Efficient Filler Research Articles

Hydrogen-peroxide intercalated expanded graphite facilitates large enhancement in thermal conductivity of polyetherimide/graphite nanocomposites

In this work, we prepared expanded graphite (EG) filler using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidizing agent to study its impact on the thermal conductivity (k) of polyetherimide (PEI) composite, compared to EG prepared using sodium chlorate (NaClO3). Sulfuric acid was used as the primary intercalating agent for both synthesis routes. The use of H2O2 prepared EG (EG-H2O2) led to a remarkable ∼4030% enhancement (9.5 Wm−1K−1) in k of the PEI/EG composite, while the use of NaClO3 prepared EG (EG-NaClO3) led to a much smaller enhancement of ∼2190% (5.3 Wm−1K−1), at 10 wt% EG composition compared to kPEI (∼0.23 Wm−1K−1). Such findings exceed the current state-of-art in EG-based polymer composites. Detailed characterization was performed to understand the properties of EG-H2O2 and EG-NaClO3. Raman analysis revealed that H2O2 resulted in relatively defect-free EG (ID/IG ratio ∼0.04), thus preserving the k of graphite (∼2000 Wm−1K−1). Use of NaClO3, however, led to a large defect density (ID/IG ratio ∼0.25), yielding graphite with significantly diminished k. Furthermore, through-plane thermal diffusivity of EG-H2O2 paper was measured to be 9.5 mm2s-1 while that of NaClO3 case was measured to be 6.7 mm2s-1, thus directly confirming the beneficial impact of H2O2 in preserving the high k of graphene. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the higher number of defects in EG-NaClO3 are due to the higher degree of oxidation induced by NaClO3. The results demonstrate the potential of EG-H₂O₂ as an efficient filler for achieving high thermal conductivity polymer composites.

Expanded Illite Filler in UV-Curable Polymer Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries

In this study, we explored the potential of illite sourced from Yeongdong-eup, South Korea, as a filler in polymer electrolytes for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. The illite was expanded (EI) by acid treatment and UV curing was employed to synthesize the polymer electrolytes. The Li+ ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolytes was measured at various EI contents, revealing the highest conductivity of 1.08 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 4 wt% of the EI. The electrochemical performance of NMC cells assembled with the EI-incorporated polymer electrolyte showed a good discharge capacity of over 158.6 mAh g−1 with a coulombic efficiency of 99%. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of EI as a sustainable and efficient filler material for enhancing the performance of polymer-based all-solid-state Li batteries. This study highlighted the applicability of illite sourced from South Korea and its potential contribution to the development of polymer-based all-solid-state batteries.

Migration of naphthalene in a biochar-amended bioretention facility based on HYDRUS-1D analysis

Biochar has been proved as a promising and efficient filler in bioretention facilities for enhancing the stormwater pollutants removal. However, the migration behaviors of stormwater pollutants in biochar filled bioretention facilities is unclear. In this study, as one of the most typical stormwater pollutants, naphthalene was selected as an example and a HYDRUS-1D model was first used to understand the migration behavior of naphthalene in a bioretention facility. In comparison with the conventional bioretention soil media (sandy loam), the amended biochar filled bioretention cell showed that the naphthalene removal rate was enhanced by up to 10.1%. Meanwhile, the experimental data was well-fitted by the “two-site sorption model” in HYDRUS-1D model. Another, the effect of rainfall intensity on the naphthalene migration in both bioretention columns was further investigated. The HYDRUS-1D model fitting indicated that the increase in rainfall intensity promoted naphthalene migration by increasing hydraulic conductivity and water flux. In addition, static batch experiments revealed that the biochar filled fillers achieved about 50% higher adsorption capacity than sandy loam. The sensitivity analysis from the HYDRUS-1D model data verified adsorption coefficient Kd and longitudinal dispersivity λ are the main factors affecting naphthalene migration. Finally, the model simulation displays that the proportion of naphthalene retained by the fillers was highest during high rainfall intensities, indicating that the fillers remain the most important fate for naphthalene. This study presents research on the behavior and mechanisms of stormwater pollutant transport through improved bioretention facilities.

