Einstein's Unified Field Theory Research Articles

A Neurophysical Hypothesis on the Role of the Intensity of the Electromagnetic Field Generated by the Cerebral Hemispheres in the Determination of Laterality, in Line with Einstein's Unified Field Theory

Abstract Objective: Traditional models of cerebral laterality, focusing primarily on anatomical and functional asymmetries, fall short of explaining the underlying physical dynamics. This study pioneers a novel perspective by hypothesizing that the intensity of the electromagnetic field generated by the cerebral hemispheres plays a crucial role in determining laterality. Inspired by Einstein's unified field theory, we explore this hypothesis through an interdisciplinary approach that merges principles of physics with neurophysiology. Material and Methods: Our research employed an innovative experimental design involving three groups of male Wistar albino rats categorized based on handedness: right-handed, left-handed, and ambidextrous. We utilized electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the electromagnetic field intensity of the cerebral hemispheres, analyzing the data through a lens that combines traditional neuroscientific methods with concepts adapted from field theory. Results: The findings reveal a significant correlation between the intensity of the electromagnetic field in the dominant hemisphere and handedness, with dominant hemispheres displaying higher field intensities. Notably, ambidextrous rats exhibited no significant difference in field intensity between hemispheres, underscoring the potential influence of electromagnetic fields on hemispheric dominance. Conclusion: This study's implications suggest a radical rethinking of how cerebral functions might be influenced by electromagnetic phenomena. The integration of Einstein's unified field theory into the study of cerebral laterality opens new pathways for research. Our findings advocate for a broader, more integrated understanding of brain functionality, highlighting the need for further interdisciplinary research in this nascent field.

On some developments in the Nonsymmetric Kaluza–Klein Theory

We consider a condition for a charge confinement and gravito-electromagnetic wave solutions in the Nonsymmetric Kaluza-Klein Theory.We consider also an influence of a cosmological constant on a static,spherically symmetric solution.We remind to the reader some fudamentals of the Nonsymmetric Kaluza-Klein Theory and a geometrcal background behind the theory.Simultaneously we give some remarks concerning misunderstanding connected to several notions of the Nonsymmetric Kaluza-Klein Theory,Einstein Unified Field Theory,geometrization and unification of physical interactions .We reconsider Dirac field in the Nonsymmetric Kaluza-Klein Theory.

GRAVITO-ELECTROMAGNETISM: GLIMPSES OF UNEXPLORED DEEP CONNECTIONS

Any attempt at unification of the fundamental interactions will recognize its 'right path' when electromagnetism and gravity are seen together as manifestations of the same interaction. First excitement along this direction was the Kaluza–Klein program, and the unsuccessful attempt was Einstein's unified field theory. Over the years, the program has changed much, but the basic idea that there are links between gravity and electromagnetism, perhaps in a higher dimensional world, has not changed. There are several interesting and important phenomenological aspects related to this issue, to be experimentally explored at the classical level, which may reveal some of the deep connections between the two long range interactions. In this essay, we discuss a program to experimentally explore some connections between gravity and electromagnetism, not yet adequately studied. Some of the key issues we address are the complete absence of gravity for electrons inside a metal drift tube (Schiff–Barnhill effect) and its rotational variant, the Schuster–Blackett relation between rotation of neutral matter and generation of magnetic fields, and a variation of the Faraday unipolar induction. These experiments that probe macroscopic, low energy, and seemingly classical aspects, have the potential to reveal underlying microscopic, high energy, unification scale quantum connections between gravity and electromagnetism.

Physical Consequences of the Interpretation of the Skew Part of gµv in Einstein's Nonsymmetric Unified Field Theory

The electromagnetic interaction in the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann (EIH) equations of motion for charged particles in Einstein's unified field theory (EUFT) is found to be automatically precluded by the conventional identification of the skew part of the fundamental tensor with the Faraday tensor. It is shown that an alternative identification, suggested by observations of Einstein, Bergmann and Papapetrou, would lead to the expected electromagnetic interaction, were it not for the intervention of an infelicitous (radiation) gauge. Therefore, an EIH analysis of EUFT is inconclusive as a test of the physical viability of the theory, and it follows that EUFT cannot be considered necessarily unphysical on the basis of such an analysis. Thus, historically, Einstein's unified field theory was rejected for the wrong reason.

Electromagnetic and Force Field Equations

In classical physics the electromagnetic equations are described by Maxwell's equations. Maxwell's equations proved to be invariant under gauge, or Lorentz transformations. Also, Einstein's equations of the special theory of relativity are invariant under Lorentz transformations. On the other hand classical mechanics and quantum mechanics laws are invariant under Galilean transformations. This means that, there are two different dynamical structures describing our universe. Einstein's unified field theory failled in putting our universe in one dynamical structure. New electromagnetic and force field equations are going to be derived. They have the same shape like Maxwell's equations, but with different dynamical structure. Those equations are invariant under Galilean transformations and in the density matrix formalism of quantum mechanics.

