Eid al-Fitr Research Articles

Modeling Inflation and Money Supply using Spatial Vector Autoregressive Model with Calendar Variation: Restricted vs Non-restricted Coefficient

One of the tasks of the government is to maintain price stability reflected in the stability of inflation through the regulation of the money supply. Therefore the government needs to know the forecast of the inflation rate and the money supply. In modeling inflation and the money supply simultaneously in Indonesia, three things need to be accommodated, namely the relationship between variables, the existence of space-time relationships and the effect of Eid al-Fitr. The spatial vector autoregressive model with calendars variation can accommodate these three things. The purpose of this study is to compare two types of spatial vector autoregressive models with calendar variations, namely restricted and non-restricted coefficient to model inflation and the money supply in Surabaya, Malang, Kediri, and Jember simultaneously. Results of this study indicate that the non-restricted spatial vector autoregressive model with calendar variation is better than the restricted one. This can be seen from the value of MSE of the non-restricted model that is smaller than the restricted model.

The Perception and Characteristics of Tourists in Semarang City


 The purpose of the study is to find out the conditions and the quality of tourist destinations in Semarang, the characteristics of tourists, and the pattern of foreigners in Semarang. The population of the study is the tourists of Semarang in 2016 which are as much as 3.125.197 tourists. The samples of the study are 400 tourists taken by using the Slovin formula with convenience sampling. The study is used a quantitative descriptive approach. The data collection is used the questionnaires. The techniques data analysis is used descriptive statistics. The results of the study show that the tourists perception toward the quality of tourist destinations in a tourist attractions of Semarang based on attraction aspects, facilities and accessibility in 2018, most of them are gave good enough opinion. The characteristics of tourists that visited Semarang in 2018, most of them are domestic tourists, men, between 18-40 years old, were not married yet, they came from another city, their last education is highchool/equal, and they are students/students college.The pattern of tourists visiting the tourist attractions in Semarang in 2018 is most of the tourist came with their family/friends in order to vacation/recreation, the visits frequency only once in a year for 1-2 days and most of them came in the day of Eid al-Fitr holiday. Based on secondary data, Semarang has three times peak seasons, those are new year masehi, school day off and Raya Eid al-Fitr holiday.
 
 

Culture Hybridity in Padi Lapa Temple, Jakarta

Abstract. Padi Lapa temple is located in west Jakarta. It is different with the other temple. The peak time for this temple is Thursday night. Thursday night is considered sacred time for people who often come here. In this temple there is a special offering place for Wali Songo which is only open on Thursday night. There is one statue that is above the altar, the statue is a statue of the grandson of Sunan Gunung Jati, Prabu Siliwangi, who is depicted as a tiger. The offerings is like Kejawen such as lisong, seven forms of flowers and incense. Special rituals were preserved. It can be seen that the tumpengan is seen on Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and the Prophet's birthday which are usually equated with the night of one sura. In the evening, a heirloom object that is placed or donated to the temple is sanctified by a pilgrim who studies or has sufficient Islamic knowledge.

Analysis Abnormal Return Eid Al-Fitr on Food and Beverages Company Listed In Indonesia Stock Exchange Year 2013 – 2017

Efficient market is a price that reflects all the information available, the more efficient the market is very difficult for investors to obtain abnormal return. Abnormal return can happen the event of holiday effectEid Al-Fitr. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of abnormal returns before and after Eid Al-Fitr and to examine the effect of one week before Eid Al-Fitr and one week after Eid Al-Fitr against abnormal return in Food and Beverages sub sector. the observation period is one week or seven days Eid Al-Fitr and one week or seven days after Eid Al-Fitr for five years (2013-2017). The results of hypothesis testing in this study used the analysis of different test paired t-test sample with SPSS program and 5% significance level (0.05) and by using Multiple Regression Analysis with Eviews program. The sampling technique in this research is purposive sampling to get the sample of 11 companies. The result of the test is obtained (1) there is difference of abnormal return before and after Eid Al-Fitr, (2) the week Eid Al-Fitr has significant effect to abnormal return, (3) a week after Eid Al-Fitr does not affect abnormal return.

