Efficiency Of Gas Turbine Plants Research Articles

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCREASING THE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY PRODUCTION

The problems of energy efficiency of energy production along with improving the environmental safety of enterprises are becoming increasingly relevant. One of the ways to solve these problems is the implemention of effective technologies, which include microflare incineration technology (MIT-technology) of gaseous fuels. The use of MIT- technology, in addition to a significant reduction in harmful emissions into the atmosphere, can simultaneously increase the energy efficiency of thermal power plants.
 A significant positive effect can also be achieved by using contact energy exchange plants. A striking example of such a gas-steam plant “Aquarius” the operation of which exceeds the efficiency of gas turbine plants by 10-12% with a simultaneous significant decrease in the concentration of toxic nitrogen oxides NOx and carbon monoxide CO in flue gases.

Методика совместного сведения материального и энергетического балансов при расчете фактических показателей тепловой экономичности газотурбинных установок

Reconciliation of material and energy balances according to data received from systems of technical and commercial record keeping is a mandatory step to calculate thermal efficiency indicators of thermal power plant (TPP) equipment. At the same time, the methodology to draw the balance is not regulated by regulatory documents for gas turbine plants. Appropriate approaches to solve the issue under consideration have not been worked out. There is no data on the impact of the balancing on the results of calculating the actual values of the gross efficiency of gas turbine plants. Thus, it is relevant to develop a methodology of simultaneous equations of the material and energy balances of gas turbine plants. The problem of simultaneous equations of the material and energy balances of a gas turbine plant in a scalar value is formulated within the framework of the concept of solving ill-posed problems based on Tikhonov's regularization. The concept allows one to obtain an analytical solution. When conducting calculations, data from the automated process control system of the operated GTX-100 gas turbine plant have been used. The method of simultaneous equations of the material and energy balances when calculating the actual indicators of the thermal efficiency of gas turbine plants is proposed. The influence of the balancing procedure on the results of calculating the actual values of the thermal efficiency indicators of a gas turbine plant is shown. The authors have determined the maximum deviations of the actual gross efficiency values when adjusting the results of measuring the controlled parameters using the example of GTX-100 gas turbine plant. The developed technique makes it possible to consider the maximum allowable total discrepancy between mass and energy balances, as well as the maximum deviation of the parameter values adjusted according to the balancing results, due to the standardized metrological characteristics of measuring instruments.

ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF GAS TURBINE UNIT OPERATION

A promising direction in the development of the energy sector is the use of energy–saving technologies based on gas turbine units, which can significantly increase the efficiency of fossil fuel use. One of the promising ways to improve the fuel efficiency of gas turbine plants is the use of complex thermodynamic cycles. The article presents a study of increasing the efficiency of gas turbine plants by improving their thermal and technological schemes. The schemes with intermediate cooling in the process of air compression and with heat recovery of exhaust gases are considered. The article discusses the problem of optimization and selection of rational parameters of the working process of a gas turbine plant. Integrated optimization of the parameters of the thermodynamic cycle of a gas turbine unit, such as the gas temperature in front of the turbine, compressor pressure ratio, as well as the parameters that determine the working process of additional units of the plant, plays an important role in increasing its efficiency. The AI–336–1 / 2–10 gas turbine drive, designed to drive gas–pumping units and other industrial plants with a capacity of 10 MW, was chosen as the object of the study.Selecting workflow parameters that provide maximum efficiency is a major challenge in the design of complex cycle motors.The results of a numerical study of the influence of the main parameters of the operating process of the plant on the efficiency are presented, the influence of pressure ratio and the maximum cycle temperature on the cycle parameters is analyzed. The comparison of the values ​​of the optimal pressure ratio in terms of effective efficiency with the optimal pressure ratio in terms of specific effective work for cycles of a simple scheme and a complex one.It is shown that due to multistage compression with intercooling and exhaust gas regeneration; it is possible to achieve high values ​​of effective efficiency, which for a gas turbine plant of a simple scheme can be obtained only at high cycle parameters

The ways of improving the efficiency of gas turbine plants based on aircraft gas turbine engines

The ways of improving the efficiency of gas turbine plants based on aircraft gas turbine engines

Improving the efficiency of gas turbine plants with cogeneration by using the heat of the exhaust gases in the boilers of the heating system

