Innovative Efforts Research Articles

Preface

It is a great honor and pleasure to present the proceeding of the 11th International Seminar on Ocean and Coastal Engineering, Environmental and Natural Disaster Management (ISOCEEN) and the agreement of collaboration between Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember and Thuyloi University Vietnam. The signing of Memorandum of Understanding represents a commitment to strengthen academic ties, research collaborations, and cultural exchanges between Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember and Thuyloi University Vietnam.Started by the second vice-chancellor of Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Ir. Mas Agus Mardyanto, M.E., Ph.D., the event brings the theme Development of Ocean Science and Technology for Sustainable Blue Economy. Our coastal, ocean, and offshore activities and products must adopt more innovative thoughts and efforts to ensure that we achieve sustainable development goals. Through this seminar, engineers and scientists whose activities are related to research and solving problems in the coastal, marine, maritime, hydrodynamics, oil, and gas are expected to develop science and technology in Coastal, Ocean, and Offshore Engineering in an integrated manner. Different perspectives are addressed by keynote speakers:• Prof. Dr.Eng. Hitoshi Tanaka from Tohoku University, Japan,• Ir. Suharyanto, M.Sc., Director of Marine Spatial Planning – KKP• Prof. Dr. Eng. Nguyen Trung Viet, Thuyloi University, VietnamWith contributions from over 100 participants and over 35 accepted papers, the seminar was successfully conducted in Swissbel Hotel Manyar, Surabaya, Indonesia, on September 27th, 2023. Selected papers presented in ISOCEEN 2023 will be published in The IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (ESS) indexed in SCOPUS.On behalf of the organizing committee of ISOCEEN 2023, I would like to warmly thank all the authors who, with their presentations, generously contributed to the lively exchange of scientific information that is so vital to the endurance of scientific conferences of this kind. Special thanks to all committees for their efforts in preparing the manuscripts and managing the sessions, respectively. Also, all lecturers within ITS, Contributing Authors, Seminar delegates, experts, scholars, and all students participate in ISOCEEN 2023.Best regards,Prof. Suntoyo, S.T, M.Eng., Ph.D.ChairmanList of Editors, Committee are available in this pdf.

PELATIHAN PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN SEDERHANA PADA UMKM RUFATA

The important role of MSMEs in the history of reducing unemployment rates during the economic crisis in Indonesia and as a booster for economic recovery after the Covid-19 pandemic cannot be separated from the creativity and hard work of MSME entrepreneurs in maintaining the sustainability of their businesses. The sustainability of MSME businesses will be maintained if MSME entrepreneurs not only carry out various innovative efforts to sell their business products or services but must also be able to manage the financial results of their business by increasing their knowledge and skills in preparing financial reports for all economic transactions of their business. Likewise, Rufata MSME entrepreneurs really need training from teachers or lecturers. The Bachelor of Accounting Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Trisakti University collaborates with the Rufata MSME Coordinator, Cikokol Village, Pancoran District, South Jakarta, held a Community Service (PKM) program with the title: "Training on Preparing Simple Financial Reports for Rufata MSMEs", so that MSME entrepreneurs are not only able to make simple financial reports from economic transactions of their business businesses correctly in accordance with SAK EMKM, but also can analyze and evaluate the sustainability of their business and can make appropriate decisions for business development. The results after the implementation of the PKM were in line with expectations, where participants were very enthusiastic about asking questions about the accounting process, the concept of business entities and answering the given accounting exercise questions, where the results of the assessment obtained an average score of 58 to 73

Spillover Effect of Climate Disaster for Management Forecast

Climate disasters not only impose substantial economic costs on firms that are directly exposed, but they also generate significant externalities. In this study, I examine how climate disasters hitting product market peers affect management forecasts of a firm that was not directly exposed to significant climate disasters. I find that a firm is less likely to issue an earnings forecast when its product market peers experienced significant climate disasters. The spillover effects are mitigated by the focal firm’s past disaster experience or climate change-related regulatory intervention. My findings are robust to controlling for various alternative explanations. I also find some evidence that climate disasters hitting product market peers are associated with lower efficiency of a firm’s innovation efforts. Collectively, my evidence suggests that an idiosyncratic shock such as climate disaster causes spillover effects transmitted across the entire market through distorting management forecasts and strategic planning.

