Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol Research Articles

SGMRP-Utilizing a Mobile Ad Hoc Network to Develop a Scalable Geographic Multicast Routing Protocol for Localization

Group’s communications using Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have recently drawn a lot of interest. Information is delivered to a group of receivers simultaneously through a process known as multipath. Therefore, to enable team communication activities, an effective and efficient multipath routing protocol is essential. Enhancing multicast routing has been the subject of numerous initiatives. However, they don't account for scalability. A scalable geographic multicast routing protocol was proposed in this research (SGMRP). This protocol's primary goal is to create a compact, adaptable multipath routing strategy that works regardless of the number of broadcast participants or the magnitude of the network. Using a prediction model and cross-validation techniques, the model performance evaluation tool assesses model effectiveness. The satisfaction with the service was also evaluated using a question. In addition to reducing the number of participating nodes in localization, the proposed method also gets rid of duplicate packets between clusters. The article introduces the framework's fundamental idea, details its transparent implementations, and finishes with a preliminary assessment of the framework based on typical mobile software kinds.

Quality of service aware energy efficient multipath routing protocol for internet of things using hybrid optimization algorithm

Quality of service aware energy efficient multipath routing protocol for internet of things using hybrid optimization algorithm

Energy efficient multipath routing protocol for MANET for enhancing QoS and QoE in multimedia applications

In mobile ad hoc network (MANET) the devices are interconnected by wireless manner that are able to ubiquitously retrieve contents such as video and audio streams, still images, and scalar sensor data from the environment. MANET provides low power in hazardous environment where replacement of fault evaluation in the MANET is impossible. Hence, development of an energy efficient network is essential in MANET, where the cost of network depends on the energy consumption of each mobile node. Overutilization of energy by a mobile node cannot contribute to the utility or the network as a whole. Hence to optimize the utilization of energy at each node, we propose an energy efficient multipath routing protocol for MANET for enhancing QoS and QoE metrics (EMRP-QQ), which can eventually minimize the data loss and hence there liability of the mobile nodes and the overall network. In our proposed approach an energy efficient clustering is performed using particle swarm optimization (PSO), where all the nodes are clustered without any residual nodes left in the system. Using the appropriate selection of CH and SCH the overall networks overhead utilization is reduced and hence the QoS of the network is enhanced. The result obtained through NS-2 simulation shows that the proposed algorithm performs better than FQ-MP-OLSR approach in terms of reduced energy consumption of each node without affecting QoS and QoE metrics.

Energy Efficient Disjoint Multipath Routing Protocol Using Simulated Annealing in MANET

Existing energy efficient multi path routing protocol in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) are not spatially disjoint and did not consider link availability and queuing delay. Hence an energy efficient disjoint multipath routing protocol using Simulated Annealing technique is proposed in this paper. In this protocol, routing will be performed based on the path cost and link cost metric, which in turn is dependent on the network and node characteristics like link availability, network load, battery drain rate, etc. Thus, the nodes selected for routing will be appropriate and will ensure successful data delivery at the destination. Since this technique takes into consideration all the minute network and node features, it can be assured that most of the network failure situations can be avoided, and thus guaranteeing efficient network operation.

An Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol for Decentralized Wireless Sensor Networks for Mission and Safety-Critical Systems

Background: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a useful integral part of mission and safety-critical systems, whose failure may result in injury, loss of life, serious environmental damage and/or may result in the failure of some goal-directed activities. Its major challenges are reliability, and security related issues during data delivery. To mitigate these, the development of secure routing protocols, which are capable of optimum utilization of WSNs’ nodes resources for effective data delivery, has been one of the major research interests. However, most of the existing single path routing protocols for WSNs are not able to meet with up with the performance requirements of the mission and safety-critical systems. Meanwhile, a few that are multipath require high computational power, energy and their multiple paths are not ranked, this makes them unsuitable as routing protocol for WSNs in mission and safety-critical systems. Objective: In this work, we propose a secure multipath routing protocol based on sectorisation and best neighbouring nodes selection models to meet up with the performance requirements of WSNs in the mission and safety-critical systems. The protocol is capable of providing optimal multiple ranked route paths for reliable data delivery. Methods: A route management technique, using direct approach, is developed for selecting different optimal data paths for reliable data routing. Also, simple but efficient lightweight privacy preserving authentication scheme is proposed for the protocol to ensure security and privacy during data routing. Computational and security analysis were performed to ascertain its efficiency in terms of computational cost, energy consumption and security. Results: The results showed that SMRP achieved better performance compared to the two stateof- the-art solutions in terms of end-to-end delay, energy consumption and data routing reliability. Conclusion: The proposed protocol is suitable for wireless sensor network due to its low delay, low energy consumption and routing reliability metrics.

