Efficiency Of Different Concentrations Research Articles

Evaluation of Efficiency Different Concentrations of SURAGE Herbicides on the Growth and Yield of Two Varieties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Associated Weeds

The experiment, was carried out during the 2021-2022 agricultural season in two locations, the first location in AlNamrood, district, 40 km south east of the city center, and the second location in Tal kaif district, 15 km north of the city center, with different soil textures, in to evaluate the efficiency of different concentrations of SURAGE and varieties in growth and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and associated weeds. The experiment include two factors, The first was two Varieties of wheat (Tal Afar 3 and Wafia) and the second factor was SURAGE herbicide with three concentrations (SURAGE -25, SURAGE R.C and SURAGE +25), control treatment was SURAGE -25 (25% less than the recommended concentration, 75% a.i. of the recommended concentration), SURAGE R.C. (100%, a.i. the recommended concentration), SURAGE +25 (more than the recommended concentration by 25%, a.i. 125% of the recommended concentration) in addition of control. The experiment application according factorial experiment system (split-plot) using RCBD and Duncan’s multiple range test was used to compare average the treatment. The most important results can be SURAGE R.C. and SURAGE + 25 have the lowest total weight of weeds with an efficiency rate of 61.83% and 58.8%, respectively in AlNamrood location, and treatment SURAGE + 25 in Tal kaif location efficiency rate of 39.53%. have treatment SURAGE R.C. the highest yield at Al-Nimrod and Tal kaif location was 60.83% and 51.04% for AlNamrood and Tal kaif location, respectively.

Synergistic effect of sorafenib with Platycladus orientalis (L) leaf extract on cervical cancer

The extracts of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco leaves have shown promising anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potency with the traditional knowledge of healing HPV associated warts. The purpose of this research is to assess the synergistic activity of sorafenib and Platycladus orientalis (L) leaf extraction on cervical cancer cells. The cytotoxicity efficiency of different concentrations of Sorafenib and ethanol extract of Platycladus orientalis (L.) leaves were tested on HeLa cells by MTT and Trypan blue assays. The synergistic effect of the IC50 concentrations of Sorafenib and Platycladus orientalis (L.) on HeLa cell by MTT assay, and mRNA expression levels of tumor suppressor tazarotene-induced gene 3 (TIG3), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene and apoptosis modulator (Bcl-2) gene by RT-PCR were evaluated with individual treatments. Combination treatment showed a relatively more expression of TIG3 and less expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA was observed. Growth factor-induced MAPKP activation was arrested by compound combination treatment, which and suppression of proliferation-induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. Based on the our results, the combination of sorafenib and crude leaf extract from Platycladus orientalis (L.) can effectively suppress cervical cancer cell growth, thereby providing an interesting rationale for further clinical trials and in-vivo studies.

EVALUATION OF TWO CRYOPROTECTANTS USED IN A NEW HUMAN SPERM CRYOPRESERVATION TECHNIQUE.

The aim: To examine the efficiency of different concentrations of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol as a cytoprotectants in protection of human sperms during cryopres¬ervation in this technique. Materials and methods: Thirty oligozoospermic semen samples were used in this study. Samples diagnosed according to WHO 2010 criteria. Sheep's ovarian follicles obtained from local slaughterhouse and prepared by slicing the ovaries and evacuating the follicular fluid and oocyte. Each semen sample divided into six equal parts, and diluted 1:1 with cryosolution contains 5%, 10%, 15% DMSO or glycerol and injected within the emptied follicles. After freezing and thawing, the semen mixture aspired outside the follicles and sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, and normal morphology were examined. Results: The best recovery rate of progressive and total motility post-thawing were with the use of 5% glycerol, and the lowest recovery rate of progressive and total motility and normal morphology were with the use of 15% DMSO. Conclusions: In this technique, glycerol was more efficient than DMSO regarding sperm motility. The best concentration of glycerol for cryopreserve human spermatozoa is 5%.