The Electromagnetic Properties of Material Media and Einstein's Unified Field Theory

The issue of the form that the microscopic constitutive relation between electromagnetic induc- . tions and fields should take in a dynamic spacetime is e}(amined, and an answer that can be provided through the geometric objects of Einstein's unified field theory is considered. It is shown that the microscopic constitutive relation implied by these geometric objects allows to produce dynamically, by availing of fluctuations of the metric field with an appropriate behaviour, both the macroscopic relation between. weak inductions and fields prevailing in vacuo and the one that occurs in nondisper­ sive, nonconducting material media. The possible relevance of these results for a theory of matter in a dynamic spacetime that does not rely on the quantum framework is intimated, and conceptual reasons why it may be worth exploring such an alternative are outlined.

The Electromagnetic Properties of Material Media and Einstein's Unified Field Theory

The issue of the form that the microscopic constitutive relation between electromagnetic inductions and fields should take in a dynamic spacetime is examined, and an answer that can be provided through the geometric objects of Einstein's unified field theory is considered. It is shown that the microscopic constitutive relation implied by these geometric objects allows to produce dynamically, by availing of fluctuations of the metric field with an appropriate behaviour, both the macroscopic relation between weak inductions and fields prevailing in vacuo and the one that occurs in nondispersive, nonconducting material media. The possible relevance of these results for a theory of matter in a dynamic spacetime that does not rely on the quantum framework is intimated, and conceptual reasons why it may be worth exploring such an alternative are outlined.

The Relation between Complex Fluctuations of the Metric, the Cosmological Constant Problem and Electrodynamics in Einstein's Unified Field Theory

The interpretation of Einstein's unified field theory with sources as a gravoelectrodynamics in a polarizable continuum is considered, and the influence exerted on the background stress energy momentum content of spacetime and on the polarizability by complex fluctuations of the metric field is investigated. It is shown that certain assumptions about the fluctuating metric field which comply with the requirement of local Lorentz invariance for freely falling observers simultaneously provide a possible answer to the question of the cosmological constant and ensure that the macroscopic behaviour of weak electromagnetic inductions and fields is just the one occurring in Einstein·Maxweli electrodynamics. We do not believe that Einstein's unified field theory!) is a complete theory, capable of accounting for the behaviour of charged matter through everywhere regular solutions of its field equations. We rather hold the opinion that the tensor quantities on the left-hand sides of those equations provide definitions of properties of charged matter in terms of geometric entities, as it occurs for uncharged matter in the general relativity of 1915, and that the conservation identities express laws imposed on the properties of matter by the non-Riemannian geometric structure of the theory. We introduce a real four-dimensional manifold with coordinates Xi and write 2 ) the definitions of material properties in terms of a nonsymmetric tensor density gik and of a nonsy~metric affinity Til as follows:

The origin of the electromagnetic interaction in Einstein's unified field theory with sources

Einstein's unified field theory is extended by the addition of matter terms in the form of a symmetric energy tensor and of two conserved currents. From the field equations and from the conservation identities emerges the picture of a gravoelectrodynamics in a dynamically polarizable Riemannian continuum. Through an approximate calculation exploiting this dynamical polarizability it is argued that ordinary electromagnetism may be contained in the theory.

The Induction of Electric Forces by Pressure and Energy in Einstein's Unified Field Theory with Sources

An interpretation of Einstein's unified field theory as a gravo·electrodynamics in a polarizable continuum is considered, and the influence of the matter content of the continuum on the polarizability is investigated. It is shown that, if charges at rest are embedded in a background medium endowed with uniform, isotropic stresses and with uniform energy density, Coulomb forces mediated by the electric field are produced; the stresses and the energy density of the continuum are modified by the presence of the charges, and provide the extra forces needed to keep the interacting charges in equilibrium.

Electromagnetism and gravito‐inertial behaviour in Einstein's unified field theory

AbstractSources are added to the field equations of Einstein's unified field theory and a purely electromagnetic model of matter is proposed, in which all the properties of the material sources ultimately depend on one four‐current. Examples show that between charged matter built in this way electrodynamic interactions only arise when there is true scope for them, i.e., when the previously mentioned current deviates from geodesic flow.

