Efficiency Of Low-level Laser Therapy Research Articles

Impact of low-level laser therapy on upper limb lymphoedema secondary to breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionThis review analysed the efficiency of low-level laser therapy in treating breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) in women.Material and methodsDatabases such as Scopus, PEDro, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for RCTs using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photo-bio modulation therapy (PBMT) on BCRL published between 2010 and August 2023. Primary outcomes were arm circumference, volume, and hand grip strength, while secondary outcomes were pain, shoulder mobility, and quality of life.ResultsEleven RCTs with a total of 379 patients were analysed, and 8 studies were included for meta-analysis. We found no significant difference between laser-treated and control groups in any of the trials in terms of arm circumference, arm volume, grip strength, and quality of life post-intervention, and a significant difference between the groups in terms of pain intensity and shoulder mobility.ConclusionsThis review revealed that low-level laser therapy (photobiostimulation) was successful in reducing arm circumference, volume, and pain, as well as enhancing grip strength, life quality, and mobility. However, the meta-analysis did not show any improvement except in pain and shoulder mobility. Further trials are required to assess the long- and short-term efficacy of LLLT in managing lymphoedema secondary to breast cancer.

A Review Study on the Efficiency of Low-Level Laser Therapy for Orthodontic Tooth Movement

A Review Study on the Efficiency of Low-Level Laser Therapy for Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Osseous Defects Distal to Mandibular Second Molar after Extraction of Impacted Third Molar.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of low-level laser therapy on the distal osseous defects of the mandibular second molar (M2) after the adjacent impacted third molar (M3) extraction. Methods A total of 59 clinic cases were screened out, whose M3 were impacted and the distal alveolar bone of M2 had been destroyed horizontally. They were randomly divided into 2 groups based on whether they would have laser irradiation or not after M3 extraction. Then, postoperative complications of the 2 groups were compared. The alveolar bone level distal to M2 was established before and 3 to 6 months after M3 extraction by radiographic evaluation, which was compared between two groups. Results The incidence of severe pain and mouth-opening limitation was significantly lower in the LLLT group than that in the control group. The amount of bone formation in the LLLT group was higher than that in the control group 3 months after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant. But the difference was not statistically significant 6 months after surgery. Conclusion LLLT may alleviate postoperative complications and improve early osteogenesis. It is a viable option for use in the treatment of osseous defects distal to mandibular second molars following extraction of impacted third molars.

Low-level laser therapy in temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review.

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) encompass a wide array of ailments affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscles of mastication, and the allied structural framework. Myofascial pain, internal derangement of the joint, and degenerative joint diseases constitute the majority of TMDs. TMDs usually have a multifactorial etiology, and treatment modalities range from conservative therapies to surgical interventions. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has evolved as an efficient non-invasive therapeutic modality in TMDs. Previously conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown variable results regarding the efficiency of LLLT in TMJ disorder patients. Hence, this systematic review was carried out as an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of LLLT in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder patients.

Low-level laser therapy vs local anesthetic injection with muscle relaxant splint as a combination therapy for myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome a clinical study

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of low-level laser therapy vs injection of long acting anesthetic drug as an adjunctive treatment in combination with muscle relaxant splint in treating patients suffering from myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS). Patients and methods A total of 36 MPDS female patients represented the candidates of the present study. They were all treated with muscle relaxant splint then randomly divided into three equal groups; group 1 was treated solely with occlusal splints; group 2 was treated with long acting anesthetic injection of both the masseter and temporalis muscles bilaterally in combination with the splint therapy, while group 3 was treated with low-level laser therapy in combination with the splint therapy. Results All patients completed the study period with improvement in their visual analog scale, mouth opening and electromyography. Group 3 showed statistical significant improvement in all measures compared to group 1 and group 2. Conclusion All the utilized treatment modalities aided in reliving the signs and symptoms of the MPD patients and improved their mouth opening and muscle activity. Utilizing low-level laser therapy in combination with splint therapy was found to be the best adjunctive treatment modality, compared to the injection of long acting anesthetic agent and splint therapy.

Low-level laser therapy in rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease: review of evidence-based studies

Cardiac rehabilitation is one of the main achievements of cardiology and physical rehabilitation medicine in the second half of the 20th century. Based on the methodology of evidence-based medicine, cardiac rehabilitation in a short time evolved from a “fictional” “alternative” unproven treatment direction to completely uncontested and proven multidisciplinary programs. This article presents contemporary findings on cardiorehabilitation and analysis of evidence-based experimental and clinical studies of low-level laser therapy efficiency in patients with ischemic heart disease. Aim. To search for evidence-based investigations on application of low-level laser therapy for rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease and to analyze their major propositions and recommendations.Materials and methods. PEDro, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane library electronic databases were searched for randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical protocols using the key words within 2000–2019 years. Results and discussion: experimental and clinical investigations were carefully considered and the following findings were analyzed: action mechanisms of low-level laser therapy, its positive influence on myocardial remodeling, infarction area reduction, restenosis prevention and presented cardioprotective effect. More attention was focused at clinical evidence-based studies on application of photobiomodulation in order to increase the efficacy of surgical and percutaneous myocardial revascularization, and in non-invasive cardiology and physical rehabilitation medicine. Conclusion: regular analysis of performed studies and realization of new evidence-based investigation should be conducted to evaluate the efficiency of low-level laser therapy in rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease.

