first report in Egypt.

Water accounting and water productivity of some major crops as affected by irrigation improvement activities at Nekla Canal (EL–Behira Governorate)

Water accounting and water productivity of some major crops as affected by irrigation improvement activities at Nekla Canal (EL–Behira Governorate)

Enhancing yield and fruit quality of date palm (Phoenix dactyllifera L., cv. Zaghloul) using nitrogen and potassium nano-fertilizer

The present investigation was carried out during two successive seasons of 2018 / 2019 and 2019/ 2020 on 15 years old date palm trees of Zaghloul cv. grown in sandy soil in a private orchard at El-Behira governorate, Egypt. The research was aimed to investigate the effect of nitrogen and potassium nano-fertilizers comparing with conventional mineral fertilizers on yield and fruit quality, four doses of nitrogen and potassium nano-fertilizer (75, 150, 300 and 600g/ palm/ year) were applied compared to the conventional nitrogen and potassium mineral fertilizers as a control. Different fertilization treatments significantly affected palm yield and fruit quality during both seasons. Treatment of 600g of nano N and K fertilizers produced higher values of tree yield and bunch weight, fruit volume, and fruit length in both seasons. Meanwhile, 600g of nano-fertilizer and control treatments gave the highest fruit and flesh weight. The obtained results also showed fruit content of total soluble solids, total and reducing sugars was significantly increased by nano-fertilizer treatment at 600 and 300g per palm and improved significantly N, P, and K content. Whereas treatment with 75 and 150g nano-fertilizer gave higher values of total tannins and total phenols contents in Zaghloul fruits in both seasons. According to the current study, nano-fertilizer improved date palm yield, fruit quality and nutritional status.

Knowledge and practices of postpartum women regarding neonatal care in El-behira governorate "revised"

Knowledge and practices of postpartum women regarding neonatal care in El-behira governorate "revised"

Dehydration risk factors and outcomes in older people in rural areas

Abstract Objective: To determine the risk factors for dehydration in elderly people in one of Elbehira Governorate’s villages. Methods: A descriptive correlational design was utilized in this study. The study was conducted at Elnemaria village, Markaz Abo Elmatamir, Elbehira Governorate, Egypt. Data were collected using 3 tools: a structured interviewing questionnaire, a dehydration knowledge questionnaire, and a dehydration risk appraisal checklist. Results: The study found that 29.5% of the participants were aged between 65 and 70. Males constituted 51% of the study participants. The majority of the study participants regularly took anti-acids, anti-inflammatory drugs, and diuretics. Among the elderlies comprising the respondents, 40% had a low level of knowledge regarding dehydration. More than half of the study subjects were at moderate risk for dehydration. Conclusions: The study showed that half of the participants had diabetes and a medium level of information about dehydration. The study also showed in general that the elderly in the village are exposed to a moderate dehydration rate, and there is also a strong relationship between taking different types of medication and the occurrence of dehydration.

Effect of potassium fulvate and organic nitrogen rates on growth, yield and nutritional status of onion plants grown in sandy soil

Two field experiments were conducted during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons at the National Research Centre Experimental farm at El-Nubaria, El-Behira Governorate. The aim of the research was to study the effect of potassium fulvate and organic nitrogen on the growth, yield and nutritional status of onion plants grown in sandy soil. The factorial experiment was consisting of 12 treatments with four replicates. The experiment was arranged in split plot design. Four levels of K-fulvat (10% K2O) (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg/fed.) were occupied at the main plots and the three concentrations of organic nitrogen (15 % N) (0, 1, 2 cm/l) were randomly allocated in the sub plots. The results indicated to increase in spraying the concentrations of organic nitrogen from 0 to 2 cml-1 with the addition of different rates of potassium fulvate, the growth and yield parameters of onion plants increased significantly and morally during the two successive growing seasons. The best experimental treatments were which gave the highest yield and quality of onion bulbs when spraying the highest concentration of organic nitrogen (2 cml-1) with the highest addition of potassium fulvate (75 kg fed-1), during the two successive growing seasons.