THE LONGING FOR THE BELOVED: MYSTICAL JOURNEY BEHIND THE HOMECOMING TRADITION ON EID AL-FITR IN INDONESIA AND SONGKRAN INTHAILAND

On the day of Eid al-Fitr and Songkran celebration, massive exodus from big cities such as Jakarta and Bangkok to rural areas in Indonesia and Thailand takes place as people wish to celebrate the tradition with the loved ones at home. Hence, this mass departure turns the capital into a temporary desolate city. This paper aimed at unveiling the symbolic meaning behind the largest annual homecoming of family reunion in Indonesia and Thailand to observe Eid al-Fitr and Songkran feast. This qualitative research examined the symbolisms in these two most-celebrated festivals in Indonesia and Thailand calendar that breathe similarity with Sufi (Islamic mysticism) imagery. By applying hermeneutic approach specifically of Paul Ricouer as theoretical concept, the finding shows that the main symbolism in Eid al-Fitr and Songkran, the homecoming, demonstrates the core symbolism in Sufi tradition. This symbol is a metaphor of union or invitation for union with the beloved as the ultimate point in Sufi tradition.DOI:10.24071/ijhs.2019.020203

Peramalan Banyaknya Pengunjung Pantai Glagah Menggunakan Metode Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Exogenous (ARIMAX) dengan Efek Variasi Kalender

<pre>Glagah Beach is one of the tourist destinations in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta which is the most visited by tourists. Glagah Beach visitors data show that in the month of Eid Al-Fitr there was a significant increase. This shows that there is an effect of the calendar variation of Eid al-Fitr. Therefore, it is needed a method that can be used to analyze time series data which contains effects of calendar variations, that is ARIMAX method. The aim of this study are to find the best ARIMAX model and to predict the number of visitors to Glagah Beach in the future. The result shows that the best ARIMAX model was ARIMAX([24],0,0). Forecasting from January to September 2016 are 37211, 21306, 26247, 24148, 28402, 29309, 81724, 26029, and 23688 visitors.</pre><br /> Keywords: Glagah Beach; variation of calendar; Eid al-Fitr; ARIMAX.

Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Multikultural Melalui Budaya Nyama Beraya Pada Masyarakat Muslim Pegayaman

Nyama Culture is a culture that encourages people to have tolerance attitudes and behaviors for differences because they see others as their own brothers. The form of Nyama culture in Pegayaman is realized by acculturation of local religious and cultural traditions such as the tradition of crossing or the day of cutting off large religious holiday animals such as Eid al-Fitr, Maulid Nabi, Eid al-Adha and several other big celebrations. Where in every celebration of the big day Muslims continue to preserve their ancestral culture, namely Ngejot or provide various types of food to Nyama Hindu. The discussion of this study is 1) The existence of Nyama Beraya culture is influenced by: historical background, cultural acculturation, community cohesiveness, openness of society, Islamic religious ideology. 2) The process of internalizing multicultural values ​​through the culture of Nyama Beraya in Muslim communities pegayaman through three stages, namely: planting, practice and appreciation. 3) The strategy of internalizing multicultural values ​​through the culture of Nyama Beraya in Muslim communities pegayaman consists of: free strategies, traditional strategies and transinternal strategies. 4) The impact of the internalization of multicultural values ​​through the culture of Nyama Beraya in Muslim communities pegayaman includes: no conflict, high spirit of knitting unity and preventing radicalism, growing togetherness, high enthusiasm of the community to maintain the tradition and the friendly welcome of the community.