A thermogravimetric analysis of residual char formation by gilsonite-filled, polyfurfuryl alcohol composites: acid treatment of gilsonite

Gilsonite (GLS), a natural bitumen containing a considerable amount of asphaltenes, is expected to leave heavy char after pyrolysis; however, its high potential as an efficient filler to enhance the thermal properties of composite materials is surprisingly neglected throughout the literature. On the other hand, polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) has attracted much attention as a thermosetting resin due to its excellent char-leaving characteristics, the renewable nature of the monomer(s), and high accessibility at an affordable cost. This study aimed to investigate the thermal stability and char-forming performance of composites made of a PFA resin matrix filled with chemically modified GLS. To modify the ash and sulfur contents of GLS, the nitric acid leaching process was performed according to a D-optimal experimental design approach. The nitric acid concentration (10, 20, and 30 wt.%), treatment time (30, 75, and 120 min), and reaction temperature (30 °C, 50 °C, and 70 °C) were set as the input variables. The morphology (SEM), chemical structure (FTIR), thermal stability (TGA), sulfur content, and ash content of the GLS particles were characterized before and after acid treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the lowest ash content for GLS after treatment with 10 wt.% acid conc. at 75 °C for 75 min. The nitric acid concentration, reaction temperature, and time were the most influential parameters for improving the ash content of GLS according to their order of appearance. In addition, the inorganic form of sulfur, pyrite, was separated through the acid leaching process. Then, the PFA resin matrix was filled with modified GLS particles at different weight percentages (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) and cured in the presence of an acid catalyst. The thermal stability of the PFA resin was negatively affected by the presence of GLS, probably due to oxidation reactions and disruption of the integrity of the resin structure.

Natural rubber composites reinforced with sodium sulfate waste from pigment industry: A circular economy approach for solid waste management

The massive industrial waste discharged into the environment adversely affects the ecological system. Traditional methods like landfilling or other disposal methods can no longer be adequate to handle them, and their reutilization is consequently gaining popularity. Most chemical industries generate a large amount of sodium sulfate waste (SSW), contaminating air and water. Hence, its reutilization in natural rubber (NR) as a reinforcing filler is explored. SSW generated in Ultramarine and Pigments Ltd., Chennai, India, was procured and characterized. The fabricated NR-SSW composite's cure, mechanical, and sorption features have been investigated. NR composite with 7.5 phr (parts per hundred of rubber) SSW showed a 9 %, 14 % and 29 % increase in tensile strength, tear strength, and modulus at 300 % elongation, respectively, and a remarkable decrease in abrasion loss and higher abrasion resistance index (ARI) as compared to NR-Neat. All these properties decreased beyond 7.5 phr SSW addition, proving its better adhesion on NR up to 7.5 phr loading. The experimental tensile strength showed a good correlation with Turcsányi-Pukànszky-Tüdõs (T-P-T) model, confirming the better matrix-filler interaction up to 7.5 phr SSW loading. Sorption studies proved the better barrier properties of NR-SSW7.5 composite compared to NR-Neat. Various kinetic parameters were studied, and a suitable transportation method was suggested. NR-SSW7.5 composite, having remarkable mechanical and barrier properties, finds application in various rubber products manufacture. The reutilization of SSW as an efficient filler in NR is an innovative attempt from a circular economy perspective, as it reduces production costs and environmental pollution.

Exploring Olive Pit Powder as a Filler for Enhanced Thermal Insulation in Epoxy Mortars to Increase Sustainability in Building Construction

This article explores the use of olive pit powder (OPP) as a promising resource for enhancing the thermal insulation properties of epoxy mortars. A comprehensive analysis of the chemical and physical characteristics of OPP was conducted, employing analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis and emitted gas analysis (TG-MS-EGA), and proximal analysis. Experimental samples of epoxy grout were prepared by using different proportions of a conventional inorganic filler, quartz powder, and OPP within an epoxy mortar matrix. As the percentage of OPP in the formulation increased, the microstructure of the samples gradually became more porous and less compact. Consequently, there was a decrease in density with the increase in OPP content. The 28-day compressive strength decreased from 46 MPa to 12.8 MPa, respectively, in the samples containing only quartz (Sample E) and only OPP (Sample A) as a filler. Similarly, flexural strength decreased from 35.2 to 5.3 MPa. The thermal conductivity decreased from 0.3 W/mK in Sample E to 0.11 in Sample A. Therefore, increasing the %wt of OPP improved insulating properties while reducing the mechanical resistance values. This study highlights the potential of OPP as an environmentally friendly and thermally efficient filler for epoxy mortars, thereby promoting sustainable construction practices.