Susceptibility Assessment of Two Tomato Hybrids Against Tuta absoluta Infestation Under Greenhouse Conditions

Abdel-Razek, A.S., N.M. Abd El-Ghany, M.A. Gesraha, T.A. Elewa and A. Moussa. 2021. Susceptibility Assessment of Two Tomato Hybrids Against Tuta absoluta Infestation Under Greenhouse Conditions. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 317-322. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.4.317322 Tuta absoluta is a major insect pest which attack tomato plant varieties in Egypt. Several control attempts were carried out to avoid major crop losses by heavy application of chemical insecticides. The aim of the present study is to assess the susceptibility of infestation of T. absoluta of two tomato varieties (Shifa and Savera F1 hybrids) under greenhouse conditions. The tomato varieties were planted in two plantation periods at the district of Kom Hamada, El-Nubaria province, El-Behira Governorate. The susceptibility tests were done by random counting of leaf samples for the presence of T. absoluta mines and larvae. Both tomato varieties showed almost the same T. absoluta infestation level. Moreover, yield assessment was carried out for the two plantation periods by taking the average fruit weight yield (Kg/acre). The tomato yield results showed that Savera F1 hybrid tomato had higher yield compared to Shifa F1 hybrid variety, but such difference was not significant, However, the yield difference of both vireties between the two planting dates was significant. Keywords: Tomato, Tuta absoluta, susceptibility, leaf-mine, larvae, yield.

Foliar application with organic acids for suppressing the severity of wheat powdery mildew disease caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici under field conditions

Powdery mildew disease is one of the most deleterious diseases affect wheat reflecting in serious grain yield losses. Control of such disease is important in view of the wheat is the main crop for population consumption in Egypt. Therefore, this study was conducted during 2019-20 at Kafr-El-Dawar region, El-Behira governorate, Egypt to evaluate the suppressing effect of some organic acids applied as foliar spray against disease severity of wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici under field conditions. Field experiments performed with cultivation of three wheat cultivars at two different fields on two successive sowing dates. During the growing season, wheat plants were sprayed with salicylic, oxalic, benzoic, humic and malic organic acids and the fungicide Topsin M70 twice with one-month interval started at one month after seedlings emergence. No disease symptoms were observed for all cultivars which sown early. The wheat cultivar Giza 171 showed the lowest disease severity (6.2 -7.8%) followed by Misr 1 (7.5 -11.5%) and Gemmiza 12 (20.0 -30.8%) at all applied treatments. High suppressing effect on the severity of powdery mildew was recorded at wheat plants sprayed with salicylic acid (7.8, 7.5 and 21.7%) followed by humic (6.2, 8.3 and 24.2%) and malic acids (6.7, 8.3 and 20.0%) compared with oxalic acid (7.0, 11.5 and 30.8%) and finally the fungicide Topsin M70 (16.3, 23.3 and 27.0%), respectively. An opposite trend for the increase in produced grains yield in parallel with reduction in disease severity was observed. The present results demonstrated that early sown date, suitable resistant varieties in addition to utilize plant resistance inducers are important factors for escaping from disease infection and subsequently its development.

Response of Canola Plant (brassica napus l.) To Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates by Adding Humic Substance

Two field experiments were carried out at Itay El-Baroud Agricultural Research Station Farm – El Behira Governorate- Egypt during two successive winter seasons of 2016 /2017 and 2017/2018 to investigate the possibility of reducing nitrogen fertilizer rates by adding humic substance (Actosol®) and their effects on growth, yield, yield components and some chemical properties of Serow 4 canola variety plants. The studied treatments consisted of seven different doses of recommended nitrogen (30 kg N / fed) with or without Actosol (6 liters / fed) as follows: 50 % nitrogen without Actosol (50 % N-Act.), 75 % nitrogen without Actosol (75 % N-Act.), 100 % nitrogen without Actosol (100 % N-Act.), zero nitrogen with Actosol (0 % N+Act.), 50 % nitrogen with Actosol (50 % N+Act.), 75 % nitrogen with Actosol (75 % N+Act.), and 100 % nitrogen with Actosol (100 % N+Act.). The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replicates. Results showed that decreasing nitrogen rates with or without humic substance (Actosol) linearly decreased plant height, number of branches and fruits/plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield/plant, seed yield/fed and seed oil yield/fed, while it had increased, but non-significantly, seed oil content. However, application of Actosol increased all characters, except seed oil content where it had no significant effect on that trait at all studied nitrogen rates. Treatment of (75 % N+Act.) was better than (100 % N-Act.) for most studied characters. Therefore, nitrogen fertilization rate can be reduced by about 25% of the recommended by adding the recommended dose of Actosol (6 liters / fed).