Effects of CO2 and surfactants on the interface characteristics and imbibition process in low-permeability heavy oil reservoirs

Due to the poor physical properties and low flowing capability of crude oil in low-permeability heavy oil reservoirs, fracturing is generally required for effective development. Imbibition is considered an important development method for low-permeability and tight reservoirs after fracturing. In this paper, the imbibition efficiency of different concentrations of surfactant solutions and different CO2 pressures in low-permeability heavy oil reservoirs were studied, the oil-water interfacial tension (IFT) and contact angle (CA) of the imbibition process were tested, and the mechanism of improved oil recovery (IOR) was obtained by the modified NB−1. In addition, the effects of permeability and oil viscosity changes on imbibition efficiency were also investigated. The results show that the imbibition recovery of heavy oil increases with increasing surfactant solution concentration, and surfactants can reduce IFT and alter wettability. The oil recovery can be enhanced by 10.87% with the addition of surfactants. At the beginning of imbibition, the NB−1 value is negative, and the imbibition process is cocurrent imbibition driven by gravity. Then, the NB−1 value soon becomes positive, and the capillary force becomes the driving force of the imbibition process. As the CO2 pressure increases, the imbibition recovery increases. When the system pressure is 8 MPa, the imbibition recovery reaches 29.8%. CO2 can reduce the oil viscosity and IFT as well as strengthen the wettability alteration effect through dissolution and diffusion, thus enhancing the flowing capability of heavy oil. The imbibition recovery increases with increasing core permeability (50–200 mD), but the increase gradually decreases. In addition, imbibition recovery decreases with increasing oil viscosity, and the key factor for imbibition in low-permeability heavy oil reservoirs is to improve the flowing capability of the heavy oil.

Removal kinetics and mechanisms of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) by HA-n-FeS colloids in the absence and presence of oxygen

The colloid of ferrous sulfide modified by humic acid (HA-n-FeS) shows good reduction and immobilization efficiency for variable-valence heavy metals in wastewater. The removal efficiency of HA-n-FeS for halogenated organic pollutants, however, remains unclear, especially in the absence and presence of oxygen. This study addressed this issue by exploring the effect and mechanism of dissolved oxygen on the degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) by the HA-n-FeS colloid in water. The results showed that the removal efficiency of different concentrations of TBBPA (5,10, and 20 μm) by the HA-n-FeS colloid was 33.16%, 20.48%, and 22.37% in the absence of oxygen, respectively. When TBBPA reacted with the HA-n-FeS colloid, the concentration of Fe(II) and S(-II) remained stable. The adsorption of HA-n-FeS was the main mechanism of removing TBBPA in the absence of oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, the removal efficiency of TBBPA by the HA-n-FeS colloid was 82.37%, 56.80%, and 43.78% (for the above-mentioned TBBPA concentrations), respectively. In addition, the removal capacity of TBBPA by HA-n-FeS was 39.63, 52.21, and 89.75 mg/g, respectively. The concentration of Fe(II) and S(-II) decreased rapidly in time. Among them, the HA-n-FeS colloid removed part of the TBBPA through chemical adsorption. The main way of chemical adsorption was pore adsorption and functional group (olefin CC, phenolic hydroxyl group O–H, alcohol group C–O) combination. Besides, the HA-n-FeS colloid degraded part of the TBBPA into BPA through reduction, in which 17.72% of TBBPA was removed by the reduction of HA-n-FeS colloid. Fe(II) was the main contributor to the reductive degradation of TBBPA. Furthermore, active species (1O2 and •O2−) played a minor role in the removal of TBBPA by the HA-n-FeS colloids with oxygen, where 13% of TBBPA was removed by 1O2 and •O2−. Therefore, in practical applications, the aeration method can be used to significantly improve the removal efficiency of TBBPA by HA-n-FeS colloids in water.