The influence of interface products on the mechanical and electrical properties of graphene aluminum composites

Graphene has been identified as an efficient filler to increase the strength and conductivity of aluminum but the reaction between aluminum and graphene at elevated temperature is inevitable. In this research, diverse interfacial products between aluminum and graphene were generated by modulating the sintering temperature, and their influences on the mechanical and electrical characteristics of graphene-aluminum composites were examined. Copper encapsulation on graphene has been utilized to isolate graphene from contacting aluminum directly as well as to doping graphene for conduction purposes. The synthesis of copper-coated graphene-reinforced aluminum composites involved several steps, including electrochemical exfoliation, electroless chemical deposition, mechanical ball milling, and high-pressure sintering. The results demonstrate that the formation of a solid solution between copper nanoparticles and aluminum promotes strong interfacial bonding with graphene, leading to a 22.76 % improvement in the conductivity of the composite compared to the pristine aluminum matrix. Additionally, by minimizing the formation of aluminum carbide, the addition of graphene results in a tensile strength of 404 MPa for the composite material, representing a significant 88.8 % increase over the aluminum matrix.

Effectiveness of a novel composite filler to enhance phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands.

Improving the adsorption performance of wetland fillers is of great significance for enhancing pollutant removal in constructed wetlands. Currently, limited by complex preparation processes and high costs, large numbers of high adsorption fillers studied in lab are difficult to be applied in practical engineering. In this study, a newly low-cost and efficient phosphorus removal composite wetland filler (CFB) is prepared by using industrial and agriculture waste (steel slag and oyster shells) and natural ore (volcanic rock) as raw materials. The results show that phosphorus removal efficiency was largely enhanced by synergistic effects of steel slag, oyster shells, and volcanic rock, and it was mainly influenced by the proportion of each component of CFB. Based on the fitting of the classical isothermal equation, the adsorption capacity of CFB is 18.339 mg/g. The adsorption of phosphorus by CFB is endothermic and spontaneous, and there are heterogeneous surfaces and multi-layer adsorption processes, as well as pH value and temperature, are free from the influence on CFB phosphorus removal. During the practical wastewater application experiments, the phosphorus removal rate of the CFB-filled constructed wetland apparatus (CW-A) can reach 94.89% and is free from the influence on the removal of other pollutants (COD, TN, and NH3-N) by the system. Overall, the prepared CFB is of excellent decontamination effect, an extremely simple preparation process, low cost, and sound practical engineering application potential, providing new ideas and approaches for enhancing the phosphorus removal capacity and waste resource utilization of constructed wetland systems.

Research progress of metal organic framework materials in anti-corrosion coating

Abstract In recent decades of research, organic coatings have been considered the most effective and economical measure for corrosion protection of metals. However, defects in organic coatings created during the curing reaction provide corrosion channels for corrosive media, which in turn accelerate the failure of metallic materials. Functional nanomaterials are considered to be the key to solving this challenge. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) materials, as an emerging nanomaterial, show great potential as a durable and efficient nano-corrosion filler in organic anti-corrosion coatings. Therefore, this paper reviews the application of MOFs materials as solid corrosion inhibitors, small molecule corrosion inhibitor vehicles and modified graphene oxide in anti-corrosion coatings and looks forward to the prospect of research on their application in engineering practice.

Mapping the Vascular and Muscular Topography of the Glabellar Region: Implication for Improving Safety and Efficacy of the Glabellar Injections.