Cluster based Energy Efficient multipath Routing in WSN

A wireless sensor network (WSNs) is made out of a huge gathering of sensor nodes with restricted assets as far as battery supplied energy. Consequently, the plan of an energy-efficient and extensible routing protocol is a critical worry for WSN applications. In this paper, we propose a novel improved Cluster based energy efficient multipath routing protocol (ICEEMRP) is utilized for energy efficient selection and reselection of CH for multipath routing to transfer the data from source to destination efficiently and simultaneously improving network lifetime. The proposed work take up an improved multipath structure scheme in order to accomplish the balance of the network energy utilization. The proposed plan also plays out the aggressive calculations for parameters, like, packet delivery ratio, energy utilization, network lifetime, and network overhead. The results shows that there is an enormous amount of energy saved in the network and hence improved network lifetime compared to conventional routing techniques.

IMPROVE THE LIFE OF NETWORK IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING CLUSTER BASED EEEMR PROTOCOL

Ponte Academic JournalDec 2020, Volume 76, Issue 12 IMPROVE THE LIFE OF NETWORK IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING CLUSTER BASED EEEMR PROTOCOL Author(s): K. Hari Krishna ,Tapas Kumar, Y. Suresh BabuJ. Ponte - Dec 2020 - Volume 76 - Issue 12 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.12.11 Abstract:Energy efficient routing is a one of the major trusted area in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The wireless sensor network composed of a large number of sensor nodes which has limited energy resource. The sensor nodes are working through the battery, energy saving becomes more vital issue in WSNs. The routing algorithms assure that the concept of energy saving without affecting the Quality of Service (QoS). Parameters like Throughput, End to End Delay, Overhead and Packet Delivery Ratio in the existing algorithm in EEEMR Protocol. The development of cluster based sensor networks have recently shown to decrease the system delay, overhead and increase the system throughput and packet delivery ratio. Simulation is performed using NS2 and results shows that the proposed system is better than the system the Enhanced Energy Efficient Multipath Routing (EEEMR) Protocol is implemented. The EEEMR Protocol is modification of AOMDV Protocol. In this paper, we are implementing Clustering existing system. The proposed system energy consumption is decreased by 13% compared to the existing system. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

IEEMARP- a novel energy efficient multipath routing protocol based on ant Colony optimization (ACO) for dynamic sensor networks

In the past few years, research and development in Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs) have gained momentum due to its numerous applications in agriculture, industrial manufacturing, military surveillance, environmental monitoring, consumer electronics, medical & healthcare, disaster recovery operations etc. Dynamic WSNs offer a robust blend of distributed sensing, computing and communication. Dynamic sensor networks are characterized by large scale deployment, dynamic and unstructured topology, power limitations, less memory and limited computational capabilities. Sensor nodes deployed in real-time environment’s for sensing data have power-limitations which hampers the overall performance of WSNs. So, the only obvious solution is to propose an energy efficient routing protocol to optimize WSN real-time performance. Different specialists have proposed various directing conventions for WSNs dependent on Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithms, Meta-Heuristics, and other improvement strategies. However, every solution suggested till date has its advantages and limitations. In this paper, our primary objective is to utilize Swarm-Intelligence based approach i.e. “Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)”, for routing protocol development. Ant colony optimization (ACO) based approach gives optimal solution in terms of efficient routing path determination, energy efficiency and delivering high performance in terms of packet delivery and throughput. In this paper, we propose a novel energy efficient ACO based multipath routing protocol for WSN i.e. IEEMARP (Improvised Energy Efficient Multipath ACO based Routing Protocol). The proposed protocol works in three phases (Neighbor Discovery via Link Knowledge, Packet Transmission via exponentially weighted moving average method and ACKR packet delivery for assuring end-to-end delivery. To validate the performance of the protocol proposed, extensive simulations were conducted using NS-2.35-allinone simulator on diverse parameters like (PDR), throughput, routing overhead, energy consumption and end-to-end delay. In addition to this, the performance of protocol is compared with traditional routing protocols like Basic ACO, DSDV and DSR and other ACO based WSN protocols like ACEAMR, AntChain, EMCBR, IACR, AntHQSeN, FACOR and ANTALG. Simulation based results, clearly states that as compared to Basic ACO, DSDV and DSR, the performance of WSN network is improvised to around 10% in all performance metrics via IEEMARP routing protocol. And as compared to ACEAMR, AntChain, EMCBR and IACR, IEEMARP performs 20% better in overall functionality and almost 10–12% better as compared to AntHQSeN, FACOR, ANTLAG routing protocols in varied WSN scenarios. It is also observed that IEEMARP protocol is highly efficient in TCP packet transmission from source to destination node.

