Efficiency Of Pumping Station Research Articles

Economic Operation of Variable Speed and Blade Angle-Adjustable Pumping Stations of an Open-Channel Water Transfer Project

A large amount of energy would be consumed for open-channel water transfer projects due to the low efficiency of pumping stations. One measure to improve the efficiency of a pumping station is to install variable-frequency drives (VFDs). In this paper, a discharge optimization model is proposed for a single pumping station equipped with different numbers of variable speed and blade angle-adjustable pump (VSBAP) units, and then a head optimization model is proposed for cascade pumping stations. The study on the Miyun Reservoir Regulation and Storage Project in China shows that the installation of VFDs can increase the number of operable conditions of a single BAP unit by changing the blade angle and speed and ensure the high efficiency of the pumping unit under most operating conditions, thus reducing the energy consumption of the pumping station. It is desirable to install two VFDs in the Tuancheng Lake–Huairou Reservoir section to ensure the long-term operation of the cascade pumping stations in an economically profitable way. In conclusion, the installation of VFDs can effectively reduce the operation cost of cascade pumping stations.

Efficiency of using hydro-turbine pumping stations for machine irrigation

The use of hydro-turbine pumps increases the efficiency of pumping stations for machine irrigation by utilizing the free water energy of agricultural irrigation sources. The energy savings on irrigation pumping stations achieved through the use of hydro-turbine pumping stations (HTPS) (traditionally obtained through electrical networks) creates ecological conditions for the implementation of turbine pumps, while also improving the economic efficiency of pumping stations.

Hydraulic shock damper with and without diaphragm

The article provides an analysis of scientific papers devoted to the study of hydraulic shock absorbers used in pumping stations with long pressure pipelines. The efficiency of pumping stations depends on ensuring trouble-free operation - the reliability of pressure-hydraulic systems. The reliability of pumping units and long pressure pipelines is ensured using the proposed designs of hydraulic shock absorbers. In the experimental study of hydraulic shock absorbers, modern scientific instruments were used. The authors of this work have developed a special pressure sensor to record changes in hydrodynamic pressure during hydraulic shock. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of hydraulic shock absorbers with and without a diaphragm. At the same time, a reliable agreement was obtained between the results of calculations of hydraulic shock absorbers with and without a diaphragm using the proposed method with experimental data. The performed research experiments prove that the damper with a diaphragm is a very effective and economical water hammer damper for long pressure pipelines of pumping stations with the values of the polytropic coefficient n=1.2. Calculations and experiments confirm that the proposed method for calculating an absorber with a diaphragm can be applied to calculate an absorber without a diaphragm.

A comprehensive performance assessment system for diagnosis and decision-support to improve water and energy efficiency and its demonstration in Portuguese collective irrigation systems

In regions with a strong seasonal or interannual asymmetry in the distribution of precipitation and higher frequency of droughts, collective irrigation systems are vital infrastructures for agricultural activity. Although operating for decades, several systems have ageing infrastructures, with relevant water losses and pumping energy inefficiencies. Consequently, the systems are not adequately designed or operated to meet current and future water demand. Therefore, rehabilitation to improve water and energy efficiency while ensuring infrastructure, economic sustainability and service quality is crucial. In this sense, comprehensive approaches using performance assessment to support the planning process or benchmarking between water users associations play an essential role in improving efficiency in collective irrigation systems. However, few methodologies assess interdependencies between water losses, energy efficiency, infrastructure condition, service quality, economic and operational dimensions. Additionally, these approaches rarely were applied to the different stages of the planning process (diagnosis, planning, monitoring, and reviewing the impact of measures) and to different types of collective irrigation systems (gravity, pressurised, combined) for comparative analysis. This paper presents a comprehensive performance assessment system (PAS) for diagnosis and decision support about measures to improve water and energy efficiency in collective irrigation systems. Afterwards, the PAS is applied for diagnosis and prioritisation of alternatives to enhance the efficiency of a gravity system. The results indicate significant water losses due to the canal and intermediate reservoirs discharges and leakage in canals and low-pressure pipes, related to network ageing and insufficient flow monitoring and control for the gravity system. Ranking allowed identifying the gravity network area with high priority of intervention due to poor performance in non-revenue water, water losses due to discharges, energy efficiency of pumping stations and system energy in excess. Several alternatives were studied for this network area, and infrastructural solutions involving canal rehabilitation and water discharge control significantly impact global performance improvement besides the substantial investment associated. Subsequently, the PAS is used for comparing gravity and pressurised systems. In opposition to gravity, the pressurised system, with efficient use of water resources, presents a poor performance in pumping energy efficiency. Furthermore, the significant energy costs indicate the importance of energy improvement measures for the pressurised system. Besides assessing water and energy efficiency, the novel PAS may help managers and policymakers identify every system's best practices and weak points.