Design of Augmented Reality as Digital Teaching Media English Vocabulary: Word Warrior

The need for digital learning innovation is one of the latest issues. Especially in learning English. This is because Indonesia, based on the English Proficiency Index, or EPI (English Proficiency Index), is ranked 81st out of 111 countries in the world and is ranked 15th out of 24 countries in Asia with low English proficiency status results. So, in order to encourage English language skills, innovative efforts are needed in English language learning that can generate interest in learning. Especially in delivering English vocabulary teaching materials. Therefore, this research aims to produce a multimedia product that can be applied as an interactive teaching medium for English vocabulary. To achieve the output, this research used the Research and Development research method, using research steps consisting of (1) Define, (2) Design, (3) Development, and (4) Dissemination. However, this research is limited to the development level, so the final result of this research is a digital medium in the form of an Instagram vocabulary game filter game called Word Warrior. This filter game carries vocabulary games with correct spelling.

Graphene's Potential in Electronic Devices: Characteristics, Applications, Challenges, And Solutions

This comprehensive overview explores the multifaceted world of graphene, a two-dimensional crystal structure composed of a single layer of carbon atoms, and its applications in electronic devices. The discussion begins with an introduction highlighting the remarkable potential of graphene in the field of electronics. Section 2 delves into the basic characteristics of graphene, including its atomic structure, excellent electronic properties, optical and thermal attributes, high conductivity, and mobility, as well as its mechanical strength and flexibility. It also briefly outlines the fundamental methods of graphene preparation. Section 3 delves into the application of graphene in electronic devices, covering topics such as graphene's role in Field Effect Transistors (FETs), including carrier control characteristics and the basic principles of FETs. Additionally, it explores the prospects of graphene in FET technology, its application in flexible electronic devices, and its integration into optoelectronic devices. Section 4 addresses the dilemmas and solutions faced by graphene electronic devices, such as issues related to the preparation process and stability, the impact of defects and impurities, and current solutions to overcome these challenges. Finally, the conclusion underscores the immense potential of graphene in revolutionizing electronic devices while recognizing the ongoing efforts for future innovations in this field.

Assessing the impact of remote learning on student engagement: Lessons from global educational responses to crisis

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a global shift towards remote learning in education systems worldwide. This study aims to assess the impact of remote learning on student engagement by examining global educational responses to the crisis. Through a qualitative approach and extensive literature review using library research methods, this research explores the lessons learned from various countries' experiences with remote learning during the pandemic. The analysis focuses on key factors influencing student engagement, including access to technology, teacher-student interaction, curriculum adaptation, and socio-economic disparities. Findings reveal both challenges and opportunities associated with remote learning. While technological limitations and digital divide pose significant barriers to student engagement, innovative teaching strategies, collaborative efforts, and flexible curriculum adjustments have emerged as effective solutions. Furthermore, the study identifies the importance of teacher support, parental involvement, and student motivation in enhancing engagement in remote learning environments. The insights gained from this research provide valuable lessons for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders in designing effective strategies to improve student engagement in remote learning settings, both during crises and beyond.

ON THE WAY TO DIVERSITY, EQUALITY, AND INCLUSIVENESS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: SHOWCASE OF NAZARBAYEV UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

The paper delves into the essential role of universities in providing all students with equal access and opportunities, focusing on their specific responsibilities towards this goal. It scrutinizes the Diversity, Equality, and Inclusivity (DEI) policy at Nazarbayev University (NU), highlighting its dedication to an inclusive academic atmosphere. Evaluating NU’s DEI practices is crucial, reflecting the university’s commitment to an inclusive educational environment. The paper emphasizes the critical need for practical, effective implementation of DEI policies, moving beyond mere theoretical discourse. It examines various strategies and initiatives to ensure diversity, equity, and inclusion are genuinely embedded in the university’s culture, curriculum, and community life. Furthermore, it identifies persistent challenges to achieving real inclusivity in higher education and proposes solutions through innovative and consistent university leadership efforts. Concluding with a forward-looking discussion, the paper suggests potential improvements and strategies for NU’s leadership to refine DEI policies. These recommendations encompass policy modifications, program development, and community engagement to establish a more inclusive and equitable educational environment.