Detection of Optimized Intermediate Sensor Nodes Using Carrier Sensing Power and Genus Factor for Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Detection of Optimized Intermediate Sensor Nodes Using Carrier Sensing Power and Genus Factor for Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

A novel ant colony optimization (ACO) based energy efficient multipath routing protocol for sensor communications

A novel ant colony optimization (ACO) based energy efficient multipath routing protocol for sensor communications

Energy Efficient Hierarchical Multi-Path Routing Protocol to Alleviate Congestion in WSN

Congestion easily occurs in wireless sensor networks (WSN) due to it's centralized traffic pattern. In order to achieve high energy efficiency, network longevity, better fairness and quality of service, it is important to detect congestion in WSN in a timely manner. In this paper, an energy efficient hierarchical multi-path routing protocol to alleviate congestion and to balance energy is proposed. The algorithm is designed by partitioning the network into equal sized zones to achieve complete network connectivity and to reduce packet transmissions. The zone leaders selected are shifted on different nodes based on network dynamic conditions to avoid hotspots and to provide energy balancing. For an efficient data transmission, quicker and optimal multiple paths are established using merged zone and hierarchical network topology structure. The proposed algorithm detects the congestion by monitoring the path quality. The detected congestion is a result of overloaded links or nodes on the path. In addition, the algorithm proactively controls the congestion by dynamically shifting the transmission paths on their quality and alleviate it reactively using traffic splitting approach. The goal of this approach is to control resources instead of controlling the network load. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs better as compared to other congestion control algorithms in terms of throughput, energy consumption and packet delivery ratio in a resource constraint wireless sensor network.

Energy efficient hierarchical multi-path routing protocol to alleviate congestion in WSN

Energy efficient hierarchical multi-path routing protocol to alleviate congestion in WSN

ANALYSES OF DIFFERENT PROTOCOLS FOR MULTIPATH ROUTING IN WSN

Modern progress in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for instance observation, traffic observation as well as storeroom of probable applicable are planned to cherish the authentic planet. For these network severe necessities of quick, dependable protocol to convene the restraint that is latency, highest packet received ratio, good put as well as energy efficiency. In this article we have reviewed the several multi path routing protocols such as Energy Efficient Multi Path (EEMP) routing protocol, Secure and Energy efficient Multi Path (SEMP) routing protocol, Bandwidth Aware Multi Path (BAMP) routing protocol, Cooperative Multi Path (CMP) routing protocol as well as QoS Multi Path (QoSMP) routing protocol. The simulation of multi path routing is offered depend on packet received ratio, average delay as well as energy efficiency in WSN.

Collaboration of Trusted Node and QoS Based Energy Multi Path Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In the recent past information transmission through the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) playing a vital role due to increase in accident statistics. There are numerous networking and VANET protocols helpful to control the trust while transmitting the data from source to destination nodes in traffic environment. In spite of many existing protocols for analyzing the trust in the network, the challenge of routing overhead, high energy consumption and malicious attacks issues still continue in the communication. This research introduces the trust collaboration nodes and Quality of Service (QoS) with energy multipath routing protocol for transmitting the information through VANET. Initially, the trusted nodes have been collected for analyzing the neighbouring nodes and the information are transmitted using the proposed QoS based energy efficient multipath routing protocol. During this transmission, the multi path protocol eliminates the intermediate attacks effectively when compared with the other existing protocols. The Proposed protocol maintains the QoS while routing the information from source to destination and further the efficiency has been analyzed through simulation experiments and Montgomery multiplier based Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) will be used in future for better security and privacy.

