Efforts Of Several Generations Research Articles

Реконструкція літературного канону в незалежній Україні (90‑і рр. ХХ ст.)

The article reveals the peculiarities of the national literary canon changing during the beginning of 1990th, which we also called the transitional period. It was a time of radical break of social and cultural life of Ukraine. It was necessary to ensure the completeness of the national culture, which it had previously been deprived of due to its colonial status. This proved to be a difficult task that could be realized only in a longer time perspective. That task needed the efforts of several generations which represented different regions in their writings. A fundamentally new configuration has emerged in the literature of the period of independence of Ukraine. This configuration is embodied by several distinctive features of this time. Firstly, we are talking about the literature of socialist realism. For a long time, it was functional and dominant in the reader’s perception. Those texts have lost their significance. Secondly, we had a situation when an understanding of the global literary context emerged. The reason for this had become the numerous significant works from the West and from neighbouring Central European countries, which were translated, published and discussed in Ukrainian and which reflected the postcolonial thoughts. Thirdly, an impressive retrospective of national literature was opened. There much of literary works had not been known or properly appreciated before. Fourthly, a new discourse began to fill in. It was provided by the literary texts of Yurii Andrukhovych, Oksana Zabuzhko, Ihor Rymaruk, Leonid Kononovych, Volodymyr Danylenko, Oles Ulianenko, Yurii Gudz, and many others. That discourse contributed to the accumulation of the aesthetic quality that will become the way for creating a new national canon of literature. The creation of such a canon began at the beginning of the XXI century, when real prerequisites emerged at the level of school and university literature teaching. Also, the basis of the new canon is clearly manifested in the content of modern textbooks and anthologies that represent contemporary Ukrainian literature.

Investigate the Impact of the Current Watercolour Painting Market Situation on the Development of the Watercolour Painting Market in China. Market Environment as a Mediator

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the current watercolour painting market situation in China on the development of the watercolour painting market in China. In addition, this study investigates the role of the watercolour painting market environment in China as a moderating variable in the relationship between the current state of the watercolour painting market in China and its future development. Theoretical framework: Contemporary Chinese art and culture exist in a society that is open and pluralistic. Through the efforts of several generations, they have created not only a magnitude but also a vast market. In a technologically based society, technologically based painting is on the verge of extinction. The construction of cultural artistic conception and character is a novel topic in the art education and instruction of contemporary Chinese watercolour painting. Design/Methodology/Approach: A total of 495 respondents participated in the survey comprised of 110 watercolour artist collectors, 220 watercolour paintings and 165 lectors and business intermediaries 165. This study was a cross-sectional study where the data collection period is from August to October 2021. A survey with a closed-ended and self-administered format was conducted in order to collect data. The questionnaire is divided into two sections, Smart PLS was used to analyse the data and identify any significant relationships between the variables. There was a correlation between being a colour artist and collecting watercolour paintings. Findings: This study focuses on watercolour painters, watercolour collectors, and commercial intermediaries., according to the findings. This suggests that artists are more likely than non-artists to collect watercolour paintings. In addition, the study revealed that business intermediaries play a crucial role in facilitating the sale of these paintings. The study revealed that watercolour painting is a popular art form among both artists and collectors. Watercolour paintings have been a popular art form for centuries, and this study confirms that their popularity remains strong among both artists and collectors. The delicate beauty of watercolours, with their translucent washes of colour and soft edges, is particularly appealing to those who appreciate the subtleties of art. Research, practical & social implications: This study found that watercolour paintings are highly valued by business intermediaries, who recognize their potential as investments. In fact, many galleries and auction houses specialize in selling watercolours, and the market for these works continues to grow. Originality/Value: it is important to note that not all watercolour paintings are created equal - some are more highly prized than others based on factors such as the artist's reputation, the quality of the materials used, and the subject matter depicted. Overall, this study underscores the enduring appeal of watercolour paintings and their continued relevance in today's art world. This research provides valuable insights into the relationship between colour artists, collections of watercolour paintings, and art industry intermediaries.

Review, impact, and future of severe and extra-severe burn treatment in China

China began using the colored liquid from tea and tincture to treat burns as early as the sixth century B.C., and records of Chinese medicine for the rescue and treatment of burns date from the Jin Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Modern burn treatment medicine in China began in 1958 when national steel production began. Since then, burn patients have increased dramatically, independent burn departments have been established nationwide, and burn surgery has moved into technological development. With the combined efforts of several generations of burn medical workers in China, the clinical treatment of severe and extra-severe burns has steadily increased. Many fields, such as burn shock prevention and treatment, wound repair, and sepsis, have become world leaders in the 21st century, forming a treatment technology and theoretical system with distinctive Chinese characteristics. Burn medical professionals have conducted numerous clinical and fundamental experimental studies, founded the Burns Surgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, established academic journals, and successfully established China Burn Treatment Program. The advancement of science and technology has promoted the development of modern medicine, and 3D virtual reality technology, 3D printing technology, organoid culture, and tissue engineering skin have demonstrated potential advantages and excellent application prospects in the treatment of severe burns, providing new ideas and directions for the discipline’s development. In the new journey of development and reform, we should continue to strengthen the systematic construction of the discipline, enhance the innovative treatment capability, and create further triumph.