Transformation Model of History Learning in Increasing Student Competency

Since Islamic boarding school-based madrasas maintain books as a source of history learning, teachers face serious challenges, form students' critical and chronological thinking skills through book study. This encourages a transformation of history learning, which has been taking place traditionally. This study aims to explore and describe book-based history teaching and learning to improve student competence. This research is qualitative, using a case study type. Data collection techniques use interviews, observation and documentation. Data is analyzed using relevant theories or previous research findings. Data validity is carried out by extending observations. This study found that book-based history learning was transformed by formulating personal-social goals without ignoring transformative goals, emphasizing a chronological approach in education, and developing CRI (Constructed Response Items) model evaluation questions. Book-based learning activities are different from using modern textbooks. Teachers' creative and innovative efforts are needed to realise learning objectives in madrasas through book learning. Apart from mastering the content, the national curriculum is also directed at developing critical, creative, communicative, collaborative and literacy skills.

Leveraging place-based resources for quality education: insights from a forest community outreach project in Japan

PurposeThis study aims to examine the participants’ [junior high school students and Master of business administration (MBA) consultants] perceptions and utilizations of the multidimensional place-based resources within the context of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), specifically focusing on its alignment with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) for quality education. While place-based resources have demonstrated the potential for fostering innovative thinking and collaborative efforts, a gap exists in understanding how these resources can be effectively integrated to bolster learning and sustainable outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopted a single-case research methodology and conducted an in-depth exploration of the integration of place-based resources within the context of ESD using the 2021 Forest Community Outreach (FCO) Project in Ena City, Japan. Questionnaires, daily journals and consultation reports were used for data collection. This study used the coding and qualitative content analysis process to understand the significance of the five dimensions of place-based resources in fostering effective ESD practices.FindingsThe findings show the gap between interest in ESD and utilization of place-based resources as reflected in the perceptions and interests of junior high school participants. MBA consultants acknowledged the relevance of leveraging the five dimensions of place-based resources in the context of ESD. This research enriches the understanding of recognizing and harnessing different resources within the settings, emphasizing the significance of a multidimensional place-based resources approach to effectively incorporate these resources into ESD, thereby fostering learning and practical sustainability outcomes.Originality/valueThis study conducts a novel analysis of diverse dimensions within the realm of place-based resources and their profound influence on the learning experiences and creativity of participants engaged in ESD. The study lays the groundwork for the validation of place-based resource dimensions through collaborative efforts involving stakeholders within the region.

Market Orientation, Entrepreneurship and SME Performance: The Role of Product Innovation

Aims: This study aims to analyze market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and their impact on SME performance with product innovation as an intervening variable.
 Study Design: Quantitative descriptive.
 Place and Duration of Study: South Celebes, between January 2023 and October 2023.
 Methodology: The population in this study were SMEs managing crabmeat in South Sulawesi. The research method used is a quantitative approach using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument, which was distributed to 132 samples selected from 395 populations using purposive sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using regression analysis to test the relationship between the variables studied with the Smart PLS 3.2.9 application.
 Results: The results showed that Market Orientation has a positive and significant effect on Product Innovation, Entrepreneurial Orientation has a positive and significant effect on Product Innovation, Product Innovation has a positive and significant effect on SME Performance, Market Orientation has a negative and insignificant effect on SME Performance, and Entrepreneurial Orientation has a positive and significant effect on SME Performance. In addition, Market Orientation has a positive and significant effect on SME Performance through Product Innovation, Entrepreneurial Orientation has a positive and significant effect on SME Performance through Product Innovation.
 Conclusion: through product innovation efforts, SMEs can optimize the benefits of entrepreneurial orientation in achieving better performance.

Implementasi Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Lansia Program PKH Plus di Dinas Sosial Provinsi Jawa Timur

The government has attempted various programs to improve the welfare of the elderly, but there are still many cases related to the elderly, so assistance is needed from various parties to jointly help the government develop more innovative efforts to improve the welfare of the elderly. This research aims to understand how the implementation of the PKH Plus social assistance program meets the needs of elderly beneficiaries and creates better behavioral changes, poverty alleviation, and increases the standard of living of the elderly. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method. Data collection used in this research was based on observation and interview techniques. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or data verification. The research results show that the implementation of the PKH Plus program by the East Java Provincial Social Service has contributed to the success of improving the welfare conditions of the elderly in the districts/cities receiving assistance.