Can food safety shortfalls disrupt ‘Ag for Nutrition’ gains? Evidence from Eid al-Adha

The international health community has stressed the need to raise consumption levels of animal-source foods in developing countries. Development programs based on so-called ‘agriculture for nutrition’ strategies emphasize the importance of smallholder livestock production to achieve these goals. While much of the literature has highlighted the high nutritional potential of such foods, little attention has been paid to infrastructural deficiencies for handling and processing animal-source foods, particularly meat. Such shortfalls in food safety have the potential to counteract some health gains, especially if renewed efforts to increase animal consumption are not combined with improved processing capacity. The spike in meat consumption among Muslims worldwide on Eid al-Adha provides a natural experiment to test the extent to which such food safety concerns are justified. Meat processing on this holiday often exceeds the capacity of formal slaughter and processing infrastructure, and thus provides an excellent opportunity to observe the implications of a rapid intensification of meat production and consumption across several countries. Using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from countries in Africa and Asia, we estimate the impact of this holiday on the incidence of diarrheal illness among children. Eid al-Adha provides a plausibly exogenous source of variation in home or informally sourced meat consumption among Muslims, a natural comparison group (Non-Muslims) and independence from seasonal influences (the holiday follows the lunar Islamic calendar). We find that relative to non-Muslims, diarrhea morbidity increases for Muslim children following Eid al-Adha by 18 percent. No such similar increase is found on Eid al-Fitr, a similarly important Muslim holiday without extensive home slaughter. These findings reinforce the importance of food safety concerns in livestock sector interventions.

Behind the Volatility of Beef Price in Indonesia

The majority of Indonesian people fond of beef, so beef into meat favourit among other meats. Local beef cattle population which became a source of national beef production is likely to increase average 2.72% per year over a period of 16 years (2000 to 2016). The volatility of beef in Indonesia who had reached Rp 150,000 per kg before near the Eid al-Fitr 2015 has been troubling and troubling consumer society beef. This turbulence leads to an imbalance between consumption and production of local beef, where comsuption exceeds production, resulting in a deficit of beef. Based on projected production and consumption of beef, until 2019 Indonesia still deficit of beef. However behind the price volatility of beef in Indonesia, not only because of deficit of meat, but also the existence of a cartel of beef trade. Cartels are agreements some traders in setting the price of meat high in order to reach the high profit. The government, through the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha, KPPU) has fined 32 feedloter accused cartel of beef trade.

PERAMALAN EKSPOR NONMIGAS DENGAN VARIASI KALENDER ISLAM MENGGUNAKAN X-13-ARIMA-SEATS (Studi Kasus: Ekspor Nonmigas Periode Januari 2013 sampai Desember 2017)

Non-oil and gas exports are one of the largest foreign exchange earners for Indonesia. Non-oil and gas exports always experience a decline in the month of Eid Al-Fitr due to delays in the delivery of export goods because the loading and unloading of goods at the port is reduced during Eid Al-Fitr. The shift of the Eid Al-Fitr month on the data will form a pattern or season with an unequal period called the moving holiday effect. The time series forecasting method that usually used the ARIMA method. Because the ARIMA method only suitable for time series data with the same seasonal period and can’t handle the moving holiday effect, the X-13-ARIMA-SEATS method used two steps. First, regARIMA modeling is a linear regression between time series data and the weight of Eid Al-Fitr and the residuals follow the ARIMA process. The weighting is based on three conditions, namely pre_holiday, post_holiday, and multiple. Second, X-12-ARIMA decomposition method for seasonal adjustments that produces trend-cycle components, seasonal, and irregular. Based on the analysis carried out on the monthly non-oil and gas export data for the period January 2013 to December 2017, the X-13-ARIMA-SEATS (1,1,0) model was obtained in the post_holiday condition as the best model. The forecasting results in 2018 show the largest decline in non-oil and gas exports in June 2018 which coincided with the Eid Al-Fitr holiday. MAPE value of 10.90% is obtained which shows that the forecasting ability is good.Keywords: time series, non-oil and gas, X-13-ARIMA-SEATS, moving holiday