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) and filler injections into the highly vascularized glabellar region for aesthetical purposes are extremely common. Injections into the glabellar region without precise anatomical knowledge of its vascular and muscular topography may pose the risk of severe complications. We aimed to improve the safety and efficacy of the glabellar injections by mapping the regional muscles and vasculature in relation to the medial canthus and the defined reference lines. Meticulous dissection was performed to reveal glabellar region muscles and arteries under surgical microscope, in 16 hemifaces of whom arteries are injected with red-dyed latex. Location of the angular artery (AA) along with its branches was noted in relation to glabellar muscles. The AA was always located superficial to the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle (LLSAN) and then coursed toward the medial canthus to anastomose with the supratrochlear artery deep to the origin of the depressor supercilii (DS). The AA gave subcutaneously located central and paracentral branches coursing close to the mid-face line in 14 out of 16 hemifaces. Variable muscular connections were also present between the LLSAN, the DS and the procerus (P) muscles. No arteries were detected at the base of the medial eyebrow to which the DS, the P, and the frontalis (F) inserted. This study provides a detailed map of muscular and vascular anatomy of the glabellar region to facilitate safe and efficient filler and BoNT injections without complications. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Green synthesis of chitin/lignin based-polyurethane composites

Polyurethanes (PU) are still among the most promising high-performance materials in industrial applications. Nevertheless, the development of sustainable and efficient materials is an ongoing challenge for the plastics industry. In recent years there has been growing interest in utilizing natural materials such as chitin and lignin as additives in polyurethane foam production. This study focuses on the utilization of sustainable chitin–lignin filler for polyurethanes with the aim of producing sustainable, cost-effective, and efficient foam materials. A chitin–lignin filler was prepared using a mechanochemical approach, and flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) were synthesized with varying amounts of chitin–lignin additive. The resulting foams were characterized using various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, compression testing, tensile strength analysis, and measurements of surface free energy and contact angle. Possible interactions between the filler and PU were analyzed by means of FTIR spectroscopy. The results show that the addition of chitin–lignin filler improved the mechanical properties (in comparison to pristine chitin and lignin as filler), with a significant reduction in the compression set of the polyurethane foams, a crucial property in the production of seat foams. Synergy was observed between chitin–lignin filler in PU foam. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of chitin–lignin as a sustainable and efficient natural filler that can be effectively applied on the industrial scale. The combination of these two biopolymers led to a polyurethane composite with better mechanical properties. Additionally, the use of biopolymers (chitin and lignin) as a filler for FPUFs is one of the options for the management of waste materials, which is in line with the idea of sustainable production.

Thermally conductive epoxy composites with efficient heat transfer pathways by in-situ growth of CNTs on oriented BNNS

The rapid development of high-frequency electronic devices not only brings the rise of electronic information fields but also causes harm caused by a large amount of heat accumulation in the equipment. Herein, we build a continuous heat transfer framework formed by growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in an oriented boron nitride structure. The ice-dissolving complexation (IDC) method couples the orientation construction of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) and the surface localization of cobalt ions (Co2+) under mild conditions. The reduced Co on the surface of BNNS utilizes its catalytic ability to realize the in-situ conversion of styrene into CNTs, which link adjacent BNNS through covalent bonding to form a fluent heat transfer pathway. The oriented thermal conduction channel and low thermal resistance interface structure promote the through-plane and in-plane thermal conductivity of the composite to reach 4.83 W m−1 K−1 and 1.98 W m−1 K−1, respectively. Its light weight, compression resistance, and insulation give this composite a vaster application prospect. The design of such an efficient composite filler thermal conductivity network provides ideas for constructing of new thermal management materials.

Active brazing of cBN micro-particles with AISI 1045 steel using ceramic reinforced Ag-based fillers