Peran Kepemimpinan Kharismatik Dan Transformasional Dalam Mendorong Inovasi Di Pondok Pesantren Jauharul Falah

This research aims to explore and understand the role of charismatic and transformational leadership in the context of thejauharul Falah Islamic Boarding School and how this role influences the innovation process at this institution. In an effort to face the challenges and rapid developments in the modern educational era, it is important to understand how leadership can be a driving force for innovation in traditional Islamic educational institutions.This research adopted a qualitative approach and carried out in-depth analysis through interviews and observations of leaders, teachers and administrative staff at the Islamic Boarding School of Pesantrenjauharul Falah. The research findings reveal that charismatic and transformational leadership plays a central role in shaping the culture of innovation at this institution. Charismatic leadership is able to motivate stakeholders, while transformational leadership inspires positive changes in education and institutional management. The results of field data analysis highlight charismatic and transformational leadership practices that support innovation. Leaders at the Islamic Boarding School Pesantrenjauharul Falah have the ability to create a shared vision and motivate individuals to actively participate in innovation efforts. Furthermore, this research illustrates how innovative changes in curriculum, teaching methods, and institutional management have supported the growth of this Islamic boarding school.Thus, this research provides an important contribution to the understanding of the relationship between charismatic and transformational leadership and innovation in Islamic educational institutions. The implications of this research can provide guidance for similar educational institutions to optimize the role of their leaders in encouraging innovation that is relevant to the demands of the times.

Innovative Strategies for Dental Anatomy Education: A Qualitative Exploration of Online Learning Perceptions

Purpose: COVID-19 mandated emergency remote (online) teaching of dental anatomy at King’s College London. To overcome the challenges of online learning in practical subjects such as dental anatomy, novel approaches to teaching were employed in an attempt to maintain learning quality. Online tutorials were tailored to incorporate technology enhanced learning using digitised lecture slides that emphasised 3-dimensional tooth structures and case-based problem solving along with a key, in-hand, visual aid, namely 1:1 acrylic teeth which were given to each student as a learning accessory. This contemporary online learning format has remained to date. Thus, this work set out to assess the effectiveness of these innovative efforts in online dental anatomy learning and elucidate the key elements that drive learning success. Through this, valuable strategies for improved future course delivery were gained.

The US government customer concentration and the firm innovation

PurposeThis study examines the impact of the US government customer concentration and product innovation in supplier firms. The US government customer concentration is defined as the proportion of sales made by a supplier firm to the US government as a major customer. To measure product innovation, the author uses two key metrics: the number of patents and the novelty of the patents. The results indicate that a supplier firm’s relationship with the US government, as measured by the tenure of the relationship, has a significant impact on product innovation. Furthermore, the author shows that changes in the composition of the US government, Senate can also affect the level of innovation in supplier firms.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the Compustat’s Segment Customer database and the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Patent Citation database to gather information regarding patents granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The author also incorporates data from US Congressional committees from the 96th to 115th Congresses to assess the effect of changes in seniority of US senators on influential committees on the firm’s innovation. For a robustness test, the author utilizes a propensity score matched analysis.FindingsThe author demonstrates that a firm’s dependence on the US government as a customer channel for an extended period negatively impacts the firm’s innovation efficiency, as measured by the number of patents, citations and novelty of the patents. In addition, the author provides evidence that changes in the seniority of US senators on influential committees have a significant impact on firms located in the same state as the new senior senators. These firms decrease innovative efforts due to the political connections, resulting in lower levels of innovation. These findings are robust after controlling the endogeneity issues. In conclusion, this study contributes to the existing literature by offering insight into the relationship between customer concentration and firm innovation. The findings highlight the importance of considering the relationship between firms and their customer base in determining innovation outcomes.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates that a heavy reliance on the US government as a customer channel has a detrimental impact on a firm’s innovation efficiency. Furthermore, the author analyzes the exogenous shock of changes in the seniority of US senators on the relationship between customer dependence and innovation. By utilizing a propensity matched sample, the author addresses endogeneity concerns and provides robust evidence for empirical findings. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the complex relationship between customer dependence and firm innovation, particularly in the context of the US government as a sales channel.