Entropy Production Analysis of a Vertical Mixed-Flow Pump Device with Different Guide Vane Meridians

With the aim of investigating the influence of guide vane meridians on the external characteristics and internal flow field of the mixed-flow pump device, this research constructed seven guide vane meridians and applied computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and entropy production theory to investigate the spread of hydraulic loss in a mixed-flow pump. As observed, when the guide vane outlet diameter Dgvo decreased from 350 mm to 275 mm, the head and efficiency increased by 2.78% and 3.05% at 0.7 Qdes, respectively. At 1.3 Qdes, when Dgvo increased from 350 mm to 425 mm, the head and efficiency increased by 4.49% and 3.71%, respectively. At 0.7 Qdes and 1.0 Qdes, the entropy production of the guide vane increased with the increase of Dgvo due to flow separation. When Dgvo < 350 mm, at 1.0 Qdes and 1.3 Qdes, entropy production of the outlet channel increased as Dgvo decreased owing to the excessive flow rate, but at 0.7 Qdes, entropy production did not change much. When Dgvo > 350 mm, at 0.7 Qdes and 1.0 Qdes, due to the expansion of the channel section, the flow separation intensified, which resulted in an increase of the entropy production, but the entropy production decreased slightly at 1.3 Qdes. These results provide guidance for improving the efficiency of pumping stations.

Need for Upgradation of Technologies in Water Supply Projects in India

Abstract: India, water supply services in urban and rural areas in India are provided mainly by public authorities. These authorities are mostly involved in operation and maintenance of the water supply schemes. When any additional fund becomes available, expansion of pipe network, additional house connections and repair works are taken up. But, there is an urgent need for upgradation of technologies in the water supply schemes. At present, there is not much effort for upgradation of technologies for treatment of water, measurement and control of system, increase in efficiency of pumping stations and water distribution network, etc. The author highlights some of the feasible technologies, which may be evaluated and adopted by water authorities. For technology upgradation, enormous works are needed in India, which in turn will necessitate research and generate employment and business opportunities to Industries. Keywords: Upgradation of Technology, Water Treatment, Water Quality Assessment, Smart Water Meters, Water Quality Sensor, Smart Water Grid.

Evaluation of Economic Operation Effect of Rural Small Water-lifting Irrigation Pumping Station Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model

With the continuous advancement of the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices across the country, various water management units across the country have strengthened the management and protection of irrigation facilities such as irrigation pumping stations, improved the operating efficiency of irrigation pumping stations, and saved agricultural irrigation costs; There is still an imbalance in the management and protection of water-lifting irrigation pumping stations, especially in the evaluation of the economic operation effect of the pumping station. For this reason, this paper uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the economic operation of small-scale rural water-lifting irrigation pumping stations. The effect was quantitatively evaluated, providing new and reliable ideas and methods for water management related management departments to evaluate the economic operation of pumping stations; through empirical research on City G, it was also found that City G is still in the economic operation of small irrigation pumping stations. There are some shortcomings, and some technical and economic measures can be used to further improve the economic operation and management efficiency of the pumping station, and further reduce the cost of agricultural irrigation.