Efficient fuzzy ant colony-based multipath QoS aware routing protocol in mobile ad hoc network

Efficient fuzzy ant colony-based multipath QoS aware routing protocol in mobile ad hoc network

Improving the Network Life Time of Wireless Sensor Network using EEEMR Protocol with Clustering Algorithm

Energy efficient routing is a one of the major trusted area in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The wireless sensor network composed of a large number of sensor nodes which has limited energy resource. The sensor nodes are working through the battery, energy saving becomes more vital issue in WSNs. The routing algorithms assure the concept of energy saving without affecting the Quality of Service (QoS) Parameters like Throughput, End to End Delay, Overhead and Packet Delivery Ratio. In the existing system the Enhanced Energy Efficient Multipath Routing (EEEMR) Protocol is implemented. The EEEMR Protocol is modification of AOMDV Protocol. In this paper, we are implementing Clustering algorithm in EEEMR Protocol. The development of cluster based sensor networks have recently shown to decrease the system delay, overhead and increase the system throughput and packet delivery ratio. Simulation is performed using NS2 and results shows that the proposed system is better than the existing system. The proposed system energy consumption is decreased by 13% compared to the existing system.

Enhancing trust in mobile ad-hoc network using trust and dynamic with energy efficient multipath routing protocol

Enhancing trust in mobile ad-hoc network using trust and dynamic with energy efficient multipath routing protocol

Enhancing trust in mobile ad-hoc network using trust and dynamic with energy efficient multipath routing protocol

Mobile ad-hoc network is one of the most effective self-configuring and infrastructure less based communication networks. During the communication process, trust between the networks is placed an important issue due to the intermediate attacks. Several types of research introduce the trust-based communication protocol for overcoming privacy issues but still, the efficiency of the trust is one of the major problems. So, this paper introduces the optimised trust and energy efficient multipath routing protocol based on the maintained energy of the node to overcome the issues. The intermediate attack in the network has been eliminated with the help of the trust and dynamic with energy efficient multipath routing protocol. The established trust has been used for a multipath routing protocol. Then, the efficiency of the system is analysed using the packet delivery ratio and security. The method ensures the trust in the network by applying the computation, aggregation, and propagation and prediction process.

Shortest and Efficient Multipath Routing in Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET)

Objectives: In this paper, our work is intended to improve the nodes mobility within the network, as it is still in development stage. Methods/Statistical Analysis An automatic system for finding the efficient routing path is still a challenging task. In order to overcome the problem, we propose Short and Efficient Multipath Routing (SEMR) protocol which enables successful routing system by enabling minimum bandwidth in accordance with delay free networking system. Findings: This (SEMR) protocol applies on-demand routing protocols which find shortest route for communication-based on default parameters. The packet transmission consumes less packet loss ratio with minimum data rates. The implementation work is examined by means of performing simulations in NS2. Here the simulation parameters among every node were implemented based on the 802.11 standards according to the parameters. The test case is carried out with 200 nodes which compare the various factors like packet drops, testing the ability in finding the intermediate nodes, bandwidth and time delay. The best fact of Short and Efficient multipath routing (SEMR) methodology is the exchange of different parameters according to the protocol stack. It is also efficient in terms of security on finding the routes compared to the traditional or other mechanisms currently available in the industry. Application/Improvements:The SEMR protocol performance is tested with other existing protocols such as Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination –Sequenced Distance-Vector outing (DSDV). By which the obtained shows that the new scheme is free from fault tolerance with competent in achieving the networking system. Finally, the proposed system is well capable of decision making, especially in the network layers.

End-to-End Link Reliable Energy Efficient Multipath Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Among the many multipath routing protocols, the AOMDV is widely used in highly dynamic ad hoc networks because of its generic feature. Since the communicating nodes in AOMDV are prone to link failures and route breaks due to the selection of multiple routes between any source and destination pair based on minimal hop count which does not ensure end-to-end reliable data transmission. To overcome such problems, we propose a novel node disjoint multipath routing protocol called End-to-End Link Reliable Energy Efficient Multipath Routing (E2E-LREEMR) protocol by extending AOMDV. The E2E-LREEMR finds multiple link reliable energy efficient paths between any source and destination pair for data transmission using two metrics such as Path-Link Quality Estimator and Path-Node Energy Estimator. We evaluate the performance of E2E-LREEMR protocol using NS 2.34 with varying network flows under random way-point mobility model and compare it with AOMDV routing protocol in terms of Quality of Service metrics. When there is a hike in network flows, the E2E-LREEMR reduces 30.43 % of average end-to-end delay, 29.44 % of routing overhead, 32.65 % of packet loss ratio, 18.79 % of normalized routing overhead and 12.87 % of energy consumption. It also increases rather 10.26 % of packet delivery ratio and 6.96 % of throughput than AOMDV routing protocol.