Dynamic control of a firm’s process innovation with knowledge accumulation in a vertically differentiated monopoly

This paper explores a multiproduct firm’s process innovation of high-and low-quality goods with knowledge accumulation in a vertically differentiated monopoly. We show that: (i) the system admits a saddle-point steady-state equilibrium under firm decision-making and social planner adjustment, respectively; (ii) the firm’s learning rates of knowledge accumulation of process innovation call for more intense efforts in both directions; (iii) there is a substitution between the process innovation for these two kinds of goods; (iv) the social incentive towards both kinds of innovation efforts is always larger than the private incentive characterizing the profit-seeking firm. Our contribution extends the dynamic innovation literature that focuses on single-good and considers the effects of corresponding knowledge accumulation on process innovation of these two kinds of goods. Further, this theoretical work contributes to the design of efficient innovation effort strategies for firms’ process innovation with corresponding knowledge accumulation in a vertically differentiated monopoly market.

Does proactive boundary‐spanning search drive green innovation? Exploring the significance of green dynamic capabilities and analytics capabilities

AbstractSuccessful innovation requires firms to search beyond their organizational confines for complementary knowledge resources ahead of their competitors. While such proactive boundary‐spanning search (PBS) provides relevant knowledge resources for green innovations, it can also lead to information overload that derails green innovation efforts. Therefore, there is a need to understand how and when PBS translates into green innovation. This study combines the dynamic capabilities theory with the organizational information processing theory to develop a moderated mediation model that espouses the role of green dynamic capability and analytics capability in the relationship between PBS and green innovation. The study's hypothesis is tested using firm‐level survey data from 200 manufacturing firms in Ghana. Partial least squares structural equations modeling (PLS‐SEM) and PROCESS were used to evaluate the research model. The results confirm a positive relationship between PBS and green dynamic capabilities, and also between green dynamic capabilities and green innovation. More importantly, PBS drives green innovation through green dynamic capability, particularly at moderate and high levels of analytics capability. The theoretical and managerial implications of the study are outlined in the text.

To Transfer or Not? Analysis of the Original Equipment Manufacturer's Strategic Outsourcing Strategy in the Presence of the Supplier's Innovation Effort

Recently, a new trend has arisen in which many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) outsourced to traditional low-cost manufacturing bases (e.g., China) have started to transfer production to new emerging regions with even lower costs (e.g., Southeast Asia). However, it is still unclear whether and when OEMs should transfer to the new environment, especially when taking the traditional supplier's initial innovation effort into consideration. To address this question, we consider a sourcing game where one OEM sources from a traditional low-cost supplier that can be either competitive (CS) or noncompetitive (NS) initially. Moreover, both of these types of suppliers have the ability to innovate by themselves. Driven by the increasing cost pressure, the OEM may transfer to a new supplier (LS) that has an even lower cost but suffers yield uncertainty. The equilibrium results show that the OEM is less likely to transfer when its brand value is large enough. Interestingly, we find that the competition between the CS and OEM does not always prompt the OEM to transfer. When the brand advantage is large enough and the traditional supplier's unit production cost for the OEM is moderate, the OEM should not transfer under the CS scenario but should transfer under the NS scenario. Finally, we find that when the OEM's brand advantage increases, the effectiveness of innovation in preventing the OEM from transferring decreases under the CS scenario, while it increases under the NS scenario.