cBN micro-particles have been brazed to medium carbon steel substrate using a new formulation of low-temperature, ceramic reinforced Ag-Cu-Ti alloy and evaluated for their wear resistance in developing cBN brazed tools. TiN and TiB2 microparticles were added as reinforcements independently in different proportions to Ag-Cu-2Ti (Ag-Cu-2wt%Ti) filler alloy and cBN tools were brazed. Wear characteristics of the ceramic reinforced alloys showed that the TiB2 added Ag-Cu-2Ti alloy exhibited excellent abrasion resistance with an improvement of 91–95 % over the commercial Ag-Cu-2Ti alloy. Conversely, the wear performance of the TiN added Ag-Cu-Ti alloys was poor owing to the weak bonding of TiN microparticles by the alloy matrix. The results were compared with 5 wt% TiB2 and TiN added Ag-Cu-5Ti alloys. However a significant improvement in the mechanical properties was not observed and the wetting on cBN was lower for reinforced Ag-Cu-5Ti alloy. Tensile tests showed that the Ag-Cu-2Ti-5TiB2 alloy demonstrated higher tensile strength (305.89 MPa) when compared to the Ag-Cu-2Ti and Ag-Cu-2Ti-5TiN filler materials. Low and high impact dynamic joint strength tests were further carried out on the 2 and 5 wt% reinforced Ag-Cu-2Ti and Ag-Cu-5Ti alloys. TiB2 added Ag-Cu-2Ti alloy displayed sufficient joint strength with TiN added Ag-Cu-2Ti alloys performing marginally better. Bearing in mind the excellent mechanical properties of the Ag-Cu-2Ti-5TiB2 filler and its appreciable joint strength, Ag-Cu-2Ti-5TiB2 filler can be used as an efficient filler material in developing cBN brazed tools for grinding applications.

Removal efficacy of fly ash composite filler on tailwater nitrogen and phosphorus and its application in constructed wetlands.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been widely used in tailwater treatment. However, it is difficult to achieve considerable removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in tailwater solely by CWs-an efficient green wetland filler is also important. This study investigated 160 domestic sewage treatment facilities (DSTFs) in rural areas from two urban areas in Jiaxing for TP and NH3-N and found that TP and NH3-N concentrations in rural domestic sewage (RDS) in this plain river network are still high. Therefore, we selected a new synthetic filler (FA-SFe) to enhance nitrogen and phosphorus reduction, and we discuss the importance of filler in constructed wetlands. Experiments revealed the adsorption capacity of the new filler: the maximum adsorption amounts of TP and NH3-N reached 0.47g m-2 d-1 and 0.91gm-2 d-1, respectively. The application potential of FA-SFe was verified in actual wastewater treatment, with the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and TP reaching 71.3% and 62.7%, respectively. This study provides a promising pathway for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from rural tailwaters.

Thermal Interface Materials with Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Graphene Fillers in PDMS Matrix: Thermal and Mechanical Properties

This work studies the effects of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) on the thermal and mechanical properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix for use as thermal interface materials (TIMs). Solution mixing of 10 wt% GNPs and 40 wt% hBN with PDMS produced TIMs with through-plane thermal conductivity (TC) of 1.24 W m−1 K−1 showing a 519% increase relative to the neat matrix. A synergistic effect between GNPs and hBN was particularly demonstrated when in samples with 48 wt% total filler content, 8 wt% hBN was replaced by GNPs, and the TC was increased by 33%. The elongation at break of the hBN (40 wt%)/GNP (8 wt%) samples reached 151%, representing a 160% increase when compared to samples with only 40 wt% hBN. Moreover, the shore hardness of samples containing 40 wt% hBN was 68 A, and the introduction of 8 wt% GNPs caused a decrease to 38 A. DSC measurements on samples filled with hBN and GNPs showed a reduction up to 65% in Ultimate Heat of Curing, which was attributed to the presence of graphene flakes interfering with the curing of the matrix. Graphene was found to be an efficient filler in tuning the thermal and mechanical properties of TIMs.

Microstructural influence on physical properties and release profiles of sesame oil encapsulated into sodium alginate-tamarind mucilage hydrogel beads