The Efficiency of Aloe vera Gel Extract in Inhibiting the Growth of Aspergillus flavus Fungus Associated with Imported and Domestic Rice Grains in Iraq and its Ability to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Production

Al-Hamiri, K.A.A. and H.Z. Hussein. 2022. The Efficiency of Aloe vera Gel Extract in Inhibiting the Growth of Aspergillus flavus Fungus Associated with Imported and Domestic Rice Grains in Iraq and its Ability to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Production. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 164-168. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.164168 The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different concentrations of Aloe vera gel extract in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus on potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium, as well as evaluating the efficiency of the extract in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus and reducing Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production in rice grains. The results obtained showed that the concentrations 1, 2, 3, and 4% of Aloe vera gel extract caused variable inhibition rates of A. flavus growth on PDA culture medium; of 97, 100, 5.88 and 17.64%, respectively. The best concentration from the laboratory experiment, (2%) was used, to evaluate its efficiency in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus on rice grains during storage and reduced AFB1 production by 86.5%, from 21.2 ppb in the control to 2.86 ppb in the treatment using HPLC high- performance liquid chromatography. The same treatment reduced AFB1 concentration in rice grains contaminated with AFB1 by 74.7%, from 22.88 ppb in control to 5.78 ppb in the extract treatment. Keywords: A. flavus, mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1, Aloe vera, food, feed, toxicity

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficiency of Different Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canals – AnIn vitroStudy

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficiency of Different Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canals – An<i>In vitro</i>Study

The Smear Layer Removal Efficiency of Different Concentrations of EDTA in primary teeth: A SEM Study

Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on smear layer removal in primary teeth by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: The present study was performed with 28 extracted upper primary incisors assigned into four main groups (n=7) as 5%, 10% and 17% EDTA, and 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The root canal surfaces (coronal, middle and apical) were scanned by SEM and scores of smear layer removal were recorded and compared after the root canal irrigation procedures. The results were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Friedman and Dunn tests. Results: In all the root portions, although EDTA groups removed the smear layer more effectively than NaOCl, a statistically significant difference was observed between 17% EDTA and 1% NaOCl only in middle third (p &amp;lt;0.05). Also, smear layer was removed more effectively in coronal than apical in most of the groups (10% EDTA, 17% EDTA and 1% NaOCl) (p &amp;lt;0.05). Erosive defects were mostly seen in 17% EDTA and less than 10% EDTA group. These findings were not detected in 5% EDTA and 1% NaOCl group. Conclusions: It is possible to recommend the use of 5% EDTA irrigation solution in root canal treatment of primary teeth due to its similar smear layer removal efficacy with NaOCl and high concentration EDTA groups, low erosive potential and low concentration for periapical safety.

Evaluation of Calcium Hydroxide Removal Efficiency of Different Concentrations and Forms of Sodium Hypochlorite

Evaluation of Calcium Hydroxide Removal Efficiency of Different Concentrations and Forms of Sodium Hypochlorite

Catfish Glycoprotein, a Highly Powerful Safe Preservative of Minced Beef Stored at 4 °C for 15 Days.

Minced beef is a very perishable food product, due to its vulnerability to microbial contamination and its fast quality deterioration. In the current study, the biological efficiency of different concentrations (0, 50 and 100 µg g−1) of the antibacterial catfish glycoprotein (CFG) was estimated as a possible improver of the storability and safety of minced beef preserved at 4 °C for 15 days. CFG (50 and 100 µg g−1) could efficiently control the changes in meat pH during 15 days storage at 4 °C to be within the normal, acceptable levels (6.4 and 6.2, respectively), equalizing the level of the control for minced beef after 6 days of storage under similar conditions. Likewise, the level of metmyoglobin in minced beef stored at the same conditions was maintained at 53.67 and 46.67% by CFG supplementation at 50 and 100 µg g−1, respectively, at the 15th day of storage, which is comparable to the 6th day in case of the control samples. However, the antioxidant effect of CFG against lipid peroxidation was less effective. The antibacterial action of CFG was most pronouncedly powerful and efficient. Supplementation of minced beef with CFG at 50 and 100 µg g−1 significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the bacterial counts at all the time inspection points as compared to the control. After 15 days of storage, the total viable bacteria, psychrotrophic bacterial count and coliforms count were reduced to 3.12, 2.65 and 0.0 log CFU g−1, respectively, in response to CFG (50 µg g−1), and 2.41, 2.04 and 0.0 log CFU g−1, respectively, in response to CFG (100 µg g−1); this compared to 5.13, 4.78 and 2.5 in the control samples after only six days cold storage. Using CFG at 50, 100 and 200 µg g−1 in rat diets did not affect their liver or kidney functions, reflecting the non-toxicity of this substance. Substantiating the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of CFG in minced beef storage may support its use as a naturally powerful and safe food preservative, as well as a shelf-life extender.