Impact of the Pumping Regime on Electricity Cost Savings in Urban Water Supply System

The main purpose of the presented research is to raise the efficiency of pumping stations’ operational work by developing a model for reducing energy costs in urban water supply systems. Pumping systems are responsible for a significant portion of the total electrical energy use. Significant opportunities exist to reduce the pumping energy through smart design, retrofitting, and operating practices. Today, considering the increase in pumping energy prices in water conveyance systems, the problem of optimal operation of pumping stations is very actual. The optimal operation of pumping stations was determined using a Genetic Algorithm Optimization (GAO) to achieve the minimum energy cost. The paper presents a novel management model for the optimal design and operation of water pumping systems on a real case study for the town of Gonabad in Iran. To achieve this goal, three days in a year were selected randomly. The results indicate that the proposed mode in conjunction with a GAO is a versatile management model for the design and operation of the real pumping station. Modeling results show that optimization with a GAO reduces power consumption by about 15–20%.

On the efficiency of pulse supply of the working environment in water supply systems

Practical applications of previously obtained theoretical results on the use of pulsed (cyclic) connection of pumps operating on a network to cover substantially variable loads of a pumping station are considered. The analysis of the efficiency of pumping stations with various units of pumping units and the parameters of water supply systems at variable loads based on the analysis of the developed mathematical dynamic model of the production and distribution of the working medium (water) has been carried out. The resulting engineering theory also served as the basis for the development of algorithms for optimizing the supercharger feed control system by transferring it to idle, including by deep throttling, with step regulation or with the drive motor completely turned off, to analyze the operation of the pumping station in variable modes while covering uneven load schedules with an estimate of the energy consumption, in order to determine and increase the economic efficiency of using different pump equipment in the proposed modes. Rational layout of the pumping equipment, effective values of the duration of the pulses of the working medium supply by the units of the pumping station and the pause between pulses, as well as the duty cycle of the pulses using various blocks of pumping equipment have been determined depending on the capacity of the network, accumulating devices and the liquid consumption. An important characteristic of the reliability of the «electric drive-pump» system is the frequency of cycles that limit the number of regulated starts of electric motors of the corresponding power. The significant influence of the listed factors and the specified functional parameters on the characteristics of the pulse connection of the superchargers and the intensity of the energy supply at variable loads is shown. It is characteristic of the process that when comparing different pulse supply modes (with and without idle), the more preferable mode is the mode with the pumps completely disconnected from the network. As this takes place, the efficiency increases with the increase in the number of operating units and reaches 15% in comparison with the traditional way of supplying a working medium to cover the variable loads of the station. The results obtained can also be useful for solving optimization problems during the operation of a pumping station in variable modes when covering its annual load schedules. This approach and the solutions presented can be extended to other classes of injection stations with compressors or fans that use gas as a working medium to cover uneven loads of the injection stations

IMPROVEMENT OF WATER ALLOCATION EFFICIENCY IN THE AMU-SURKHAN RIVERS BASIN

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; In the article efficiency of water distribution in the territory of Amu-Surkon basin is analysed and based on the results, provided the recommendations. The study is conducted within the project QH-A-QH-2018-409 “Increase efficiency of water resources management in Surkhandarya region: improve interbasin re-distribution of the water resources of Surkhandarya and Sherabaddarya Rivers” funded by Uzbekistan government. The main problems of water management in the Surkhandarya region are: outdated irrigation systems requiring an urgent modernization; large dependence on pump irrigation; low energy efficiency of pumping stations due to use of the old high energy-consuming equipment; irrational distribution and large unproductive technical and operational water losses. Increase of sensitivity to climate change with forecasting of 50% water deficit by 2050 leads to drought and further desertification, including impact on food security. In the article some results are introduced related to improve water allocation by redistribution of water resources between the river basins in the region aimed to reduce of pumped water use for irrigation.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION OF CYCLIC CHANGES IN THE WATER SUPPLY PROCESS DURING CONTROL OF THE POWER CONSUMPTION EFFICIENCY OF PUMPING STATIONS

