Efficiency Of Regional Innovation Systems Research Articles

How do dimensions of institutional quality improve Italian regional innovation system efficiency? The Knowledge production function using SFA

This paper investigates the contribution of different dimensions of institutional quality on the efficiency of the Italian regional innovation system (RIS) through the application of a knowledge production function estimated within a Stochastic Frontier Analysis environment. Though most of the dimensions of institutional quality considered in the analysis are found to play no role in affecting RIS efficiency, we detect a positive and highly significant impact of government effectiveness on the variable of interest. This result is robust to different assumptions about the underlying technology, to alternative lag structures between R&D and patenting activities and to the application of different R&D inputs. Moreover, this evidence is confirmed once instead of the RIS efficiency, we appraise the impact of institutional quality on the amount of registered patents, through the application of a canonical knowledge production function. In terms of policy implications, our analysis indicates that measures that strengthen the endowment of regional socio-economic structures are highly recommended as they enhance the efficiency of the RIS and stimulate patenting activities. Finally, interventions for Southern regions should be designed to reduce the technological and efficiency gap with the most advanced regions in the country.

Efficiency and Its Determinants in Regional Innovation Systems in South Korea 1999-2014: The Network Data Envelope Analysis

Various studies have evaluated efficiency of regional innovation systems (RIS) and analyzed the determinants of it. However, there have been some limitations in these studies, such as the lack of analyzing dynamics in the efficiency of RIS and insufficient consideration of the internal processes of RIS. Therefore, we use a two-stage approach in employing network DEA, first constructing balanced panel data for 16 local governments over 16 years (1999-2014) and then analyzing the efficiency and determinants of the Korean innovation system. The implications of the analysis are as follows: (1) negative side of the disparity of regional imbalance for the general RIS efficiency was found; (2) the R&D investment role of central government was confirmed to strengthen RIS; (3) government s simultaneous efforts to develop R&D efficiency as well as economic efficiency for the innovation system were requested; and (4) variances in South Korean RIS efficiency were unveiled.

The Impact of the Digital Divide on the Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems: The Case of the Russian Federation (continued study)

The Impact of the Digital Divide on the Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems: The Case of the Russian Federation (continued study)

The Impact of the Digital Divide on the Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems: The Case of the Russian Federation

The Impact of the Digital Divide on the Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems: The Case of the Russian Federation

On the impact of knowledge and institutional spillovers on RIS efficiency. Evidence from Italian regional level

AbstractUsing regional Italian data over the 2004–2011 period, we embed, within the framework of a double‐bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), both knowledge and institutional spillovers to appraise how the latter affect Regional Innovation System (RIS) efficiency and further investigate how the quality of institutions interacts with RIS efficiency. Our evidence suggests that both knowledge and institutional spillovers enhance RIS efficiency. We find evidence of spillovers of control of corruption, government effectiveness, voice and accountability and regulatory quality, though these results crucially depend on the set of inputs employed. Once the two types of spillovers enter jointly, rather than separately, our specifications, the evidence indicates that both these spillovers positively affect RIS efficiency and their impact is quantitatively comparable. There is also some evidence of a positive effect of regional institutional quality on RIS efficiency, although the result is mediated by increased government effectiveness. In terms of policy implications, the evidence reported in this paper suggests that measures aimed at favouring cooperation among firms, that facilitate an easier imitation strategy and that improve governance are highly recommendable.

Regional Innovation Systems in Poland: How to classify them?

The literature emphasises the role of regional and local innovation environment. Regional Innovation Systems show differences in innovation outputs determined by different inputs. Understanding these relationships can have important implications for regional and innovation policy. The research aims to classify Regional Innovation Systems in Poland according to their innovation capacity and performance. The analysis covers 72 subregions (classified as NUTS 3 in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) in 2004–2016. Classes of Regional Innovation Systems in Poland were identified based on a combination of linear and functional approaches and data from published and unpublished sources. It was assumed that innovation systems in Poland differ due to their location in metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions, thus, the Eurostat NUTS 3 metro/non-metro typology was applied for this purpose. Panel data regressions as models with individual random effects were estimated separately for metropolitan and non-metropolitan groups of subregions. The study identified common determinants of innovation outputs in both NUTS 3 types: share of innovative industrial enterprises, industry share, unemployment rate, and employment in research and development. Next, NUTS 3 were classified within each of two analysed types in line with output- and input-indices, the latter being calculated as non-weighted average of significant inputs. Last, the subregions were clustered based on individual inputs to enable a more detailed assessment of their innovation potential. The cluster analysis using k-means method with maximum cluster distance was applied. The results showed that the composition of the classes identified within metropolitan and non-metropolitan systems in 2004– 2016 remains unstable, similarly to the composition of clusters identified by inputs. The latter confirms the changes in components of the capacity within both Regional Innovation System types. The observed situation allows us to assume that Regional Innovation Systems in Poland are evolving. In further research, the efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems should be assessed, taking into account the differences between metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions as well as other environmental factors that may determine the efficiency of innovative processes.