Plant phenological dataset collated by the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters.

Long records of phenological observations constitute data for ecological, climate and global change studies. Here we provide an extraordinary dataset of plant phenological observations made in Boreal Europe between 1750 and 1965 from locations situated across historical and modern Finland, mostly between 70° and 60°N and 30° and 20°E. This dataset has been initially generated by the efforts of several generations of volunteers representing naturalists whose field observations and notes have initially made the continuous collection of the data possible. Meanwhile, the data was collated by the Finnish Economic Society and the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters and published irregularly in the form of several monographs and periodicals by contemporary academic enthusiasts. Each phenological observation contains 11 features including: site name, site latitude, site longitude, scientific species name, phenological stage and (if any) its substage, year, date (month and day) and the day since summer solstice, the original literature source, and outlier estimate. Species names given originally either in Latin, Finnish, German and/or Swedish were transformed into scientific species names. Moreover, outdated taxonomic names were updated as appropriate. Phenological stages given originally either in German, Finnish and/or Swedish were transformed into English and standardized by excluding synonyms. Site names were adopted at county level, with corresponding latitude and longitude generated herein. The digitized dataset represents 265478 observations of 985 taxa (assigned to variety/subspecies/species/hybrid/genus) for their 16 different phenological stages made in 371 locations across the region. We provide this dataset to support comparative studies and modeling projects seeking to improve understanding of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics and their responses to a changing environment from local to global scale. Use of this dataset for academic or educational purposes is encouraged as long as the data source is properly cited with attribution given to this presentation of the data. Users are free to use and analyze the data; additionally, we would like to hear from other researchers who use these data sets in teaching or for their own research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

A summary of 70 years' progress of uveitis subspecialty in China

Uveitis is one of the most common causes of blindness worldwide. Clinical and basic studies on uveitis began in the 1980s in China. With the efforts of several generations, great progress has been made in the last 30 years with a global reputation. However, there are still challenges concerning the prevention and treatment of uveitis as well as the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying this disease. Therefore, we should continuously push the uveitis subspecialty in China to a new level. The achievements obtained in the uveitis studies during the past decades are offered as a gift to the 70th anniversary of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56:881-890).

The glorious history of the treatment for ocular trauma in China in the past seven decades

With the unremitting efforts of several generations of experts in ocular trauma, great progresses have been achieved in the field of ocular trauma in terms of the treatment, scientific research, international communication, talent team construction and cultural inheritance. The purpose of looking back on the development history of the past 70 years is to commemorate our predecessors and inspire the followers to continue to strive for the progress of this subspecialty in China. We would like to send congratulations on the 70th anniversary of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology with this article. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 801-804).

A summary of 70 years of cataract diagnosis and treatment in China

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, with the unremitting efforts of several generations of ophthalmologists, the level of cataract diagnosis and treatment in our country has made great progress, which has made a significant contribution to the cause of preventing and treating blindness. On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, this article reviews the development of cataract surgery and intraocular lenses, aiming to help better understand the key points and breakthroughs in cataract diagnosis and treatment in our country at various historical periods, and to encourage the new generation of ophthalmologists to work hard to further promote the progress of ophthalmology in China. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 321-324).

ASLO 2020 Award Winners

<scp>ASLO</scp> 2020 Award Winners

The contributions and achievements on malaria control and forthcoming elimination in China over the past 70 years by NIPD-CTDR.

Although the past decades have seen a remarkable decrease in malaria-caused mortality and morbidity, the infection remains a significant challenge to global health. In the battle against malaria, China has gained notable feat and achievement since the 1940s through the efforts of several generations. Notably, China has not recorded a single indigenous malaria case since August 2016. The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NIPD), as the only specialized institution for parasitic disease at the national level, has played a significant role in the malaria control, prevention, and elimination in China in the different historical periods. In order to transfer Chinese experiences on malaria control and elimination to other Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and to improve global health collaboration, we have summarized and reviewed the contributions and achievements by the NIPD over the past 70 years, covering the epidemic situation; field investigation and laboratory experimental research on both parasite and vector; research and development on diagnostics, drugs, and insecticides; surveillance and response; technical and international. Support and cooperation. In addition, we also focus in particular on malaria retransmission risk, strategies on management of imported malaria cases and mobile populations, surveillance and response capacity to be maintained in post-elimination stage, challenges on diagnosis, drug resistance, and insecticide resistance as future concerns.