Improving the efficiency of gas turbine plants with cogeneration by using the heat of the exhaust gases in the boilers of the heating system

Study of the effect of fuel temperature on gas turbine performance

The development of gas turbine technologies requires the search for new solutions to improve the efficiency of gas turbine plants. The energy characteristics of a gas turbine depend on many external factors the temperature and pressure of the surrounding air including the composition of the fuel gas. This paper considers the effect of fuel gas temperature. Natural gas, synthesis gas, and aviation kerosene are considered as fuel for a gas turbine. For research, a gas turbine of the GE 6FA model was selected and its mathematical model was created. The results of calculations of the effect of fuel temperature on the energy and economic characteristics of a gas turbine are presented. The dependences of the main characteristics of the turbine were obtained. At the same time, the turbine power is assumed constant since during possible operation as part of a combined cycle gas turbine unit it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature of the exhaust gases after the gas turbine. The assumption was made the costs of heating the fuel were not considered.

Повышение эффективности газоперекачивающих агрегатов: проблемы и решения

The paper describes the process of initiating a project to improve the efficiency of gas turbine plants for driving centrifugal superchargers at compressor stations. The study shows the main trends of increasing the efficiency of gas turbine drives of gas pumping units, gives the constructive-functional appearance of the modern gas turbine drive of the gas pumping unit, and proposes a method for increasing its efficiency.

ПРОМІЖНЕ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ЦИКЛОВОГО ПОВІТРЯ В ГАЗОТУРБІННИХ УСТАНОВКАХ АЕРОТЕРМОПРЕСОРАМИ

Existing technologies to improve the fuel and energy efficiency of gas turbine plants due to intercooling of the cycle air are analyzed. One of the promising ways for increasing the efficiency of such technologies is using thermogasdynamic compression in the heat recovery processes of secondary energy resources. A feature of this process is the pressure rate increase due to the instant evaporation of a finely dispersed liquid is injected into the air stream which accelerated to the speed of sound. When the pressure of the boiling liquid is increased, the power consumption for compressing the working fluid (cyclic air) is reduced, the efficiency is increased and the consumption of the fuel and energy resources of the gas turbine plant is reduced.The advantages of cooling technology with an aerothermopressor are outlined in the article. The aerothermopressor is a multifunctional jet apparatus, whose work consists in injecting water into the stream of cyclic air when it is compressed in the gas turbine plant compressor. If this apparatus is used for cooling of cycle air, it will be compensate for aerodynamic losses along the air path and it will reduce compression work in the compressor, increase the consumption of the working fluid and, as a result, increase the gas turbine plant power. The basic schemes of the aerothermopressor installation between the stages of low and high pressure compressors are considered. Theoretical thermodynamic cycles of such gas turbine plants are presented and the advantage of using a contact cooler for intercooling of the cyclic air in comparison with surface air coolers for intercooling is defined in this paper.The proposed cooling technology makes it possible using low-potential heat of secondary energy resources of gas turbine plants (heat of cyclic air), the utilization of which by traditional methods is problematic because the temperature of waste heat sources is low.The tasks are determined, the solution of which will ensure the possibility of rational organization of cooling processes in the aerothermopressor, which in turn will allow achieving optimal parameters for increasing the efficiency of the gas turbine plant and reducing the specific fuel consumption in relation to the variable climatic conditions of operation

Methods of increasing thermal efficiency of steam and gas turbine plants

Three new methods of increasing efficiency of turbine power plants are described. Increasing average temperature of heat supply in steam turbine plant by mixing steam after overheaters with products of combustion of natural gas in the oxygen. Development of this idea consists in maintaining steam temperature on the major part of expansion in the turbine at level, close to initial temperature. Increasing efficiency of gas turbine plant by way of regenerative heating of the air by gas after its expansion in high pressure turbine and before expansion in the low pressure turbine. Due to this temperature of air, entering combustion chamber, is increased and average temperature of heat supply is consequently increased. At the same time average temperature of heat removal is decreased. Increasing efficiency of combined cycle power plant by avoiding of heat transfer from gas to wet steam and transferring heat from gas to water and superheated steam only. Steam will be generated by multi stage throttling of the water from supercritical pressure and temperature close to critical, to the pressure slightly higher than condensation pressure. Throttling of the water and separation of the wet steam on saturated water and steam does not require complicated technical devices.