Assessment of agricultural drainage water reuse for irrigation in El-Behira Governorate, Egypt

ABSTRACT Agriculture sector and food security of Egypt are under stresses due to the shortage of freshwater budget. Agricultural drainage water reuse can be considered as the most appropriate solution to overcome the irrigation water shortage. Quality of the reused drainage water is of concern, particularly in arid regions, such as Egypt, due to salinity problems. Therefore, water quality assessment for reuse projects is essential. The objective of this work is to assess three different drainage water reuse projects in El-Behira Governorate, Egypt, based on experimental records and water quality index approach. Thirty-six water samples were seasonally collected from three different projects during 2017. Drainage water, freshwater and blended water were evaluated according to the Egyptian and international (FAO) guidelines for drainage and irrigation water. Moreover, CCME-WQI and NSF-WQI were applied to assess the drainage and irrigation water according to the Egyptian standards. Most the recorded parameters for drainage and irrigation water exceeded the permissible limits. The results confirmed the “Poor” and “Marginal” water quality status of all studied drains (drainage water) according to the Egyptian standards. The water quality status of all studied canals (blended water) was classified as “Bad” according to NSF-WQI. These results confirm that current drainage and blended water in the study are shouldn’t be used. To avoid deterioration of the soil, crops, food security elements and health protection, treatment systems for drainage water are urgently recommended. Drainage water reuse projects should be carefully installed, and water quality assessment should be accompanied with these projects. This study is the base for an ongoing pilot project of using a low-cost drainage water improvement technology which can be considered as a supplemented tool to drainage water reuse.

STABILITY OF SOME COMMON BEAN CULTIVARS UNDER DIFFERENT PLANT DENSITIES

A field experiment was carried out during two successive summer season at years 2016 and 2017 at privet farm, in Al-Rahmania district, El-Behira governorate, Egypt, to examine the magnitude of genotype-environment interactions over six different environments. The five commercial cultivars of common bean (Paulista, Valentino, Bronko, Nebraska, and Giza-6) were evaluated under six environments, i.e., combinations of one and two planting sides with densities (25, 20 and 15 cm). Pooled analysis of variance over all densities (environments) displayed significant to highly significant differences between genotypes and environment relative to studied traits, while significant genotypes × environment (G×E) were shown for each of plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, number of pods/plant, pod yield/m2 and pod yield/feddan in both seasons as well as leaf area and each of number of branches, total chlorophyll and pod diameter in 1st and 2nd season, respectively indicating that genotypes responded differently to various environments which indicated a wide range of variability among the genotypes performance. The value of Regression coefficient “bi” approached nearly unity in some genotypes for some traits, indicating average response to the fluctuating environmental conditions prevailed the different densities across both seasons. On the other hand, “bi” value was more than one (bi>1) for some genotypes and on contrary, regression coefficient was less than 1 (bi<1) for 4 genotypes at least two to six studied traits in both seasons. Conclusively, high potential response for Nebrasca genotype in favorable environments with adequate water and other input and reverse trend for Paulista cv which exhibited low yield, regression coefficient “b value” was less than 1 for yield and some traits, showing it is more productive under unfavorable environments. The studied cultivars under studied densities might be of prime importance fortraditional agricultural procedures for high yield and/or some of its important components.