The article deals with the issues of improvement the power consumption efficiency control of municipal water supply systems objects by taking into consideration the influence of external environment cyclic changes. The interconnection of the power consumption efficiency of pumping stations and water consumption, which is influenced by climatic and social factors, has been substantiated. A set of tasks preceding the formation of the energy baseline to ensure the correct control of the power consumption efficiency has been formulated.The procedure of cyclic changes detection of the water supply process has been proposed. It involves search of similarities in the daily graphs of water consumption from the water supply network. The expediency of successive use for such search of methods of cluster and discriminant analysis has been substantiated. The procedure result is the formation of groups of the same type graphs. Its implementation allows determining the time period for collecting data on the relevant variables and performing a formalized description of the pumping station water supply mode, in particular, determining the mean values of the relevant variables and their change limits. These results are the basis of the formation of technological parameters norms for controlling the conformity of the water supply technological process to the previously planned. The mean values have been proposed to be used as planned values of the relevant variables for determining the energy baseline.In order to ensure the correct control of the power consumption efficiency, the implement recognition procedure of the water supply daily graphs to one of the typical classes has been proposed. The classification functions built on the final stage of discriminant analysis is its basis. Identification of the appliance of the graph to the typical groups is carried out first by season, and then by day type. The fact of implement of the graph to irregular days is fixed. The use of the proposed procedures allows taking into consideration the change in the actual conditions of the pumping stations functioning, due to seasonal changes and changes in the life rhythm of the population at workdays and weekends.

PUMP GROUP AUTOMATIC CONTROL FOR REDUCING ITS ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Booster pumping plants, equipped with a group of pump units operating in parallel, are typical objects of the city water supply system. Improving its power efficiency is a very urgent topical objective, because its power consumption is a significant part in the structure of power consumption of water utilities. The aim of the present study is to identify opportunities of improving the power efficiency of pumping stations due to the automatic control of the pump group. The paper presents results of the study of the instantaneous efficiency changes of booster pumping stations under the conditions of variable water consumption. The basic reasons of the reducing pumping plant efficiency are reported in the article. Among them, there is a sharp decline in the effectiveness of the regulated pump units, when they functioning for the hydraulic network with a significant static component of the pressure. The main factors affecting the duration of the adjustable pumping unit in inefficient area are determined. The method of controlling a group of pumping units, taking into account the instantaneous efficiency of each of them was suggested. The approbation of this method at the local booster pumping stations was fulfilled. The effects of disabling the controlled pump unit which is in the ineffective area, on the overall efficiency of the pumping station and on alteration of its output pressure immediately after the pump is switched off are studied. It was shown that the timely shutdown of an inefficiently controlled pump unit can reduce the power consumption of the pumping plant by 8–10 % as compared to the traditional control methods. The range of variation of the instantaneous efficiency of the pumping station can serve as a criterion of correct selection of pumping equipment as well it can be the rationale of the necessity for its replacement.

Methodology to improve pumping station management of on-demand irrigation networks

The energy efficiency of pumping stations in irrigation networks was examined using a methodology to determine the optimum pumping station regulation. The methodology was developed in the MATLAB® environment using the EPANET® toolkit and developed using three on-demand irrigation networks located in the Castilla—La Mancha region of Spain. In each irrigation network, the energy efficiency and energy consumption were obtained for three cases: a fixed pumping head, a pumping head that guaranteed minimum pressure head required at the open hydrant and a pumping head that minimised the absorbed power at the pumping station. With the three networks average energy savings of 3%, 7% and 30% were obtained by using the optimum pressure head compared with the current management based on fixed pressure regulation. This methodology is intended to be useful in irrigable areas to improve the management of pumping systems where the use of fixed pressure regulation is extensive. It is important to measure electrical and hydraulic parameters of pumps which make it possible to determine the energy efficiency of a pumping station for each combination of discharge and pressure head as well as the pressure head which minimises the energy consumed for the pumping station to guarantee a specific pressure at open hydrants. These results were related to the fact that with fixed pressures, and mainly low and medium discharges, the energy efficiency of pumping systems can drop.