A Unit for Stabilizing Power of Gas Turbine Drive of Industrial Superchargers and Electricity Generators

The technical solutions for augmenting energy efficiency of gas turbine plants (GTP), which include cycle air cooling and combined generation of heat and electric energy and water, are reviewed. A mathematical model for calculating the operating parameters of GTPs under variable conditions is described. A schematic diagram of the power stabilizing unit of the gas turbine drive of the energy-generating source of an operating hydrocarbon stock processing enterprise and the results of technoeconomic appraisal of its efficiency are presented.

Comparison of thermal testing of MS9001FA type GTPs at shatura and nizhnevartovsk GRES

Domestic power plants use combined-cycle plants in which a gas-turbine plant (GTP) and a steam turbine rotate a common electric generator. In this instance, it is impossible to measure the power of each of them, so we have to resort to some assumptions. We have succeeded to check the validity of these assumptions and possible errors of their application testing combined-cycle plants (CCP) with the same GTP and a steam turbine but operating each on its own electrical generator. Comparative tests of a MS901FA GTP of the PGU-400 power-generating unit commissioned at Shatura GRES (a thermal power station) and a GTP of the same type installed at Nizhnevartovsk GRES were performed. As a result of these tests, dependences of the electric power of both gas-turbine plants and a turbine outlet temperature on the inlet temperature were obtained. A relation of the GTP efficiency, heat and air rate on the load are determined, and characteristics of compressors and turbines of both GTPs are defined. The performed tests have confirmed the accuracy of the determined characteristics of the two GTPs using both a direct measurement of net power (Nizhnevartovsk GRES) and an indirect measurement (Shatura GRES).

Утилизация шахтного метана в газотурбинных установках для производства электрической энергии и теплоты

Coal mining is accompanied by the release of coal mine methane. Its emissions into the atmosphere within methane-air
 mixture have a negative impact on the ecological situation. The modern approach involves the use of methane-air-mixture
 for heat boilers or units to generate electricity. For the generation of heat and electrical energy the coal mine methane
 could be used in cogeneration gas turbine plants with an altered sequence of processes. Thermo — and gas dynamics
 studies were conducted in a wide range of parameters of gas turbine plants. For small power plants recommended are:
 2.8 compression ratio, turbine inlet — 1173 K, gas cooler inlet temperature — 303 K, 0.8 regeneration ratio. In this case the
 electrical efficiency of gas turbine plant is 25–26% and even 63–64% if produced heat is counted. Cogeneration gas turbine
 plant with an altered sequence of process has smaller capital and operating costs compared to traditional gas turbine unit.
 The use of methane-air mixture as fuel in such gas turbine units increases the profitability of coal mining and improves the
 ecological situation in the region.

Improving Aerodynamic Channels in the Steam and Gas Combined Cycle Plant

Combined cycle plants provide an increase in the efficiency factor of power generating units used by contemporary thermal power plants. Most of the research done to increase the efficiency of gas turbine plants is devoted to an increase in initial parameters and in the first place, the temperature in front of the turbine. This scientific paper gives consideration to an increase in the power of the gas turbine unit behind the turbine due to the improvement of aerodynamic channels. The project was developed and the oxidizer pass of the power unit SGU-250 installed for Moldova hydraulic power station equipped with the gas turbine was updated and that resulted in a considerable power increase reserve due to the reduction of the back pressure behind the gas turbine through the adjustment of the discharge pass of oxidizer from the gas turbine to the boiler. The aerodynamics is improved by the physical simulation using the method of the visual diagnostics of the flow structure. The adjustment of flow aerodynamics provides the flow without separation in the flow passes of the equipment. The test method of the modernization data of the aerodynamic channel was developed using the stopped power unit with actuated forced draft mechanisms. The solution of the problem on decreasing the resistance of the main elements of the aerodynamic channel showed that the compressor output can be increased with a simultaneous increase in the gas turbine power. Making thus no changes in the flow pass parts of compressor elements and turbine elements, by changing only the geometry to reduce pressure losses of input and output GTU elements it is quite feasible to increase the gas turbine power and to improve its power, cost, overall and other characteristics.