A Green Approach to Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminium in Acid Medium Using Azwain Seed Extract

The inhibition efficiency of different concentrations of Azwain seed extract on the corrosion of Aluminium in 0.5N HCl solution was investigated by weight loss method, electrochemical and surface analysis techniques. Results of weight loss method indicated a increase in inhibition efficiency (IE) up to a particular concentration of Azwain seed extract then a decrease on the samewith increasing inhibitor concentration. Polarization study revealed that Azwain seed extract controls both the anodic and the cathodic reactions. AC impedance spectra showed that a protective film is formed on the metal surface. The nature of the metal surface was analysed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorption of extract on the Aluminium surface was found to obey Longmuir and frumkin adsorptionisotherms. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed.

Removal of Escherichia coli in boning knives with different sanitizers

The aim of the present study was to investigate adhesion and biofilm formation on boning knife (new and used; handle – polyethylene and blade – stainless steel) surfaces to evaluate the efficiency of different concentrations of biguanide, peracetic acid and hot water (82.2 °C) in the removal of attached Escherichia coli cells on these surfaces. The bacteria presented an ability of biofilm formation in vitro, being weakly and moderately adherent after 6 h and 24 h respectively. Results showed that the bacterial adhesion increased with the time in both surfaces evaluated (handle and blade). Biofilm formation (1 × 103 CFU/cm2) occurred after 6 h of contact time on the handles (new and used surfaces) and blades (new surface). A lower concentration (0.2%) of peracetic acid was efficient in removing adhered cells for 6 h on new and used surfaces. Hot water, typically used in industries, also proved to be efficient in most of the contact times evaluated. It was possible to observe that surface roughness increased with the bacterial adhesion. In this way, hot water with peracetic acid seems to be a promising treatment for the removal of E. coli from boning knives.

Effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) in canine sperm cryopreservation: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro and in vivo efficiency of different concentrations (0, 10 and 20 mM) of reduced glutathione supplemented to the extender for canine semen cryopreservation. Six normospermic dogs were used and each ejaculate was divided in 3 experimental groups, according to GSH concentration (GSH-0, GSH-10 and GSH-20 Groups). After thawing, samples were evaluated by sperm motility by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), flow cytometric evaluation of plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and activity, chromatin susceptibility to acid-induced denaturation, and measurement of spontaneous and induced production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). In vivo tests were carried out with GSH-0 and GSH-10 groups, for which six bitches were inseminated with semen cryopreserved in extender without GSH or containing 10 mM GSH. Intrauterine insemination was performed by cervical catheterization on the 5th and 6th days after the LH surge, detected by serum progesterone and LH assays. In the CASA evaluation, GSH-20 group had the lowest total and progressive motility and lower percentage of sperm with rapid and slow speed. Groups treated with glutathione showed lower percentage of acrosome damage, but higher percentage of plasma membrane injury. GSH-20 group had higher percentage of sperm with low mitochondrial activity and higher concentration of induced TBARS. Both groups (GSH-0 and GSH-10) had positive pregnancies. In conclusion, 20 mM GSH supplementation to canine cryopreservation extender promoted sperm damage, especially to mitochondrial activity. However, addition of 10 mM GSH resulted in acrosome protection, preserving fertility rate.