The Practice of Islam in America: An Introduction

The Practice of Islam in America: An Introduction

The Practice of Islam in America: An Introduction

The Practice of Islam in America: An Introduction

Social Construction on Cultural Multiculturalism

This paper aims to disseminate the results of the study and get feedback about the Social construction on Multiculturalism. Five years ago Ahimsa Putra states that the face of Indonesia as pluralism without multiculturalism. Until now the problem of multiculturalism has become something that must be kept alive in an attempt to minimize the incidence of national disintegration. Winter tried to rethink multiculturalism by taking a lesson from Canada, that Canada has experienced setbacks in implementing the work program of multiculturalism. While Pakulski looks at the implementation of multiculturalism policy program in Australia as a blur. Scuzzarello, with optimism, invites to care about multiculturalism and share power on different communities. Gozdecka (et al), in recent years after the multicultural declared, stated that it is a failure both in Europe and in Anglophone West. This study was conducted in Blitar, using a qualitative approach to data collection methods and also interviews with ten informants. As a result, the construction of the community regarding multiculturalism: they consider themselves as the brother. In addition they also describe that: (a) assert one's cultural identity, study and assess the cultural heritage of a person; (b) respect and desire to understand and to learn about (and from) cultures besides their culture; (c) assessing and were delighted with the difference in the culture itself, which saw that the presence of groups from different cultures in the community as a positive thing to be respected and maintained. The harmony was found both in everyday lives, especially in the Religious and National holidays, for example, Eid Al-Fitr, Vesak, Christmas, and others religious holiday. Other examples, it also happens during the commemoration of National Holiday such as the Independence Day, the Youth Pledge Day, and the others. DOI: 10.17977/um022v3i12018p059

Sengkulun as Betawi Traditional Cake Philosophy, Historical and Cultural Review

Betawi has a diversity of traditional food. One of the diversity of traditional foods of Betawi’s type of cake is Sengkulun cake. This rare cake is made from glutinous rice flour. Study was designed to recognize the Sengkulun cake from history, culture and philosophy as well as documenting the original way of making the cake which has begun to be forgotten. Descriptive qualitative approach was used to analyse data and information. Respondent were elders, i.e. Betawi cultural experts and Sengkulun cake makers. Experiment was conducted to obtain documentation in the form of photo and video which could make the cake more interesting to become Betawi ‘s snacks. Results show that the Sengkulun cake has existed for a long time but cannot be known with certainty the year of the creation of this cake. This cake began to be created because of the abundant availability of glutinous rice and also due to the influence of Chinese ethnic in the processing the snacks. The cake has a high position in ancient times because this cake can only be found in certain events such as Eid al-Fitr. From the Sengkulun's philosophy, it can be said that sticky texture of the Sengkulun cake has a symbol of respect each other.
 Keywords: philosophy, Sengkulun, traditional cake

FUNDAMENTALS OF INTEGRATED COMMERCIAL BANK IN MACROECONOMIC AND SHARIA PERSPECTIVE IN INDONESIA

This research analyses the fundamentals of integrated commercial bank in macroeconomic and sharia perspective in Indonesia. Based on the calculation of Vector Autoregression (VAR), the impact of macroeconomic variables (Jakarta Stock Islamic Index / JKSII, Indonesian Stock Price Composite Index / JKSE, Crude Oil Price, and Exchange Rate) on stock prices of commercial banks vary. These shocks indicate an indirect price transmission through exchange rate channels and economic growth. From the Structrural Time Series Model (STSM), JKSII, JKSE, and commercial bank share price prediction will generally increase at the end of 2017 and 2018. This will generate hope and benefit for policy maker and business actors in the banking, finance and sharia sectors. In general, the ARMA-ARCH/GARCH model with dummy variables found negative impact of “Fasting Period and Eid Al-Fitr” on return of JKSII, JKSE, and commercial bank stock price. This indicates a cycle of stock price decline that occurs when consumers spend more money to purchase goods and services. However, this cycle of stock price declines is only temporary because the recovery of the world economy and the increase in demand for goods and services in the future can be a pull factor for stock prices (demand factor). Policy makers and stakeholders related to the financial system, banking and capital markets, especially the sharia sector need to see the movement of conventional bank stocks and “Fasting Period and Eid Al-Fitr” as they move in the opposite direction for a certain period. Keywords: Stock Price of Commercial Bank, Macroeconomic and Sharia Perspective, Vector Autoregression (VAR), Structural Time-Series Models (STSM), ARMA-ARCH/GARCH JEL Classification Codes: F31, F47, G15, G21