Efficiency of low-level laser therapy for orthodontic tooth movement: a review

Orthodontic treatment can last between 2 and 3 years. These long treatment times can significantly decrease patient cooperation and yield adverse effects. This review aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE and included only studies evaluating the effect of LLLT on orthodontic human tooth movement, according to inclusion criteria. We included thirteen studies (three controlled clinical trials [CCTs], five randomized clinical trials [RCTs], and five systematic reviews or meta-analyses). Six of the eight clinical trials showed a statistically significant effect on orthodontic tooth movement toward a low-level laser application. Comparison between studies is difficult because of parameter variability (anchorage, orthodontic appliances, wavelength, and other laser parameters); however, LLLT may be an interesting method to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. The highest-level studies show that LLLT can accelerate orthodontic movements, but other research must be pursued. This review of the literature seems to suggest concentrating future research regarding the relationship between LLLT and orthodontic tooth movement on wavelengths in infrared radiation approximately 780–810 nm, with a fluence of approximately 5 J/cm2.

Efficiency of low-level laser therapy within induced dental movement: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The low level laser is widely used in Dentistry, in particular, to decrease pain and increase the speed of tooth movement. This study was to perform a systematic literature search to investigate the effectiveness of low level laser and low energy density therapy of the induced tooth movement.This research was performed following the PRISMA instructions and was registered in the PROSPERO. The articles were searched in six electronic databases, with no date and language restriction. Only randomized clinical trials were selected. Articles that did not use the extraction of first premolars as orthodontic planning were excluded, as well as articles using high energy density laser therapy. The articles were assessed for risk of bias and individual quality. The results were analyzed using meta-analysis, using randomized effect.The initial sample consisted of 161 articles. Six articles remained eligible for qualitative analysis and five for quantitative analysis. According to the individual quality, most articles were classified as high quality. Three articles detected statistically significant differences in induced movement by comparing the orthodontic movement between the experimental and control groups. For the maxilla, there was a statistically significant influence of the laser in three months and, for the mandible, in one month.It may be concluded that there is no evidence that laser therapy can accelerate the induced tooth movement.

Low-level laser therapy to recovery testicular degeneration in rams: effects on seminal characteristics, scrotal temperature, plasma testosterone concentration, and testes histopathology.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to recovery testicular degeneration in rams. In the first study, rams were induced to testicular degeneration by scrotal insulation, and then, they were treated using LLLT at 28J/cm(2) (INS28) or 56J/cm(2) (INS56) energy densities. Sperm kinetics, morphology, and membranes integrity as well as proportion of lumen area in seminiferous tubule were assessed. In the second study, rams were submitted or not to scrotal insulation and treated or not by the best protocol of LLLT defined by experiment 1 (INS28). In this study were evaluated sperm kinetics, morphology, membranes integrity, ROS production, and DNA integrity. Testosterone serum concentration and proportion of lumen area in seminiferous tubule were also analyzed. Insulation was effective in promoting sperm injuries in both experiments. Biostimulatory effect was observed in experiment 1: INS28 presented smaller proportion of lumen area (P = 0.0001) and less degeneration degree (P = 0.0002). However, in experiment 2, there was no difference between the groups (P = 0.17). In addition, LLLT did not improve sperm quality, and there was a decreasing for total and progressive motility (P = 0.02) and integrity of sperm membranes (P = 0.01) in LLLT-treated groups. Moreover, testosterone concentration was not improved by LLLT (P = 0.37). Stimulation of aerobic phosphorylation by LLLT may have led to a deregulated increase in ROS leading to sperm damages. Thus, LLLT at energy of 28J/cm(2) (808nm of wavelength and 30mW of power output) can induce sperm damages and increase the quantity of cells in seminiferous tubule in rams.

The effect of dosage on the efficiency of LLLT in new bone formation at the expanded suture in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect that dosage has on the efficiency of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in bone formation in a rat study model. Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups as only expansion (OE), expansion + low dose (0.15 J) (LD), expansion + medium dose (0.65 J) (MD), and expansion + high dose (198 J) (HD) laser therapy groups. The midpalatal suture was expanded during 5 days. Afterwards, irradiations were started and performed with an 820 nm, continuous wave, Ga-Al-As diode laser (Doris, CTL-1106MX, Warsaw, Poland). At the end of experiment, the premaxillae of the animals were dissected. The sections were transferred into PC environment and analyzed by using Image Analysis program. Number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, fibroblasts, vessels, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) expression, and new bone formation were evaluated with this program. Amount of expansion did not show any difference among the groups. All parameters except the number of osteoclasts were increased in all lased groups while that parameter was significantly decreased. Vessels, TGF-β expression, and new bone formation were mostly increased in LD group followed by HD group. Among the lased groups, a significant difference was observed only for the amount of new bone formation, which was between the LD and the MD groups. On the other hand, the difference in this parameter was insignificant between OE and MD groups. Low-level laser therapy with both 5 and 6,300 J/cm(2) doses was found to be significantly effective, while the 20 J/cm(2) dose did not show a significant effect in increasing new bone formation. This finding reveals that the efficiency of the therapy is affected by the dosage.