An electrical test particle in Einstein's unified field theory

Previous work on a class of exact solutions to the field equations of Einstein's unified field theory has shown that some of these solutions acquire an immediate physical meaning as soon as one allows for external sources, as it occurs in the general theory of relativity. It is evident that a four-current density j i , appended to the right-hand side of the field equation\(g\begin{array}{*{20}c} {is} \\ v \\ \end{array} ,s = 0\), has a fundamental role: in some solutions, a string built with this current density gives rise to partons, mutually interacting with forces that do not depend on distance, like the ones invoked to explain the confinement of quarks. In other solutions, for which\(g\begin{array}{*{20}c} {ik} \\ v \\ \end{array} \) obeys Maxwell's equations, ji clearly displays electrical behavior. In the present paper it is shown under what conditions the electrical behavior of a charged test particle can be extracted from the field equations and from conservation identities related to the theory, when sources are appended in the way proposed by Borchsenius and Moffat.

Topological Properties of String‐Solutions of Einstein's Unified Field Theory

AbstractIf in Antoci's solution [7] of Einstein‐Schrödingers unified systems of equations the spacetime is equipped with Diraec's string topology, then the solution fulfills everywhere the Einstein‐Schrödinger equations and the quark charges are of topological origin, For the pseudo‐Hermitian theory the zero of the determinant of the metric is considered.

The Role of the Generalized Electric Current in Einstein's Unified Field Theory

The Role of the Generalized Electric Current in Einstein's Unified Field Theory

Test-particle motion in Einstein's unified field theory. III. Magnetic monopoles and charged particles.

In a previous paper (paper I), we developed a method for finding the exact equations of structure and motion of multipole test particles in Einstein's unified field theory---the theory of the nonsymmetric field. In that paper we also applied the method and found in Einstein's unified field theory the equations of structure and motion of neutral pole-dipole test particles possessing no electromagnetic multipole moments. In a second paper (paper II), we applied the method and found in Einstein's unified field theory the exact equations of structure and motion of charged test particles possessing no magnetic monopole moments. In the present paper (paper III), we apply the method and find in Einstein's unified field theory the exact equations of structure and motion of charged test particles possessing magnetic monopole moments. It follows from the form of these equations of structure and motion that in general in Einstein's unified field theory a test particle possessing a magnetic monopole moment in a background electromagnetic field must also possess spin.

New solutions to Einstein's field theory

The author derives solutions to Einstein's unified field theory of 1945, whose metric tensor is represented in some local coordinate system through a constant matrix gik, but whose curvature and torsion do not vanish. The existence of these solutions excludes the interpretation of the curvature and torsion as physical fields carrying energy or momentum.

Test-particle motion in Einstein's unified field theory. I. General theory and application to neutral test particles.

We develop a method for finding the exact equations of structure and motion of multipole test particles in Einstein's unified field theory---the theory of the nonsymmetric field. The method is also applicable to Einstein's gravitational theory. Particles are represented by singularities in the field. The method is covariant at each step of the analysis. We also apply the method and find both in Einstein's unified field theory and in Einstein's gravitational theory the equations of structure and motion of neutral pole-dipole test particles possessing no electromagnetic multipole moments. In the case of Einstein's gravitational theory the results are the well-known equations of structure and motion of a neutral pole-dipole test particle in a given background gravitational field. In the case of Einstein's unified field theory the results are the same, providing we identify a certain symmetric second-rank tensor field appearing in Einstein's theory with the metric and gravitational field. We therefore discover not only the equations of structure and motion of a neutral test particle in Einstein's unified field theory, but we also discover what field in Einstein's theory plays the role of metric and gravitational field.

Test-particle motion in Einstein's unified field theory. II. Charged test particles.

In the preceding paper we developed a method for finding the exact equations of structure and motion of multipole test particles in Einstein's unified field theory---the theory of the nonsymmetric field. The method is also applicable to Einstein's gravitational theory. In the preceding paper we applied the method both in Einstein's unified field theory and in Einstein's gravitational theory and found the equations of structure and motion of neutral pole-dipole test particles possessing no electromagnetic multipole moments. In this paper we apply the method and find the equations of structure and motion of charged test particles in Einstein's unified field theory.

Charged particles, magnetic monopoles, and topology in Einstein's unified field theory

We report on recent progress in understanding the structure of charged particles in Einstein's theory of the nonsymmetric field. If one makes reasonable assumptions concerning the asymptotic behavior of the field far from a charged particle, assumptions which seem to be demanded by empirical evidence, one finds that the global topologies of certain spatial regions which contain the charged particle must be non-Euclidean if the field over those regions is to be nonsingular. One also finds under the same assumptions that the possibility that all charged particles possess a magnetic-monopole moment proportional to their charge cannot be ruled out. In an approximation which should be valid over macroscopic interaction distances it is found that such particles interact among themselves as if they had no magnetic-monopole moments. We do not yet know the effect of such magnetic moments on microscopic interactions.

Timeless paths in spacetime, Einstein's unified field theory, Sommerfeld's quantum conditions and the Lamb shift

Timeless paths in spacetime, Einstein's unified field theory, Sommerfeld's quantum conditions and the Lamb shift