Effect of An Educational Intervention About Occupational Safety on Knowledge and Practices of Male Students in Technical Mechanical Secondary Schools in El-Behira Governorate

Background. Occupational health and safety is one of the most important aspects of human concern. The Aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of educational intervention about occupational safety on knowledge and practice of male students in technical mechanical secondary schools in El-Behira governorate . Hypothesis: Technical Mechanical secondary school male students who engage in occupational safety intervention will demonstrate higher level of knowledge and practice than those who are not . Material and Methods: Quasi-experimental pre/post–test research design. Settings: the study was conducted in four technical mechanical secondary schools in El-Behira governorate. Subjects: the study was carried on 280 students (140 were cases and 140 were control). Data collection tools: data were collected using three tools: structured self-administered questionnaire, Students' knowledge regarding occupational safety and observation check list regarding safety measures practices in the training workshops. Results: conveyed that less than half (46.4%, 47.9%) of both the study and the control group respectively were aged between 16 to less than 17 years. All the study group and the control one had poor knowledge regarding occupational health and safety before conduction of the educational intervention, whereas after implementation of the educational intervention, more than three quarters of the study group (85.7%) had good knowledge whereas the vast majority of the control group (99.3%) still had poor knowledge . There was a statistically significant relation between the department and the total knowledge score of the study group (X2= 14.150 , P=0.007*). Conclusion: The educational program is successful in attaining its aim of positively improving knowledge, and practice of the study group about Occupational Health and Safety. Recommendations: this study recommend the necessity of provision of personal protective equipment to the students in the school workshops and integrating occupational safety topics in their curriculum. Keywords: Educational intervention, occupational health, Knowledge, Technical secondary schools. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/80-05 Publication date: September 30 th 2020

Effect of upright and ambulant positions versus lying down during the active first stage of labor on birth outcomes among nulliparous women: randomized controlled clinical trial

Abstract Objective To examine the effect of upright and ambulant positions versus lying down during the active first stage of labor on birth outcomes for nulliparous women. Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at the delivery department of Damanhour Educational Institute, El Behira Governorate, Egypt. The study sample involved 150 parturient women equally divided into intervention and control groups using randomization block technique. The researchers used four tools for data collection: Demographic data interview schedule, World Health Organization Partograph, Apgar's score, to evaluate neonatal outcomes, and visual analogue pain intensity scale. For the study group, the parturient women were encouraged to assume one of the upright positions or ambulating around the bed so as to maintain the pelvis in vertical plane as far as possible for 20–25 min for every 1 h. The control group received routine hospital care, which includes lying down in bed. IBM SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze the data. Results Significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were observed between the study and control groups in relation to cervical dilation, fetal head descent, uterine contractions interval, and frequency. The duration of the first stage of labor significantly reduced (P = 0.018) in the intervention group compared with control group. No significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) were observed between both groups in term of emergency cesarean birth rates, oxytocin use, and neonatal outcomes. Conclusions This study proves that upright and ambulant positions significantly enhance uterine contractility, cervical dilatation, and fetal head descent and reduce the first stage duration.

Assessment of Anti-Streptolysin O Titre in Healthy School Age Children in El Behira Governorate

Background: Group-A streptococcal serology is used for post-streptococcal disease diagnoses, such as acute rheumatic fever, and occasionally for diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. The prevalence of rheumatic fever in school children aged 6 to 15 years ranges between 0.2 to 0.75 per 1000 children per year. The prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in 1000 children ranges from 1 to 5.4. Aim of the work: To determine upper limit of the normal range of Antistreptolysin O titre in healthy school children, aged 6-15 years old in El Behira governorate. Patients and Methods:A cross-sectional study had been performed in EL Behira Governorate and the collected sample were tested in clinical pathology Lab [Al-Azhar University Hospital, Damietta]. A total of 3000 [1609 Males, 1391 Females] serum samples had been collected from children aged 6-15 years, had been tested for Anti-streptolysin O titer [ASO] by turbidimetry. Results: Normal value for the ASO titer rose sharply during early childhood and then declined gradually with age. The estimated titer that was 80% of the upper limit or normal at age 10 years was 287 IU/ml for ASO. Conclusion: This study provides the upper limit of normal value for ASO titre of school children. The more than 400 rating should instruct clinicians in the treatment of post-streptococcal diseases in patients and provide valuable longitudinal evidence for potential intervention trials against streptococcal diseases in group A.