Preparation and characterization of genipin-crosslinked silk fibroin/chitosan sustained release microspheres

Objective To investigate the efficiency of different concentrations of genipin and silk fibroin( SF) ∶ chitosan( CS) ratios on the package and release of SF-CS composite microspheres. Methods Selected the microspheres with a SF∶ CS ratio of 1∶ 1 to encapsulate different concentrations of bovine serum albumin( BSA) and compared their encapsulation efficiency and sustained-release rate with those of pure chitosan microspheres. SF-CS microspheres were prepared with emulsion cross-linking technique. The microspheres were observed by scanning electron microscope. Size distribution was measured by a laser particle size analyzer. X-ray diffractometry( XRD),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR) and thermogravimetricanalyzer( TGA) were used to analyze their structural characteristics. BCA method was used for determination of the drug entrapment,loading rate and cumulative release of the total drug. Results The five types of microspheres( m( CS) : m( SF) = 1∶ 0. 5,0. 1 g or 0. 5 g genipin; m( CS) ∶ m( SF) = 1∶ 1,0. 05 g or1 g genipin; m( CS) ∶ m( SF) = 1∶ 2,0. 5 g eniping) had a more spherical shape and smooth surface with particle size between70-147 μm. The microspheres prepared with m( CS) ∶ m( SF) of 1 ∶ 1 and 0. 05 g genipin in the presence of 10 mg,20 mg,or 50 mg BSA of BSA burst-released( 30. 79 ± 3. 43) %,( 34. 41 ± 4. 46) %,or( 41. 75 ± 0. 96) % of the entrapped BSA on the first day,and cumulatively released( 75. 20 ± 2. 52) %,( 79. 16 ± 4. 31) %,and( 89. 04 ± 4.68) % in 21 d,respectively. The pure CS microspheres prepared in the presence of 10 mg BSA burst-released( 39. 53 ±1. 76) % on the first day and cumulatively released( 83. 57 ± 2. 33) % of the total encapsulated BSA in 21 d. Conclusion The SF-CS composite microspheres had a higher sustained release rate than the pure CS microspheres and may be a better drug carrier.

Efficient Bone Formation in a Swine Socket Lift Model Using Escherichia coli-Derived Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Adsorbed in β-Tricalcium Phosphate

Several preclinical studies have shown that Escherichia coli-derived bone morphogenetic protein-2 (E-BMP-2) is as effective as mammalian cell-derived bone morphogenetic protein-2 (C-BMP-2) in the treatment of bone defects. However, further investigation of the effectiveness and determination of the optimal dosage of E-BMP-2 in large animals are still necessary before its full application in humans. This study investigated the efficiency of different concentrations of E-BMP-2 adsorbed in β-TCP for bone augmentation and osseointegration of immediate dental implants in a swine socket lift model. Following exposure of the maxillary sinus lateral wall, a 3.4-mm (diameter) cavity was drilled and filled with 0.1 g of β-TCP containing different doses of E-BMP-2 (0, 10, 30, or 100 μg/site) to lift the Schneiderian membrane. A dental implant was then immediately inserted. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone density (BD) examined via histological analysis were used as parameters to assess E-BMP-2 efficiency in bone formation. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured using Osstell to determine the effect of E-BMP-2/β-TCP on implant stability. After 8 weeks, the groups that received 30 and 100 μg of E-BMP-2 showed substantial new bone formation in the elevated space, while no bone formation was observed with β-TCP alone. Accordingly, BIC and BD presented a dose-dependent response to increasing doses of E-BMP-2. However, there was no increase in implant stability with E-BMP-2 treatment. In conclusion, the E-BMP-2/β-TCP combination was efficient in bone formation and osseointegration of dental implants in a socket lift model in mini-pigs.

Comparative evaluation of the effect of antioxidants added into peanut (arachis hypogae l.) oil biodiesel by P-DSC and rancimat

Biodiesel, a blend of long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters, undergoes oxidation due to the degradation of unsaturated esters upon the contact with atmospheric oxygen or changes in temperature and moisture. In peanut biodiesel, oleate and linoleate represent more than 80 % of the overall ester content, which are the quality-determining esters. In the present work, oxidative stability of peanut oil biodiesel obtained by the methanolic and ethanolic routes was evaluated by P-DSC and Rancimat methods. The efficiency of different concentrations of antioxidant substances, α-tocopherol, TBHQ (tert-butylhydroquinone), and green tea extract (Camellia sinensis L.) added into biodiesel was investigated. The results showed that α-tocopherol acted as pro-oxidant in the two biodiesels, for all studied concentrations. The synthetic antioxidant substance, TBHQ, corrected the stability of biodiesels with high efficiency while green tea extract showed an antioxidant additive potential for use in biodiesel.