PASAR, WADAH STRATEGIS ZAKAT DAN AMAL SOSIAL

Zakah is one of the characteristics of the Islamic economic system, because zakah is one of the implementation of the principle of justice in the Islamic economic system. Trade is one form of legal business. The predominantly Muslim village of Mejobo has considerable potential associated with zakat, where the mejobo village has a prominent market commodity in the south of the southern part of the potential Brayung market in which a total of approximately 1000 traders in the Mejobo Village market. Materially the traders gain prosperity through two things: capital turnover and reasonable trade margin. However, in reality the merchants are distributing their zakah directly to mustahiq without going through zakah institution in the form of money every close to Eid al-Fitr. In addition, they also channel their zakah to a person who is not assigned as an amilin or zakah officer but to a person who is trusted to distribute. It is unfortunate if this large potential is not touched optimally by the zakah amil institutions in both the private and government. So it can be ascertained that the prospect of Brayung Desa Mejobo market must be developed maximally so that in addition to the obligation of Muslims to pay zakah, it also affects the social good and reduces the burden of the government.

PERBEDAAN ASUPAN MAKANAN PADA AKHIR PUASA RAMADHAN DENGAN SATU MINGGU, DUA MINGGU DAN TIGA MINGGU SETELAH IDUL FITRI PADA KOMPI VI TANK BANDUNG

Indonesia Muslim society is obligated to carry out the fast of Ramadan. In general theMuslims carring out fasting Ramadan is likely to consume foods that are high in fat, protein andkarbohoidrat although the frequency and amount of eating food intake decreases. The habit ofeating foods wide high in fat, protein and karbohoidrat maintained until after the Eid al-Fitr.This research aims to know the differences in energy intake comes from carbohydrates, proteinand fat between the end of the Ramadan fasting (25/9/2008) and the time of Eid al-Fitr, 1 week(6/10/2008), 1 week (15/10/2008), 1 week (24/10/2008) after the Eid al-Fitr.The subject is amember company of Yonkav (cavalry battalion) 4 Tanks of Bandung, randomly selected, aged 20-29 years, already carry out month-long fast of Ramadan and in a healthy condition. Type of thisresearch is a descriptive longtudinal. Food intake at the end of the fast of Ramadan (25/9/2008),1 week (6/10/2008), 1 week (15/10/2008), 1 week (24/10/2008) after the Eid al-Fitr is recordedusing the 24-hour recall. The data obtained are then processed to obtain data regarding thepercentage of total energy intake, the intake of energy comes from carbohydrates, proteins andfats. The results showed a rise in total energy intake and energy intake comes from fat alsodecrease intake of energy comes from carbohydrates on Idul Fitri, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks afterIdul Fitri as compared to the end of the fasting of Ramadan. While the intake of energy derivedfrom protein, has no change.

Konflik Komunal: Maluku 1999-2000

AbstractThis study aims to explain the conflict Ambon, political upheaval in North Maluku to ethnic and religious conflicts 1999-2000. This study uses historical method. Historical research includes five stages: topic selection, heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The conflict that occurred since 19 January 1999 Maluku is a bloody event that coincides with Muslims celebrating the Eid al-Fitr 1419 Hijri. The conflict stems from a dispute between an angkot driver, a Christian Jacob Lauhery with Nursalim, an Islam of the Bugis Red Stone. Conflict then developed into religious conflict (Islam and Christian). In North Maluku conflicts also occur, local political upheaval, North Maluku causing polarization in society to ethnic and religious conflicts. The North Maluku conflict is also part of a power struggle. Another factor is the creation of a new sub-district of Makian Malifut based on PP. No.42 / 1999 has been rejected by the Kao community because it is considered contrary to customary law. The event spread to Tidore, Ternate, Jailolo and Bacan. The North Maluku conflict claimed thousands of lives, homes and places of worship, both Muslims and Christians burned. During the conflict, Pela Gandong in Ambon, Maluku and indigenous people in Maluku Kie Raha as a customary and cultural system no longer functions as a strong social bond. Keywords: Conflict, Communal, Maluku, Ethnicity

PELAYANAN KASSA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ANALISIS SISTEM ANTRIAN PADA PT. CARREFOUR CITRA GARDEN MEDAN

PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Medan engaged in the retail market various products, such as fresh, bazaar, textile, and grocery applane. The number of customers who shop from January to December 2010 fluctuates every month and long lines occurred in August when the feast of Eid al-Fitr and December when the Christmas and New Year's Eve. From the description, formulated the following research problem: "Why is the gap between the queuing system raises expectations with actual service time at the PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Field ".The research objective was to determine and analyze the queuing system on PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Medan. Benefits of the research is to provide information material to the company in the form of advice regarding the analysis of queuing systems. The study population is the number of customers of PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Field from 2009 until 2010. The samples taken months from January to December 2010. Required data are collected through observation and documentation techniques. 
 
 Data analysis technique used is descriptive method. From the results of the discussion was concluded that the long queues at the PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Medan often occur on Saturday at 17.00 pm - 20.00 pm, and on a Sunday or holiday queues at 12.00 am - 14.00 pm and at 17.00 pm - 20.00 pm. Standard service time for each customer at the PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Medan maximum of 1 minute, yet customers have to wait up to 20 minutes at the feast of Eid al-Fitr and Christmas Day at 9 minutes. Customer arrival rate at PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Medan is not constant, the time required to serve every customer is different, Kassa served on a first come, first served basis and unlimited customer population. The probability of unemployed workers pads reach 4%. The number of customers in the queuing system at 43 people. The probability of the whole staff busy pads reach 94.91%. Customer in the queue system to 33 people.
 
 The time spent waiting and served customers to reach 26 minutes. Time spent waiting for customers to be served up to 20 minutes. This shows that the waiting time to be served is still too high. Suggestions are given for consideration to the management company is the best, firms pay more attention to the system queue by adding pads officers to serve customers at the time of school entry, the feast of Eid al-Fitr and Christmas celebrations and other holidays to reduce the long queues . To avoid the presence of officers who are unemployed pads, the company should provide to an officer other duties such as checking and making gauze packing.

ANALISIS SISTEM ANTRIAN DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PELAYANAN KASSA PADA PT. CARREFOUR CITRA GARDEN MEDAN

PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Medan engaged in the retail market various products, such as fresh, bazaar, textile, and grocery applane. The number of customers who shop from January to December 2010 fluctuates every month and long lines occurred in August when the feast of Eid al-Fitr and December when the Christmas and New Year's Eve. From the description, formulated the following research problem: "Why is the gap between the queuing system raises expectations with actual service time at the PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Field ".The research objective was to determine and analyze the queuing system on PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Medan. Benefits of the research is to provide information material to the company in the form of advice regarding the analysis of queuing systems. The study population is the number of customers of PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Field from 2009 until 2010. The samples taken months from January to December 2010. Required data are collected through observation and documentation techniques. 
 Data analysis technique used is descriptive method. From the results of the discussion was concluded that the long queues at the PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Medan often occur on Saturday at 17.00 pm - 20.00 pm, and on a Sunday or holiday queues at 12.00 am - 14.00 pm and at 17.00 pm - 20.00 pm. Standard service time for each customer at the PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Medan maximum of 1 minute, yet customers have to wait up to 20 minutes at the feast of Eid al-Fitr and Christmas Day at 9 minutes. Customer arrival rate at PT. Carrefour Citra Garden Medan is not constant, the time required to serve every customer is different, Kassa served on a first come, first served basis and unlimited customer population. The probability of unemployed workers pads reach 4%. The number of customers in the queuing system at 43 people. The probability of the whole staff busy pads reach 94.91%. Customer in the queue system to 33 people. 
 The time spent waiting and served customers to reach 26 minutes. Time spent waiting for customers to be served up to 20 minutes. This shows that the waiting time to be served is still too high. Suggestions are given for consideration to the management company is the best, firms pay more attention to the system queue by adding pads officers to serve customers at the time of school entry, the feast of Eid al-Fitr and Christmas celebrations and other holidays to reduce the long queues . To avoid the presence of officers who are unemployed pads, the company should provide to an officer other duties such as checking and making gauze packin