Drainage Water Reuse under Water Scarcity

Water resources management in arid regions and semi-arid such as Egypt is a continuous process for the achievement of rational use of the scarce water resources for the benefit of the national economy. Water scarcity in Egypt is a major challenge, which is annually increasing due to the high water demand of different sectors, while the share of Egypt from the Nile is fixed at 55.5 billion cubic meter (BCM). Non-conventional water resources, such as drainage water, are essential alternatives to improve the water use efficiency. In Nile Delta, a considerable number of reuse pump stations (RPSs) are distributed along the drains network already decades ago. But farmers are unofficially using small pumps to divert drainage water directly to their fields. The major concern in the reuse of agricultural drainage water is the build-up of salts. This research aims to assess the water balance in El-Behira governorate to reduce the negative impacts of water scarcity on the crop yield, soil deterioration, evapotranspiration. The model was calibrated using the water and agriculture data of the year 2014 which was used as a base year then it was validated using the data of year 2015. Two statistical goodness-of-fit coefficients [Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) and ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR)] were used to assess the re-calibration and validation of the model; where the results of the model showed good and very good performance with the observations. In addition; the water allocation of the study area was simulated by the SIWARE Model during the studied two years to assess the current water uses and soil conditions, while the results are visualized using Geographical Information System (GIS) as an essential tool for a decision support system. The simulation results indicated that the study area suffers from water stress that forces the farmers to unofficially reuse the drainage water. Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the unofficially reused water ranged between Medium and high hazard salinities that gives restrictions on the crop pattern, causes hygienic risks, and increases the pollution in the shallow aquifer.

Investigative Study About the Role of Raw Milk in Transmission of Some Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria to Humans in Behera Governorate

This study investigated the role of raw milk in transmission of Escherichia coli and Salmonella to humans in different districts of El-Behira Governorate during the period extended from November 2017 to October 2018. A total of 240 raw milk samples (98 from dairy markets, 128 samples from dairy farms and 14 samples from retailers). In addition, 50 stool specimens including; 37 from apparently healthy individuals and 13 from diarrheic patients were collected. All samples were subjected to laboratory examination for isolation and identification of E. coli and Salmonella by standard bacteriological methods. It was found that the overall prevalence of E. coli in milk samples was 18.3% (44/240) where the highest prevalence was recorded in samples collected from retailers (21.4%), followed by those obtained from dairy farms (20.3%) and lastly those gathered from dairy markets (15.3%) with non-significant association between the source of milk samples and the rate of isolation. On the other hand, the overall prevalence of E. coli in stool specimens was 34 % with higher prevalence in diarrheic patients (38.5%) compared to apparently healthy individuals (33.4%) with significant difference between them. Serodiagnosis of 8 isolates of E. coli represented to those recovered from milk samples clarified the presence of O111: H2 and O26: H11, O119: H6 and O121: H7 and O128: H2. On the other side, serodiagnosis of 6 isolates of E. coli represented to those recovered from stool specimens clarified the presence of O91: H21 and O26: H11, O17: H18, O128: H2 and O124. Concerning Salmonella, it was recorded that the overall prevalence of Salmonella in milk samples was 0.4% (1/240) where only one sample obtained from retailers while its prevalence in stool specimens was 4.0 % with higher prevalence in diarrheic patients (15.4%) compared to apparently healthy individuals (0.0 %) where only 2 isolates were recovered from 50 examined samples with non-significant association. Serodiagnosis of the three isolates of Salmonella recovered from milk and stool clarified the presence of S. Infantis, S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. On conclusion, the recorded results throw the light upon the bacterial hazards that may be associated with consuming raw milk in El-Behera Governorate where investigated samples are found to be contaminated with Enteropathogenic E. coli that could ring the hazard bell about cross contamination from human sources during handling and transportation. Although the prevalence of Salmonella in the current work was very low, the role of raw milk in transmitting Salmonella must not be neglected and ongoing control programs must be adopted to exclude this hazard.