An odyssey: the way Chinese catalysis towards the world

The 16 th International Catalysis Congress (16th ICC) was successfully held in China in July 2016. This paper reviewed the development of catalytic science and technology of China from scratch to small then to large under the efforts of several generations. In 1950s, catalysis discipline was first set up to train early catalytic professionals in Jilin University, Peking University and Xiamen University. Subsequently, a large research team was formed in colleges and universities, the Academy of Sciences, the Enterprise Research Institute to carry out a large number of catalytic researches. Along with the Chinese reform and opening-up, the spring of science came, and the state started to emphasize and strongly support scientific research. Chinese catalytic researchers began to enter the international catalytic academic exchange platform. Famous foreign scientists are invited to visit China and a large number of visiting scholars and foreign students have been sent to the United States, Europe and Japan, many of them have become well-known professors, and grown into catalytic academic elites. The first China-Japan-USA Symposium on Catalysis was held in Dalian in 1982, and it was expanded to become the Asian-Pacific Congress on Catalysis (APCAT), one of the three regional catalytic conferences in the world. After several generations of bidding for the organization of the International Catalytic Congress three times, China won the right to host the 16th ICC. It has effectively promoted the Chinese catalytic academic circles to the international academic ones and improved the influence of catalysis communities in China significantly. The great development in catalytic research and technology has condensed the efforts of several generations of catalysts. To make China a catalytically strong country, there is still a long way to go. We hope that the contemporary scientists can accomplish this historical task. With the careful planning and arrangements by the Chinese catalytic elites, the quadrennial grand event in the international catalytic world—the 16 th International Congress on Catalysis (ICC) was successively held in Beijing presentations indicating the frontiers of the catalytic science and the magnanimity of the organizers. This paper reviewed the development of catalytic science and technology of China from scratch to small then to large under the efforts of several generations.

Research and development of hydrocracking catalysts and technologies in China

Hydrocracking of petroleum feedstock represents a compelling route for the production of industrial clean fuels, which has triggered the continuous research and development of core technology related areas such as catalysts, reaction engineering and engineering design. This review particularly focuses on the research and development of catalysts and catalytic processes for hydrocracking of petroleum feedstock in China. Hydroprocessing technologies of China keep pace with the up-todate progress of the world, and some of the technologies have achieved leading role in the world. It is noted that China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation has a full range of hydroprocessing technologies and provides corresponding “tailor-made” catalysts. Through the efforts of several generations, 20 categories of the catalysts including more than 60 brands have been developed, among which more than 40 brands have been successfully applied for more than 130 times. Importantly, the pivotal technical improvements including the deep drawing vacuum gas-oil (VGO) and de-asphalting oil hydrocracking technology to improve material adaptability, the high value-added hydrogenation technology to convert high aromatic diesel conversion to naphtha, the hydrocracking technology using VGO-catalytic diesel blends, the Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals’ diesel to gasoline and diesel hydrocracking technologies, and the Sheer hydrocracking technology to reduce energy are reviewed.

Retrospect on 60 years' history and prospect of Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University

The Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University is the leading team in Shandong province. It is integrated with clinical treatment, scientific research, teaching, personnel training, and medical service for social crisis, which undertakes the tasks of giving lessons and offering chances for noviciate and internship of burns and plastic surgery in College of Medicine of Shandong University. It is not only the training unit affiliated to College of Medicine of Shandong University for master students and doctoral students major in burns and plastic surgery, but also the national training base for specialists of burns and plastic surgery. It is the national key clinical subject of burn surgery. Over the past 60 years, with the concerted efforts of several generations, it has made significant contributions to the development and innovation of burns and plastic surgery in Shandong province and the whole China.

Sixty years of classics and sixty years of fulfilling mission

The Department of Burns of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital has gone through 60 years of glorious course as well as Chinese burn surgery. Over the past 60 years, our department developed from scratch, from weak to strong, with continuous innovation. Under the efforts of several generations, remarkable achievements have been made one after another. This article mainly introduces the contribution of our department to burn medicine from five aspects as follows: critical burn treatment, wound repair, electric burn treatment, flap transplantation, and emergency rescue.

Development and progress of sixty years and stepping firmly to the future

Since its establishment for 60 years, Department of Burns of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine has grown into a famous regional burn center in China under the leading of the pioneers and through the efforts of several generations. The department has distinctive disciplinary features in burn care, nutritional support, scar prevention and treatments, standard management of chronic wound, and skin tissue engineering research, making positive contribution to the development of burn medicine in China.

