Background: eHealth has a notable potential to help in prevention, diagnosis, treatment, screening, management, and control of the COVID-19 pandemic Since ehealth is considered here broadly, as an umbrella term, it also covers subsets like telehealth and mhealth This study aimed to review the literature to identify and classify subdomains of eHealth solutions that have been utilized, developed, or suggested for the COVID-19 pandemic Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane library databases in April 2020, with no time limitation The search strategy was built based on 2 concept domains of eHealth solutions and covid-19 For each concept domain, the search query comprised a combination of free text keywords identified from reference papers and controlled vocabulary terms Obtained results were classified, graphically presented, and discussed Results: Of the 423 studies identified initially, 35 were included in this study From related papers, general characteristics, study objective, eHealth-related outcomes, target populations, eHealth interventions, health service category, eHealth solution, and eHealth domain were extracted, classified, and tabulated Most publication types were ideas, editorials, or opinions (46%) The most targeted populations were people of the community and medical staff (80%) The most implemented or suggested eHealth solution was telehealth (63%), followed by mhealth, health information technology, and health data analytics Most of the COVID-19 ehealth interventions designed or suggested for improving prevention (48%) and diagnosis (48%) Most of the studies applied or proposed eHealth solutions for general practice or epidemiological purposes (48%) Conclusion: eHealth solutions have the potential to provide useful services to help in COVID-19 pandemics in terms of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, screening, surveillance, resource allocation, education, management, and control The obtained results from this review might be used for a better understanding of current ehealth solutions provided or recommended in response to the COVID-19 pandemic Copyright© Iran University of Medical Sciences

COVID-19 has precipitated a new range of activities, including expanding the content, context and funding of telehealth.

Population aging has increased the need for long-term care of older persons who suffer from multi-morbidity and chronic conditions. Today, the majority of older people are living alone in their home in which they try to cope with highly risky conditions such as sensory impairment, diminished mobility, and medication management. Recent developments in information technologies could improve the access to care for older people as well as reducing the need for full-time caregivers both in homes and institutions such as nursery homes and hospitals. This study aimed to review the economic evaluation of such technological advancements in the care of older people. Through a systematic approach, electronic databases were searched and of 2732 records retrieved, three papers were included in the final review. Three different models of economic evaluation including cost analysis, cost–benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis were applied in these studies in the context of telemedicine and older persons' care. Since the methodological approaches were quite different and the outcomes reported were not consistent between studies, no meta-analysis was applicable and we qualitatively reviewed the papers. All studies have reported cost savings associated with the use of telemedicine technologies such as video visits and smart homes in the care of older persons.

2. Ustawa z dnia 6 września 2001r. Prawo farmaceutyczne. Dz. U. 2019 poz. 499 z późn. zm. Google Scholar

In this paper we describe the Master Study in Telemedicine and E-health at the University of Tromsø, Norway. The study enrolled its first students in 2005 and was closed in 2018. We describe and discuss the background of the programme, its development and accomplishments and why it was closed. Hopefully, this narrative will be of use to other programmes focusing on e-health.

Objective To explore the relationship between eHealth literacy and social support and depressive symptoms in female nursing students, and to provide a reference for improving the mental health of female nursing students. Methods In November 2019, 1 115 female nursing students from freshmen to junior years in four medical colleges in Changsha were investigated eHealth Literacy Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scales and demographic information questionnaire. Results The detection rate of depressive symptoms in female nursing students was 20.1%(224/1 115), and the qualification rate of eHealth literacy was 29.2%(326/1 115). The incidence of depressive symptoms were higher in female nursing students with urban household registration and their parents with high school education and above and poor family economic status (χ 2 = 9.46, 20.02, 7.16, 12.40, P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that poor eHealth literacy and low social support were positively correlated with depressive symptoms in female nursing students ( OR = 3.16, 3.65, P <0.05). There was a correlation between the interaction of eHealth literacy and social support with depressive symptoms. In the same type of social support, the lower eHealth literacy level, the greater the risk of depressive symptoms was for female nursing students ( P <0.05). Conclusion Health literacy and social support are the influencing factors of depressive symptoms in female nursing students. The occurrence of depressive symptoms can be reduced by improving the level of electronic health literacy and social support. 【摘要】 目的 探讨护理专业女生电子健康素养和社会支持与抑郁症状的关联, 为提高护理专业女生心理健康水平 提供参考。 方法 2019 年 11月, 采用电子健康素养量表、领悟社会支持量表、流调中心抑郁量表、社会人口学信息调查 表, 对多阶段整群抽取的长沙市 4 所医学院校大一至大三年级 1 115 名护理专业女生进行调查。 结果 护理专业女生抑 郁症状的检出率为 20.1% (224/1 115), 电子健康素养合格率为29.2% (326/1 115)。生源地为城镇、父/母受教育程度为高 中及以上、家庭经济状况较差的护理专业女生抑郁症状检出率较高 (χ 2 值分别为 9.46, 20.02, 7.16, 12.40, P 值均<0.05)。 多因素 Logistic 回归分析显示, 电子健康素养不合格和低社会支持均与护理专业女生抑郁症状呈正关联 ( OR 值分别为 3.16, 3.65, P 值均<0.05)。电子健康素养和社会支持的交互作用与抑郁症状之间的相关有统计学意义, 相同社会支持情况 下, 电子健康素养不合格, 护理专业女生抑郁症状发生风险大 ( P 值均<0.05)。 结论 电子健康素养和社会支持是护理专 业女生抑郁症状的影响因素。提高电子健康素养水平和社会支持有助于降低抑郁症状的发生。