Evaluating the potential of natural curcumin for oxidative stability of soybean oil

The active substance of turmeric rhizome (curcumin) was extracted and identified with TLC and NMR. To evaluate the antioxidant efficiency of different concentrations of curcumin (120, 160 and 200 ppm) compared with tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) (120 ppm) and α-tocopherol (200 ppm) at two different temperatures (25°C and 55°C) under dark and light conditions during 90 days, the soybean oil with no added antioxidant was used as a food model, and its fatty acids profile was determined by GC. Results indicated that increasing concentration of curcumin leads to significantly decreased oxidation rates. The soybean oil containing curcumin at 25°C in darkness with the lowest rate of increased peroxide value indicated the same antioxidant activity with α-tocopherol and TBHQ. Moreover, the results of acid value and iodine value indicated that samples with curcumin were more effective in preventing oxidation at both temperatures compared with control. However, light did not have any significant effect.

Controle do amadurecimento de banana 'Prata-Anã' armazenada sob refrigeração e atmosfera modificada passiva com o uso do 1-metilciclopropeno

O 1- Metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) é um produto inovador que inibe a ação do etileno em vegetais, retardando o início do amadurecimento de pomáceas, frutas de caroço e frutas tropicais. Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de diferentes concentrações do 1-MCP no controle do amadurecimento de bananas 'Prata-Anã' produzidas no Norte de Minas Gerais, armazenadas a 12°C e 95% de UR sob atmosfera modificada passiva. Os cachos foram colhidos no grau 1 de coloração da casca, que corresponde ao estádio verde de maturação. Foram utilizadas somente as segundas pencas dos cachos selecionados e estas foram separadas em buquês de 4 frutos. Cada parcela constou de 4 repetições e cada repetição 1 buquê. As concentrações do 1-MCP aplicadas foram: 0, 30, 60 e 90 ppb. Os frutos foram acondicionados em bandejas de isopor e embalados em filme de PVC de 15 micras, armazenados a 12°C e 95% de UR, sendo avaliados aos 10, 15, 20, e 25 dias. As avaliações realizadas constaram de diâmetro, grau de coloração da casca, firmeza, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e pH. A aplicação do 1-MCP foi eficaz em retardar o amadurecimento de bananas 'Prata-Anã' cultivadas na região Norte de Minas Gerais. As concentrações de 30, 60 e 90 ppb não apresentaram efeito diferenciado quanto às características avaliadas, podendo ser utilizada a concentração de 30 ppb, com economia do produto, obtendo-se os mesmos benefícios das concentrações de 60 e 90 ppb.