Regional innovation systems efficiency analyses and evaluation: DEA approach implementation

The innovative transformation is a necessary condition for sustainable economic development. The study reveals an assessment and comparative analysis of the Regional Innovation Systems’ (RIS) performance in the Russian Federation using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The DEA model under the Variable Return to Scale (VRS) assumption, focused on output parameters, is used to estimate the relative technical efficiency of regions based on several input and output parameters. Based on the obtained results, a rating of regions was compiled: four groups of regions were identified depending on their technical efficiency level. It was revealed that the leading regions by innovative development level are assessed by the DEA somewhat differently. A comparative analysis of the innovation systems performance at the regional and federal levels allowed us to identify the most and least effective subjects of the Russian Federation, federal districts and economic regions. The main conclusion is that less than a third of the Russian regions use their production capabilities as efficient as possible, the remaining regions can significantly improve the way they use the available resources. The results of the study might be used in making managerial decisions at the country, federal districts and regions levels in order to develop measures and mechanisms for improving the efficiency of regional innovation systems.

Does regional innovation system efficiency facilitate energy-related carbon dioxide intensity reduction in China?

Technology innovation has been widely considered as a crucial way to reduce energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity. However, since the previous studies have largely neglected the operational process of innovation activities and the existence of spatial effect in carbon emissions, the impact of technology innovation on mitigation needs to be further investigated. Based on the sample of regional-level dataset in China during the period from 1998 to 2015, we first estimate the regional innovation system efficiency (RISE) with employing Data Envelopment Analysis window technique. Moreover, by adopting spatial econometric approaches, we further examine the direct effect and spatial spillover effect of RISE on CO2 intensity in China during the study period. The results show that there exist remarkable spatial spillover effects of CO2 intensity in China. Interestingly, RISE spatial agglomeration has higher spatial spillover effects on CO2 intensities between two remote areas than between neighbors. More importantly, RISE can facilitate CO2 intensity reduction at national level, whereas in across eastern-western and central-western regions, RISE in one region within a particular area can reduce its CO2 intensity while increasing those of other regions in the other area. Finally, some policy suggestions are identified to reduce CO2 intensity in China.

An assessment of regional innovation system efficiency in Russia: the application of the DEA approach

The main aim of this study is to compare Russian regions according to their ability to create new technologies efficiently and to identify factors that determine these differences over a long period of time. We apply data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess the relationship between the results of patenting and resources of a regional innovation system (RIS). Unlike previous studies, we apply the DEA method over a long period, comparing regions to one another and over time. In general, RIS efficiency in Russia increased during the period, especially in the least developed territories. There was significant regional differentiation. The most efficient RIS were formed in the largest agglomerations with leading universities and research centers: the cities Moscow and Saint Petersburg and the Novosibirsk, Voronezh, and Tomsk regions. Econometric calculations show that RIS efficiency was higher in technologically more developed regions with the oldest universities and larger patent stock. Time is a crucial factor for knowledge accumulation and creating links between innovative agents within RIS. Entrepreneurial activity was also a significant factor because it helps to convert ideas and research into inventions and new technologies and it enhances the interaction between innovative agents. It is advantageous to be located near major innovation centres because of more intensive interregional knowledge spillovers. Public support of more efficient regions can lead to a more productive regional innovation policy.

Indicator Evaluation of Regional Innovation System According to the Cluster Approach

The need in the development, improvement, increasing the efficiency of regional innovation systems is especially relevant at the present time. In terms of global competition, attention is increasingly drawn to the regions as sources of competitiveness. The regional dimension allows to take into account the specifics and peculiarities of the separate territory, prevailing industry and other factors affecting to the development effectiveness in the region, and as a result, the country as a whole. The study of the processes of functioning and assessment of the level of the regional innovation system development due to the need to develop and substantiate the development management of regional innovation system for improving the population's quality of life through innovative development of economy, and as a result, change and modernisation of the social sphere. Innovations, as one of the most important factors of economic development of the region, are the result of a number of targeted actions of the various parties of the innovation system, as well as a result effective functioning of its elements.