E-Health based Patient Surveilling Device

O objetivo primário deste artigo é analisar a política de implementação da telemedicina, à luz das possíveis repercussões que a sua difusão pode induzir, quer na prática médica quotidiana, quer, mais em geral, na organização do SNS. A análise baseia-se em dados secundários obtidos a partir de atos normativos e relatórios publicados pelo Ministério da Saúde e pela Comissão Europeia, tanto no âmbito específico da e-Health, quanto naquele mais abrangente da inovação tecnológica em saúde. Após avaliar os principais eixos da estratégia pública de promoção da telemedicina, realçamos a necessidade de uma visão crítica que acompanhe a difusão dos serviços à distância na prática médica, a fim de evitar repercussões negativas, entre as quais o aumento da tendência de privatização dos serviços de saúde e o agravamento das desigualdades, com o risco inerente de criar um sistema de cuidados de saúde “a duas velocidades”.

“eHealth” in allergy

To overview current developments in e-health and digitalisation in dentistry and identify gaps in the dental literature on this topic; Basic research design: a critical narrative review of published articles and relevant online materials; Results: Four themes are identified as characterising the current dental literature on e-health and digitalisation: 1) the impact of digitalisation on dental surgeries, 2) digital technology and practice management, 3) digitalisation beyond the dental surgery and in dentist-patient communication, and 4) digital technology and education. However, gaps remain in our understanding of the impact of digital technology on dental practice, particularly in relation to its ethical considerations. Following the example of the wider medical literature, the review introduces the field of critical digital health studies and identifies areas for future investigation and exploration based on its four characteristics: devices and software, data materialisation, data practices and data mobilities; Conclusion and Clinical significance: Digital technology is changing clinical practice and patient care. Dentistry needs to expand its understanding of how dental apps, digital workflow models and digital health information are transforming and disrupting dental practice in order to anticipate how this digital shift will impact on dentistry. The emerging field of critical digital health studies can signpost ways to improve research and practice on the topic in the future.

The CoViD-19 pandemic has changed the concept of clinic and doctor-patient relationship. Due to the risk of mutual contagion, patients in many cases were managed without direct physical contact. This resulted in a forced acceleration towards e-health and remote consultation. The onset of a new professional figure is ever closer, the virtualist, the doctor who can treat patients without direct physical contact. For this reason, new skills and organizational methods are needed to create a care approach capable of integrating technology opportunities with the traditional clinical method.

The use of e-health services has for many years gradually increased in Norway as in most European countries. Searching for information about health and illness has previously by far been the most popular service. In this study, we review the literature with the aim of examining any changes in e-health use during the Covid-19 pandemic. We find that there has been a marked change in Norway, with an extreme increase in video consultations, especially in primary care and in the mental health field. The government has also released an app for tracking the illness, which so far has been downloaded by approximately 1/4 of the population. These changes are likely to impact the use of e-health also after the pandemic.

New web-based services emerge to support carers in their role, but little is known regarding the way that carers use the internet or any related services. In an effort, to improve the health-related digital skills of carers aiming to support their caring role, we have developed eHealth Literacy Learning Skills among Carers of People with Dementia, the eLILY project. This paper presents the findings of a modified Delphi survey planned and delivered in the framework of the project as an effort to integrate stakeholders' knowledge and expertise in the proposed curriculum.

Many people take prescription medications and need information about the risks and benefits associated with taking them. Citizens are increasingly turning to the internet for health information and medication information is no exception. There are a variety of websites that offer Online Medication Information for Citizens (OMIC). This study compared six such websites using the Health Literacy Online (HLO) Checklist as a framework. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the individual content in each OMIC for three different medications. We identified several strengths and weaknesses of the different websites in terms of how they were designed and written and their appropriateness for users with limited eHealth literacy.