Ionic gelation of alginate has become one of the most widely used encapsulation techniques, with the main drawback that alginate hydrogels exhibit highly porous structural networks, which promotes high rates of release of encapsulated core materials. To retard the diffusion and loss of oil, and in turn to develop new alternatives as wall materials, this work aims to analyze the effect of structural properties of hydrogel beads prepared with sodium alginate (SA) and two blends of SA - tamarind seed mucilage (SA-TSM) as wall materials, in the release profiles of sesame oil (SO) encapsulated by ionic gelation. Three emulsions were formed using SA, or SA-TSM blends in mass ratios 1:1 and 1:2, with an SO dispersed phase fraction of 0.02 and mass ratio of wall material:SO 1:1. The resulting emulsions were dropped into a 2.5 % wt. CaCl2 solution to produce three different systems of hydrogel beads. They were characterized by their morphology, size, physical properties, oil encapsulation, swelling, and release performance. According to the results obtained, the hydrogel beads showed an ellipsoidal-like geometry with a mean size of ∼2.46 mm. SA-TSM hydrogel beads showed higher encapsulation efficiency (> 73.45%) than SA beads (61.49%). The kinetic curves of SO release showed two regions: a “burst effect” at short times followed by a "lag time" release. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model performed the best fit (R2 > 0.90) for the release of SO, indicating a diffusion-controlled Fickian transport mechanism for all the beads, the effective diffusion coefficients ranged from 5.18 × 10−11 to 6.46 × 10−11 m2/s. Therefore, TSM directly influences the structural and physical properties of SA-TSM hydrogel beads, demonstrating efficient structural support and filler function in the formation of wall materials, improving the encapsulation and controlling the release rate of SO in comparison with SA hydrogel beads.

Regulation binary electromagnetic filler networks in segregated poly(vinylidenefluoride) composite for absorption‐dominated electromagnetic interference shielding

AbstractExcellent conductivity and optimized impedance matching are vital for superior absorption‐dominated electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. An efficient binary electromagnetic filler network regulation method has been proposed. Poly‐ (vinylidenefluoride)‐ferroferric oxide‐reduced graphene oxide/single‐wall carbon nanotube (PVDF‐Fe3O4‐RGC) composite has been synthesized as a layered segregated polymer composite structure by using an electrostatic assembly and hot compression strategy. Binary electromagnetic filler networks have surpassed the obstacles of magnetic materials in conductive networks, and are thereby beneficial for outstanding conductivity and impedance matching. Therefore, a superior conductivity of 1.28 S cm−1 and an outstanding electromagnetic shielding interference and effectiveness of 44.5 dB have been obtained for loading of 2.02 vol.% single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), with an absorption rate larger than 85.0% in the X‐band. The enhanced EMI shielding performance is attributed to the regulation of the binary electromagnetic filler network.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine molybdate as an efficient antibacterial filler in epoxy coating for inhibiting sulfate reducing bacteria biofilm

Readily synthesized and highly antibacterial polyhexamethylene guanidine molybdate (PHMG-MoO4) can be used as a filler to greatly improve the resistance of epoxy coating to sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) biofilm. In SRB inoculated medium, no SRB biofilm formed on PHMG-MoO4/epoxy coating after 120 days, and the corrosion current density of the epoxy coating painted carbon steel decreased by 99.0 % after addition of PHMG-MoO4 in the coating. There were also fewer fouling organisms on PHMG-MoO4/epoxy coating after 4 months of immersion in the actual seawater. The PHMG-MoO4 with low water solubility can remain in epoxy coating for a long time and therefore effectively and continuously inhibited the bacteria on the coating.

Erratum to: Vinyl Modified Cloisite 30B Clay as an Efficient Filler for the Synthesis of Poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/Clay Nanocomposite by Emulsion Polymerization

Erratum to: Vinyl Modified Cloisite 30B Clay as an Efficient Filler for the Synthesis of Poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/Clay Nanocomposite by Emulsion Polymerization

A review: carbon nanotubes composite to enhance thermal & electrical properties for the space applications

ABSTRACT The high specific stiffness materials are used to design the space payload components. These components should sustain the extreme environmental condition throughout their life cycle without failure. The prerequisites of future space missions need lightweight materials which must be mechanically strong and high thermal and electrically conductive. The Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are efficient filler material in composite or metal matrix to enhance greater electrical and thermal conductivity. The quality of the CNT nano composite relies upon several parameters like the types of CNTs, its purity, aspect ratio, amount of loading, alignment, and interfacial adhesion between the nanotube and polymer. The performance of the CNT-CFRP composite depends on the successful execution of the processing technique. This review paper intends to highlight the enhancement of the mechanical, thermal, electrical properties of the composite, and the challenges to achieving it. This review paper helps to optimise the process parameters to fabricate Space Payload Components, required to replace existing high-density Space Qualified Materials. This review paper should help optimize the process parameters to fabricate Space Payload Components, which can be excellent alternatives to the existing high-density Space Qualified Materials without making any compromise on the performance index.