Impact of inlet fogging and fuels on power and efficiency of gas turbine plants

A computational study to assess the performance of different gas turbine power plant configurations is presented in this paper. The work includes the effect of humidity, ambient inlet air temperature and types of fuels on gas turbine plant configurations with and without fogger unit. Investigation also covers economic analysis and effect of fuels on emissions. GT frames of various sizes/ratings are being used in gas turbine power plants in Saudi Arabia. 20 MWe GE 5271RA, 40 MWe GE-6561B and 70 MWe GE-6101FA frames are selected for the present study. Fogger units with maximum mass flow rate of 2 kg/s are considered for the present analysis. Reverse Osmosis unit of capacity 4 kg/s supplies required water to the fogger units. GT PRO software has been used for carrying out the analysis including; net plant output and net efficiency, break even electricity price and break even fuel LHV price etc., for a given location of Saudi Arabia. The relative humidity and temperature have been varied from 30 to 45 % and from 80 to 100? F, respectively. Fuels considered in the study are natural gas, diesel and heavy bunker oil. Simulated gas turbine plant output from GT PRO has been validated against an existing gas turbine plant output. It has been observed that the simulated plant output is less than the existing gas turbine plant output by 5%. Results show that variation of humidity does not affect the gas turbine performance appreciably for all types of fuels. For a decrease of inlet air temperature by 10 ?F, net plant output and efficiency have been found to increase by 5 and 2 %, respectively for all fuels, for GT only situation. However, for GT with Fogger scenario, for a decrease of inlet air temperature by 10 ?F, net plant output and efficiency have been found to further increase by 3.2 and 1.2 %, respectively for all fuels. For all GT frames with fogger, the net plant output and efficiency are relatively higher as compared to GT only case for all fuels. More specifically, net plant output and efficiency for natural gas are higher as compare to other fuels for all GT scenarios. For a given 70 MWe frame with and without fogger, break even fuel price and electricity price have been found to vary from 2.2 to 2.5 USD/MMBTU and from 0.020 to 0.0239 USD/kWh respectively. It has been noticed that turbines operating on natural gas emit less carbon relatively as compared to other fuels.

Compressor intake-air cooling in gas turbine plants

The generated power and efficiency of gas turbine plants depend on the temperature of the inlet air. At high ambient temperatures, a power loss of more than 20%, combined with a significant increase in specific fuel consumption, compared to ISO standard conditions (15 °C), can be observed. The purpose of this work is to present a computer simulation of the integration of an innovative technology for reducing the intake-air temperature in gas turbine plants. Following a description of the air-cooling system, simulation results for two test cases are presented: a simple cycle gas turbine and a combined cycle plant. First, the effect of ambient air temperature variation on the power output and efficiency is presented for both cases. Next, the results from the integration of an evaporative cooler and of the air-cooling system under consideration are presented and discussed, demonstrating the gain in power output and efficiency that can be achieved.

105 ガスタービンプラントにおける熱効率向上の方策(FM-1 ガスタービンの性能向上)

This paper describes a comparison between cycle heat balance analysis and exergy analysis on evaluating energy plants, and also describes exergy analysis on gas turbine plants such as gas turbine combined cycle, high turbine inlet temperature gas turbine and recuperated gas turbine cycle, which are well known methods for improving thermal efficiency of gas turbine plants. The analysis is based on the actual gas turbine plants data and specifications. The results showed that the methods for improving thermal efficiency of gas turbine plants mainly rely on reducing combustion exergy loss by the effect of reducing excess air or/and pre-heating combustion air.

The Regenerative Heat Exchanger for Gas-turbine Power-plant

The desirability of using a heat exchanger to improve the efficiency of gas-turbine plant of moderate gas temperatures and pressure-ratios has often to be considered in relation to the large space requirement and cost involved in the installation of a unit of the normal tubular type. This lecture shows that the possibilities of reducing the- bulk of the heat exchanger lie mainly in the use of passages of small diameter and length. The potentialities of the regenerative type of heat exchanger, and the requirements which have to be met if a practical unit working on this principle is to be achieved, are examined. It is thought that the most practical form of regenerator is one employing a rotating heat-exchanging element, and a stationary seal system to prevent the loss of high-pressure air; the relative merits of units of this type are discussed. The main problem to be overcome is that of developing an efficient and reliable sealing system. Work at the National Gas Turbine Establishment on a rotary-disk regenerator to study the sealing and general mechanical problems is described, together with the results of tests made on a smaller unit built to determine the heat-transfer properties of heat-exchanging elements of the flame-trap type.