Guest Editorial: Unleasing the Power of Customer Advisory Boards Combined With a Customer Value-Based Strategy

_ In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, innovation has become the key to success. Companies that can adapt, innovate, and stay ahead of the curve not only survive, but thrive. To achieve this, a fresh approach to innovation is required: one that harnesses the collective wisdom of customer advisory boards and prioritizes a strategy based on customer value. In this article, we delve into the value of co-creating innovation through these two critical elements. The Power of Customer Advisory Boards Customer advisory boards are invaluable assets for any forward-thinking, innovative organization. They are not just a forum for feedback, but a mechanism for co-creating value and fostering innovation. They serve as a strategic tool for an organization to gain valuable insight, enhance customer relationships, and drive innovation. The facilitated collaboration leads to improved products, market-driven innovation, stronger customer relationships, and market success. The diverse backgrounds and expertise of the customers who make up an advisory board provide a holistic perspective that internal teams might lack. Here’s how advisory boards contribute to innovation. Unbiased Insights and Feedback. Customer advisory board members bring fresh eyes to a company’s products and challenges and provide a structured platform for customers to voice their opinions, share experiences, and offer feedback on products and services as well as the overall customer journey. They offer impartial insights and constructive criticism, allowing for a more accurate assessment of innovation efforts. Market Validation. These boards typically comprise individuals with deep industry knowledge. Their expertise helps identify emerging trends and opportunities, ensuring that innovation efforts are aligned with industry advancements and customer expectations; thus, avoiding costly misinnovation from misalignment with the market. This ensures that when a product is developed, there is market demand for the product. Enhanced Customer Relationships. Customer advisory boards can open doors to new partnerships, collaborations, and resources. They connect organizations to a broader ecosystem, fostering innovation through collaboration. Co-Creation of Solutions. Customer advisory boards enable collaborative problem solving and solutions. Customers, as experts in their fields, actively participate in ideation and development of new products and features to solve their challenges and address future business requirements. This co-creation ensures solutions meet specific customer needs driven by current challenges. A collective voice of the board ensures solutions and products are not too customized for a specific customer but fit the needs of the broader market experiencing the same challenges.

INNOVATION METRICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: AN INNOVATIONOLOGY-BASED COMPREHENSIVE, MULTIDIMENSIONAL FRAMEWORK

Innovation has become a fundamental driver of economic progress, social well-being, and environmental sustainability in the 21st century. As organizations and policymakers grapple with the complexities of fostering and scaling transformative innovations, the need for robust, multidimensional approaches to measuring innovation performance has become increasingly critical. This article presents a comprehensive innovation metrics framework that is grounded in the emerging field of Innovationology, a transdisciplinary science developed by the author for understanding the multilevel, systemic, and contextual nature of innovation processes and outcomes. Drawing on the Innovationology perspective, the proposed framework transcends traditional financial and output-based measures to capture the intangible, organizational, ecosystem, societal, and sustainability-oriented determinants of innovation success. This multidimensional approach empowers global stakeholders to navigate the evolving innovation landscape, make informed decisions, and unlock the transformative potential of innovation for sustainable progress. Moreover, the article critically examines the limitations of conventional national and global innovation indices, such as the Global Innovation Index (GII) and the Bloomberg Innovation Index, which have long been the primary tools for benchmarking and comparing innovation performance across countries. Recognizing the shortcomings of these static, input-output-oriented models, this study proposes alternative frameworks that better capture the multidimensional, contextual, and systemic nature of innovation performance, drawing on the theoretical foundations of Innovationology. By integrating a diverse set of quantitative and qualitative indicators across multiple levels of analysis, this Innovationologybased innovation metrics framework empowers organizations, policymakers, and innovation ecosystem members to foster a more holistic understanding of their innovation capabilities, identify areas for improvement, and align their innovation efforts with the pressing challenges of the 21st century, ultimately contributing to the realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Revolutionizing Agriculture: The Impact of AI and IoT

This review comprehensively examines the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in revolutionizing agricultural practices. It highlights how these technologies are pivotal in enhancing crop productivity, optimizing resource use, and ensuring sustainability in response to the challenges of a growing global population and environmental concerns. The article synthesizes key studies to showcase advancements in smart aquaponics and marine farming, emphasizing the the importance of implementation of AI and IoT in agriculture faces significant challenges, including high costs, a digital skills gap among farmers, data management issues, and the need for robust technology. The review also addresses the socio-economic impacts, such as potential job displacement due to automation. Looking ahead, the article suggests that overcoming these challenges will require concerted efforts in technological innovation, policy-making, and education. The future of AI and IoT in agriculture is seen as promising, with potential for further advancements and wider adoption. The integration of these technologies with emerging fields like blockchain could lead to more secure, efficient, and transparent agricultural practices, contributing significantly to global food security and environmental sustainability.