INFLUENCE OF NEUTRAL PROTEASE ACTIVITY ON HUMAN ISLET ISOLATION OUTCOME

O455 Aims: The enzymatic dissociation of pancreatic tissue by collagenase is a key step in the islet isolation procedure. Previous investigations in the rat clearly showed that neutral protease activity is a critical component regarding the efficient release of islets from the acinar tissue and viability of isolated islets. However, no information is available about the effect of neutral protease (NP) activity on human islet isolation. The aim of the present study was therefore to compare the efficiency of different concentrations of NP combined with purified collagenase on human islet isolation outcome. Methods: Islets were isolated by digestion-filtration from UW-perfused pancreata (76±4 g) obtained from adult (51±2 years) and slightly obese (26±1 BMI) multiorgan donors after a cold ischemia time of 9±1 hours. Following intraductal collagenase distension pancreata were digested at 37°C by means of 20 U/g Collagenase NB 1 (SERVA) supplemented either with 2.6 (n=10) or 4.5% (n=10) of Neutral Protease NB (SERVA). Prior to and subsequent to purification on a Ficoll-Na-diatrizoate gradient islet yield was determined as islet equivalents (IEQ). Viability (trypan-blue exclusion) and glucose stimulation index during static incubation (20 vs 2.8 mM glucose) were assessed after overnight culture. Results: Regarding donor variables no significant differences were found between experimental groups. Increasing concentration of NP from 2.6 to 4.5% resulted in a significant reduction of undigested tissue from 22±2 to 17±2 g (P<0.05) remaining in the chamber. This corresponds to a significant increase of the digested tissue volume (26±2 vs 40±3 mL, P<0.01) which correlates with a significant increase of total islet yield prepurification from 459800±22900 to 587600±69000 IEQ (P<0.05). The difference in islet yields after utilization of 2.6 or 4.5% NP was diminished after purification (345700±31200 vs 391500±35400 IEQ, NS). Nevertheless, quality control revealed a significant reduction of glucose stimulation index by increasing NP concentration from 2.6 to 4.5% (4.8±1.1 vs 2.1±0.5, P<0.05). Viability (100±1 vs 95±3%, P<0.05) and purity (70±6 vs 49±5 %, P<0.05) were significantly affected by enhanced NP concentration as well. Conclusions Although increased neutral protease activity seems to improve islet release from the adult human pancreas by promoting enzymatic tissue dissociation, it significantly decreases islet in vitro function and viability. The reduction of purity indicates severe damage of acinar tissue by enhancing NP activity presumably affecting islet integrity as well.

Altas concentrações de FSH-p na maturação in vitro de oócitos Bos indicus

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de diferentes concentrações de um FSH-p comercial sobre a maturação nuclear de oócitos Bos indicus, clivagem e desenvolvimento in vitro de embriões até estádios de blastocisto. Após seleção e transferência para o meio TCM 199/HEPES suplementado com diferentes concentrações de FSH-p (T1 = 10mg/m&lt;img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1025" src="../../../../img/revistas/cr/v31n4/a14img01.gif"&gt; ; T2 = 20mg/m&lt;img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1026" src="../../../../img/revistas/cr/v31n4/a14img01.gif"&gt; ; T3 = 40mg/m&lt;img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1027" src="../../../../img/revistas/cr/v31n4/a14img01.gif"&gt;), os oócitos foram incubados, durante 24 horas, a 39ºC em atmosfera úmida contendo 5% de CO2. Parte dos oócitos foram retirados para análise da maturação nuclear e os demais foram transferidos para o meio de fecundação (mDM). Após 18 horas de incubação nas mesmas condições atmosféricas mencionadas para os oócitos, os presumíveis zigotos foram distribuídos no meio de desenvolvimento embrionário (KSOM) contendo monocamada de células da granulosa. As porcentagens de metáfase II, de clivagem e de blastocisto foram, respectivamente, de 81,8/62,5/17,6% (T1); 55,6/64,0/19,5% (T2) e 50,0/65,0/16,3% (T3). A análise estatística revelou que uma menor porcentagem (P £ 0,05) de oócitos tratados com 20mg/m&lt;img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1028" src="../../../../img/revistas/cr/v31n4/a14img01.gif"&gt; e 40mg/m&lt;img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1029" src="../../../../img/revistas/cr/v31n4/a14img01.gif"&gt; de FSH-p alcançou o estádio de metáfase II e que as taxas de clivagem e blastocisto não diferiram (P ³ 0,05) entre os tratamentos. Os resultados permitem concluir que a adição de 20mg/m&lt;img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1030" src="../../../../img/revistas/cr/v31n4/a14img01.gif"&gt; e 40mg/m&lt;img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1031" src="../../../../img/revistas/cr/v31n4/a14img01.gif"&gt; de FSH-p ao meio de cultura interfere no processo de maturação nuclear, mas todas as concentrações testadas podem ser utilizadas sem prejuízo aparente para a clivagem e o posterior desenvolvimento embrionário.