Sixty years' development of Institute of Burn Research of Southwest Hospital: special for the 60th anniversary of Chinese burn medicine

This year is the 60th anniversary of both Chinese burn medicine and Institute of Burn Research of Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University. The institute is one of the earliest burn centers in China founded in 1958 by professor Li Ao, one of the pioneers of Chinese burn medicine and the academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering. With unremitting efforts of several generations, the institute consists of three main sections at present, including clinical section which is composed of national key clinical department, research section which is composed of national key laboratory, and two editorial offices of Chinese Journal of Burns and Burns & Trauma. During the 60 years of development, we made lots of remarkable achievements on discipline construction, scientific research, clinical treatment, and talent cultivation and made great contribution to the development of burn medicine of China, with many generous supports and help from the experts and units at home and abroad.

Temporal Cities: Commemoration at Manzanar, California and Cowra, Australia

This article compares two former Pacific War incarceration histories in the us and Australia, inquiring how their narratives of confinement and redress might be interpreted spatially and materially, and how these sensibilities are incorporated into contemporary heritage strategies including, in these examples, through Japanese garden designs. At the Manzanar Historic Site in California, the efforts of several generations advocating for civil rights and preservation of the Manzanar Relocation Center have overlapped with the National Park Service’s efforts to fulfil its federal mandates to preserve and restore the historic site. Conversely at Cowra, New South Wales, these histories are interwoven with post-war commemorative spaces, aimed at drawing visitors to former incarceration sites and encouraging contemplation of these difficult histories. This article analyses their complex creative processes and interpretive strategies as useful for drawing these isolated national stories into broader global interrogations of their significance.

SOCIAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF US WOMEN: HISTORY OF THE XX CENTURY

American women in society. 200 years after the US War of Independence, a peaceful revolution for women's independence took place. The efforts of several generations were required for the struggle for equality to succeed. Modern young American women can afford to skeptically or negatively speak about feminism, while they are ambitious, striving for social, political and economic positions, fundamentally inaccessible to women 30 years ago.&#x0D; When creating the American Republic, the Declaration of Independence proclaimed that "all people are created equal and endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, which include life, freedom and the pursuit of happiness".

Taxonomic Review and Natural History Notes of the Army Ant-Associated Beetle Genus Ecclisister Reichensperger (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Haeteriinae)

Abstract A great diversity of arthropods is symbiotically associated with army ant colonies. Despite the efforts of several generations of researchers to survey army ant symbiont diversity, many species still await scientific discovery. Moreover, the taxonomy of many army ant-associated groups remains unsettled. Here we re-assess the species status of two army ant-associated beetles of the family Histeridae (subfamily Haeteriinae): Ecclisister bickhardti Reichensperger, 1923 and Ecclisister bickhardti costaericae Reichensperger, 1935. We examined specimens fromCosta Rica, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Guyana, and Brazil. Based on the analysis of external and genital morphological characters, we elevated the subspecies to species level. In addition to morphological characters, we provide 11 DNA barcodes for E. costaericae, new status, to facilitate future identifications. A survey of symbiont diversity of the six local army ant species of Eciton Latreille at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, revealed a spe...

Opportunities and challenges of esophageal surgery

There is a higher incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in China. During the past decades, esophageal surgery in China has achieved great development through the efforts of several generations of thoracic surgeons. At present there are still many difficulties and challenges for thoracic surgeons. This review will summarize current major difficulties in esophageal surgery and propose some possible solutions. Key words: Esophageal neoplasms; Opportunity; Challenge

An Interpretation of the Influential Power of China Development

Through the analysis on China＇s economic develop- ment, utilization of resource environment and soft power, a basic judgment was made of the influence of ＂China development＂. The overall influential power of China development on international community was misunderstood. What we see is the role of ＂China Factor＂ in different fields. In the process of economic globalization, what economic system of capitalist market has seen is ＂China＇s cheap labor＂, ＂China＇s loose economic system environment＂, ＂earlier abuse of unlimited resource environment＂, ＂China＇s broad consumption market＂ and ＂demographic dividend＂. In global or Asian financial crisis, what other countries valued was China＇s ＂foreign currency＂ accumulated over the years. In global gov- ernance or crisis management, what international community expected was ＂China＇s obligations and responsibilities＂ without the right of speech, etc.. All these are the ＂passive＂ roles produced by ＂a single factor＂ in definite fields. The active and initiative role China will play in international community still needs time and the continuous efforts of several generations. China once was a big country that had significant inftuential power on the world, and China＇s renaissance is a normal process of development of things. What excessive talks about its influential power reflect may be the lack of China＇s influence.