Home rehabilitation after a hip operation can be daunting for the elderly. Lack of motivation to exercise and being insecure in the recovery process are common barriers. Personalized eHealth can help to ensure that the patient exercise efficiently, filling the gap between treatment in the practice with the physical therapist and practice at home.

The use of standards and Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) is a crucial technique for supporting, monitoring and controlling the integration profiles in healthcare organization systems. The risk of "no-interoperability" increases when several standards are used. Lack of experience in developing countries, particularly in Algeria, increases this risk. This article aims to suggest and present a methodology for selecting standards and IHE integration profiles in field of E-health in order to build a base-frame of the Algerian E-Health system. In fact, this base-frame must comply with international standards and perfectly adapted to medical processes, thru respecting IHE integration profiles.

eHealth ha permitido mejorar el desempeño de múltiples sistemas de salud alrededor del mundo, a través de estrategias nacionales de integración (estructurada y coordinada) de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) al sector salud, sin embargo, una vez establecidas las bases para desarrollar e implementar soluciones eHealth, no existe un único camino para que los investigadores, ingenieros, médicos y otros interesados trabajen sobre la creación de soluciones eHealth. Por esta razón, se propone un método con enfoque sistémico-transdisciplinario para el diseño de dispositivos eHealth, con la intención de satisfacer los requerimientos y las necesidades de todos los involucrados en el uso del dispositivo, así como, con la normativa establecida en los diferentes países. A partir del enfoque sistémico y transdisciplinar, se plantea la elaboración de un método que una sinérgicamente distintos métodos sistémicos, que permita la continua colaboración y compartición de experiencias de los involucrados. En consecuencia, el método permitirá el diseño de dispositivos eHealth que, sin importar su uso, estén apegados a las necesidades del usuario, requerimientos del personal que lo utilizará, normativas y reglamentación del país donde se desarrollen y que brinden la satisfacción total en el dispositivo. Finalmente, el diseño de soluciones eHealth a través del pensamiento sistémico permite, a partir del análisis de las necesidades y requerimientos, entregar un producto que satisfaga a todos los involucrados y sea sustentable, a través de la exploración de diversas perspectivas, la observación del contexto, la participación de los involucrados, discusión y concordancia de intereses.

Research projects with humans is a highly regulated field that is currently undergoing rapid changes due to developments in eHealth and mHealth. While a patients data and samples must be thoroughly protected, they are also an invaluable source for fundamental and cutting edge research. There are processes in place to obtain a patient's consent for the use of their data and samples for research. These approaches could be more flexible, user-friendly and modernised. There is a high demand among all parties for a unified, yet differentiated, dynamic and personalised eConsent. An Android app has been developed that brings any existing consent form to mobile devices, including the integration of the process into existing hospital IT using established data standards, such as FHIR and the ResearchStack open source framework.The app is user-tested and shown to work in a hospital setting. Lack of eIdentification and legal drawbacks were determined as the main obstacles for immediate implementation.

Processes like the care of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients require support by information systems considering the heterogeneity of the actors from different domains involved, enabling harmonization and integration of their specific methodologies and knowledge representation approaches towards interdisciplinary cooperation. Currently, the development of systems starts from the simplified information world, ignoring the aforementioned heterogeneity and specificity of real-world processes. This paper aims to demonstrate the feasibility of developing an adaptive, interoperable and intelligent system that supports the major aspects of type 2 diabetes mellitus care based on the Generic Component Model as formal methodology for modelling universal systems. The result is a deployable solution based on a formal representation of the diabetes care system, its objectives, and the intended business process. The implemented system enables reasoning over the data, inferring medical diagnosis. The effectiveness of the inference was evaluated, obtaining an F-measure of 0.89. The methods presented in this paper helps to build high quality models based on computation-independent aspects, which enable the construction of knowledge-based adaptive, intelligent and interoperable eHealth systems.

Digital Health is one of the three pillars for the effective implementation of Universal Health Coverage in Argentina. The Ministry of Health published the National Digital Health Strategy 2018-2024 in order to establish the conceptual guidelines for the design and development of interoperable health information systems as a state policy. The World Health Organization "National eHealth Strategy Toolkit", "Global Strategy on Digital Health" and other international and local evidence and expert recommendations were taken into account. The path to better healthcare involves adopting systems at the point of care, allowing for the primary recording of information and enabling information exchange through real interoperability. In that way, people, technology and processes will synergize to enhance integrated health service networks. In this paper, we describe the plan and the first two years of implementation of the strategy.