Clinical evaluation of the efficiency of low-level laser therapy for oral lichen planus: a prospective case series

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an inflammatory disease that can be painful, mainly in the atrophic and erosive forms. Numerous drugs have been used with dissimilar results, but most treatments are empirical. However, to date, the most commonly employed and useful agents for the treatment of OLP are topical corticosteroids. The study objective was to detail the clinical effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for the management of OLP unresponsive to standard topical therapy. The authors studied a prospective cohort of 30 patients affected by OLP, who received biostimulation with a 980-nm gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAIAs) diode laser (DM980, distributed by DMT S.r.l., Via Nobel 33, 20035, Lissone, Italy). Outcome variables, statistically evaluated, were: the size of lesions; visual analogue score of pain and stability of the therapeutic results in the follow-up period. Eighty-two lesions were treated. We reported significant reduction in clinical scores of the treated lesions and in reported pain. No detailed complications or therapy side effects were observed during the study. As previously reported by our group with a preliminary report, this study suggests that LLLT could be a possible treatment choice for patients with unresponsive symptomatic OLP, also reducing the possible invasiveness correlated with other therapies.

Efficiency of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Reducing Pain Induced by Orthodontic Forces

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on reducing post-adjustment orthodontic pain via evaluation of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) composition changes at the level of prostaglandin-E(2) (PGE(2)) and visual analogue scale (VAS). LLLT has been found to be effective in pain relief. PGE(2) has the greatest impact on the process of pain signals and can be detected in GCF in order to investigate the response of dental and periodontal tissues in a biochemical manner. Nineteen patients (11 females and 8 males; mean age 13.9 years) were included in this study. Maxillary first molars were banded and then a randomly selected first molar at one side was irradiated (λ820 nm; continuous wave; output power: 50 mW; focal spot: 0.0314 cm(2); exposure duration: 5 sec; power density: 1.59 W/cm(2); energy dose: 0.25 J; energy density: 7.96 J/cm(2) for each shot), while the molar at the other side was served as placebo control. The GCF was collected from the gingival crevice of each molar to evaluate PGE(2) levels, before band placement, 1 and 24 h after laser irradiation. Pain intensity was analyzed at 5 min, 1 h, and 24 h after band placement by using VAS. Although no difference was found in pain perception at 5 min and 1 h, significant reduction was observed with laser treatment 24 h after application (p<0.05). The mean PGE(2) levels were significantly elevated in control group, whereas a gradual decrease occurred in laser group. The difference in PGE(2) levels at both 1 and 24 h were statistically significant between two groups (p<0.05). The significant reductions in both pain intensity and PGE(2) levels revealed that LLLT was efficient in reducing orthodontic post-adjustment pain.

Low power laser efficacy in the therapy of inflamed gingive in diabetics with parodontopathy

There is clear evidence on direct relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Many investigations point out greater prevalence and severity of periodontal disease among diabetic patients. During last decade, low level laser therapy has been used in periodontal therapy. It has biostimulative effect, accelerates wound healing, minimizes pain and swelling, and there is almost no contraindication for its usage. The aim of the paper was to investigate the efficiency of low level laser therapy as adjuvant tool in reduction of gingival inflammation in diabetic patients. The study incuded 150 participants divided into three groups: group I (50 participants with diabetes mellitus type 1 and periodontal disease), group II (50 participants with diabetes mellitus type 2 and periodontal disease), group III (nondiabetic participants with periodontal disease). Gingival health evaluation was done using gingival index Löe-Silness. Soft and hard deposits were removed, periodontal pockets cleaned and GaA1As low level laser therapy (5 mW) applied five consecutive days. In each patient, low level laser therapy was not applied on the left side of the jaw in order to compare the effects of the applied therapy. After the first, third and fifth therapy and one month after the last visit gingival index was evaluated. Before the first and after the fifth therapy exfoliative cytology of gingiva was done and nuclei areal was analyzed morphometrically. After all investigated periods, gingival index and nuclei areal were significantly decreased comparing to values before the therapy, at both jaw sides (p < 0.001). After the 1st, 3rd and 5th therapy, the t-test showed a significantly decreased gingival index at the lased side of jaw comparing to non-lased side. Low level laser therapy is efficient in gingival inflammation elimination and can be proposed as an adjuvant tool in basic periodontal therapy of diabetic patients.