The mixed shaft in the mine is used as the main inlet and return air shaft and also as the lifting shaft. The piston wind effect caused by the frequent operation of large and efficient lifting equipment in the shaft will disturb the normal air flow in the shaft and cause the air flow disorder. So It is important to study influencing factors and the series of piston effects of inner cage operation in the hoisting shaft. This paper firstly derives a theoretical model of piston wind for double cage operation in a wellbore based on the non-constant flow theory of Bernoulli’s equation, and derives the influencing factors of piston wind. Then, according to the actual situation of the mine, a 3D fluid simulation model of cage hoisting is established. Based on the verified simulation method, the transient division of labor of piston wind effect and its influencing factors is simulated and the influence of various factors on the development law of piston wind is analyzed in detail. The study results show that the main factors influencing the piston wind are the cage operating conditions, the cage operating speed, the shaft blockage ratio and the initial ventilation speed in the shaft. The operation of the cage produces an eddy current zone, which causes air flow disorder in the wellbore and affects the ventilation effect of the shaft. The piston wind speed is the highest when the cage running against the wind, while the speed is lower running with the wind. The most complex wind flow disturbance occurs when the two cages meet, which is almost block the flow of wind in the shaft. The change of cage operating speed and wellbore blockage ratio is related to the piston wind speed and pressure changes linearly in different conditions. There is the best blockage ratio between the hoisting cage and the shaft, which can cause the highest average ventilation speed in the shaft, and the best blockage ratio of the study model is 0.32.