TOXICITY EVALUTION OF CERTAIN BIO-CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES AND INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR ON COTTON LEAF WORM, SPODOPTERA LITTORALIS (BOISD,) AND SOME ASSOCIATED PREDATORS IN MAIZE FIELDS IN BEHIRA GOVERNORATE

Field experiments were carried out in Etay Elbroud districts, El Behira governorate In summer plantation (mid July) sawing of maize plant throughout (2016/2017) seasons to study the efficacy of insect growth regulator (Nova) biopesticides (Absolute and Diple2x) and chemical pesticides (Jito, Coragen and Contradio) aguinst Spodoptera littoralis and on some accompanied predators (family coccinilidae). The results indicated that the percentage initial effect of the tested compounds reduction of infestation for being (85.1, 77.2, 73.3, 52.7, 50.1 and 39.2%) in the first season (86.2, 73.7, 67.7, 60.00, 49.3 and 46.2%) in the second season for Jito, contrado, Nova, Coragen, Absolute and Diple2x respectively. The general mean of residual effect for Jito compound caused the servent effect recorded 88.7 and 88.55% as reduction percentage in both seasons 2016 and 2017, respectively. biopesticides recorded the least effect on predators being 26.6, 26.8 and 23.7% in the first season and also in the second season recorded 35.5 and 33.3% for Nova, Absolute and Diplex2 respectively while, the chemical pesticides Jito caused the highest mortality against predators.

Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality and Elemental Composition as Affected by Some Macronutrients Fertilization of ‘Florida Prince’ Peach Cultivar

This study was carried out during the two successive seasons of both 2015 and 2016 on five years old ‘Florida prince’ trees (Prunus persica L.) budded on ‘Nemagard’ peach rootstock, grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system in a private orchard located at El-Nubaria region, El-Behira Governorate, Egypt. The aims of this research was to investigate the effect of some macronutrients fertilization as ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), Potassium sulphate (K2SO4), and Calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and their combinations on growth, yield, fruit quality and elemental composition of ‘Florida prince’ peach trees. The followed experimental design was randomized complete block design with five replicates. Results indicated that all fertilization treatments, significantly; increased vegetative growth (shoot length, shoot thickness and leaf area) characters as compared with the control plants during both seasons. Also, all treatments increased the yield (kg /tree) and fruit weight (g) as compared with the control plants. The highest yield and fruit weight were recorded with the combination of 560g NH4NO3 +280 g K2SO4+ 250 g CaSO4 application treatments (97.02 and 103.65 kg, each in turn) as compared with the control (36.61 and 40.00 kg, respectively). Moreover, all nitrogen, potassium and calcium fertilization treatments; increased length (cm), diameter (cm), firmness (Ib/inch2), total soluble solids (%), acidity (%), and total sugars (%) as compared with control ones during both seasons. On the other hand, A gradual elemental increases in nitrogen, potassium and calcium in leaf (%) were recorded with the macronutrients combinations as compared with the control plants.

Effect of Foliar Application With some Micronutrients on ‘Florida Prince’ Cultivar Peach Tree

This study was carried out during the two successive seasons 2015 and 2016 on five years old ‘Florida prince’ peach trees (Prunus persica L.) budded on ‘Nemagard’ peach rootstock, grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system in a private orchard located at El-Nubaria region, El-Behira Governorate, Egypt. The aims of this research was to investigate the effect of some micronutrients foliar as Boric acid (H3BO3), Zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and Fe-EDTA on yield, fruit quality and elemental composition of ‘Florida prince’ peach trees. The followed experimental design was randomized complete block design with five replicates. Results indicated that all the foliar application treatments, significantly increased the yield (kg /tree) and fruit weight (g) as compared with control. The highest yield and fruit weight were recorded with 0.2% Fe-EDTA foliar application treatment (99.85 and 104.40 kg/tree, for two seasons) as compared with the control (36.87 and 37.38 kg/tree, respectively). Moreover, all Boric acid, Zinc sulphate and Fe-EDTA foliar treatments increased length (cm), diameter (cm), firmness (Ib/inch2), total soluble solids (%), acidity (%), and total sugars (%) as compared with control ones during both seasons. On the other hand, A gradual elemental increases in Boron, Iron and Zinc in leaves (%) were recorded with the micronutrient treatments as compared with the control plants.