Indicator evaluation of regional innovation system according to the cluster approach

The need in the development, improvement, increasing the efficiency of regional innovation systems is especially relevant at the present time. In terms of global competition, attention is increasingly drawn to the regions as sources of competitiveness. The regional dimension allows to take into account the specifics and peculiarities of the separate territory, prevailing industry and other factors affecting to the development effectiveness in the region, and as a result, the country as a whole. The study of the processes of functioning and assessment of the level of the regional innovation system development due to the need to develop and substantiate the development management of regional innovation system for improving the population's quality of life through innovative development of economy, and as a result, change and modernization of the social sphere. Innovations, as one of the most important factors of economic development of the region, are the result of a number of targeted actions of the various parties of the innovation system, as well as a result effective functioning of its elements.

The Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems in New Member States of the European Union: A Nonparametric DEA Approach

Abstract This paper evaluates the Eastern and Central EU regions according to the efficiency level of innovation systems by application of nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA). The most technologically inefficient NUTS2 regions of Central and Eastern EU are identified. The governmental institutions in these regions should enforce a higher level of regional innovative activity, as regional potential to create a higher value to the economy with current resources has not been reached yet.

基于DEA和决策树的区域创新效率评价与分析

科学、客观地评价与分析区域创新系统的效率是分析和制定创新政策的基础，数据包络分析(DEA)是评价区域创新系统(称为决策单元)相对有效性的常用评价方法。决策树模型是呈树形结构，表示基于特征对实例进行分类的过程，是一种应用广泛的可视化数据挖掘的重要工具。本文将结合DEA模型和决策树模型的各自优点，提出综合运用DEA与决策树方法的评价分析模式，在评价我国31个区域创新系统绩效的基础上，建立分类决策树并分析其在制定区域创新系统的战略决策(或政策制定)中的作用。 To scientifically and objectively evaluate and analyze the efficiencies of regional innovation systems is a good base to analyze and make policies of regional innovation. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the most used methods for evaluating the efficiency of regional innovation systems (which are referred to Decision Making Units). Decision tree model is a tree structure, which is a process of classification based on feature; it is an important, useful and visual tool of data mining. Combining the advantages of DEA and decision tree model, this paper presents a hybrid model to evaluate and analyze the efficiencies of regional innovation systems using DEA and decision tree method. Based on the evaluation of the efficiencies of 31 regional innovation systems in China, the classification decision tree is established and its role in strategic decision making (or policy making) of regional innovation systems is analyzed.

Determinants of the Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems

Fritsch M. and Slavtchev V. Determinants of the efficiency of regional innovation systems, Regional Studies. This paper analyses differences in the efficiency of regional innovation systems. Alternative measures for the efficiency of regional innovation systems based on the concept of a knowledge production function are discussed. The empirical findings suggest that spillovers from within the private sector as well as from universities and other public research institutions have a positive effect on the efficiency of private sector research and development. It is particularly the intensity of interactions between private and public sector research and development that increases the efficiency. It is found that regions dominated by large establishments tend to be less efficient than regions with a lower average establishment size. Fritsch M. et Slavtchev V. Les déterminants de l'efficience des systèmes d'innovation régionaux, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche à analyser les écarts d'efficience des systèmes d'innovation régionaux (SIR). On discute des autres mesures de l'efficience des SIR fondées sur la notion d'une fonction de production de la connaissance. Les résultats empiriques laissent supposer que les retombées provenant de l'intérieur du secteur privé aussi bien que des universités et des autres établissements publics de recherche ont un effet positif sur l'efficience de la R et D du secteur privé. C'est notamment l'intensité de l'interaction entre la R et D du secteur privé et celle du secteur public qui augmente l'efficience. Il s'avère que les régions où prédominent les grands établissements ont tendance à être moins efficients que ne le sont les régions où la taille des établissements est inférieure à la moyenne. Systèmes d'innovation régionaux Efficience technique Brevets Fritsch M. und Slavtchev V. Determinanten der technischen Effizienz von regionalen Innovationssystemen, Regional Studies. Wir analysieren Unterschiede in der Effizienz regionaler Innovationssysteme (RIS). Zunächst werden alternative Maße für die Effizienz von RIS diskutiert, die auf dem Konzept der Wissensproduktionsfunktion aufbauen. Die empirischen Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass sowohl Spillover aus dem privaten Sektor als auch von Hochschulen und anderen öffentlichen Forschungseinrichtungen die Effizienz privater F&E-Aktivitäten positiv beeinflussen. Insbesondere die Intensität der Interaktion zwischen öffentlichen Einrichtungen und dem Privatsektor führt zu hoher Effizienz. Regionen, die durch Großbetriebe dominiert sind, weisen tendenziell eine geringere Effizienz der Innovationsaktivitäten auf als Regionen mit einer geringeren durchschnittlichen Betriebsgröße. Regionales Innovationssystem Technische Effizienz Patente Fritsch M. y Slavtchev V. Determinantes de la eficiencia de los sistemas de innovación regional, Regional Studies. En este artículo analizamos las diferencias en la eficiencia de los sistemas regionales de innovación (SRI). Asimismo estudiamos medidas alternativas para la eficiencia de los SRI en función del concepto de una función de producción del conocimiento. Los resultados empíricos indican que los desbordamientos desde dentro del sector privado así como de las universidades y otras instituciones de investigación públicas tienen un efecto positivo en la eficiencia de I + D del sector privado. Es especialmente la intensidad de las interacciones entre la I + D del sector privado y público la que aumenta la eficiencia. Observamos que las regiones dominadas por grandes establecimientos tienden a ser menos eficientes que las regiones con un tamaño medio más bajo de establecimientos. Sistema de innovación regional Eficacia técnica Patentes

How does industry specialization affect the efficiency of regional innovation systems?

This study analyzes the relationship between the specialization of a region in certain industries and the efficiency of the region in generating new knowledge. The efficiency measure is constructed by relating regional R&D input and output. An inversely u-shaped relationship is found between regional specialization and R&D efficiency, indicating the presence of externalities of both Marshall and Jacobs’ type. Further factors influencing efficiency are externalities resulting from high R&D intensity of the local private sector as well as knowledge from local public research institutions. The impact of both the specialization and the additional factors is, however, different for regions at different efficiency levels.

Research and Development, Spillovers, Innovation Systems, and the Genesis of Regional Growth in Europe

Rodriguez-Pose A. and Crescenzi R. Research and development, spillovers, innovation systems, and the genesis of regional growth in Europe. Regional Studies. Research on the impact of innovation on regional economic performance in Europe has fundamentally followed three approaches: (1) the analysis of the link between investment in research and development (RD (2) the study of the existence and efficiency of regional innovation systems; and (3) the examination of the geographical diffusion of regional knowledge spillovers. These complementary approaches have, however, rarely been combined. Important operational and methodological barriers have thwarted any potential cross-fertilization. This paper tries to fill this gap in the literature by combining in one model R&D, spillovers, and innovation systems approaches. A multiple regression analysis is conducted for all regions of the group of 25 European Union countries (EU-25), including measures of R&D investment, proxies for...

What Determines the Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems?

We assess the efficiency of regional innovation systems (RIS) in Germany by means of a knowledge production function. This function relates private sector research and development (R&D) activity in a region to the number of inventions that have been registered by residents of that region. Different measures and estimation approaches lead to rather similar assessments. We find that both spillovers within the private sector as well as from universities and other public research institutions have a positive effect on the efficiency of private sector R&D in the respective region. It is not the mere presence and size of public research institutions, but rather the intensity of interactions between private and public sector R&D that leads to high RIS efficiency. We find that relationship between the diversity of a regions’ industry structure and the efficiency of its innovation system is inversely u-shaped. Regions dominated by large establishments tend to be less efficient than regions with a lower average establishment size. JEL-classification: O31, O18, R12

Industry Specialization, Diversity and the Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems

Innovation processes are characterized by a pronounced division of labor between actors. Two types of externality may arise from such interactions. On the one hand, a close location of actors affiliated to the same industry may stimulate innovation (MAR externalities). On the other hand, new ideas may be born by the exchange of heterogeneous and complementary knowledge between actors, which belong to different industries (Jacobs' externalities). We test the impact of both MAR as well as Jacobs' externalities on innovative performance at the regional level. The results suggest an inverted u-shaped relationship between regional specialization in certain industries and innovative performance. Further key determinants of the regional innovative performance are private sector R&D and university-industry collaboration.