Efficiency Of Water Purification Research Articles

Achieving efficient water-electricity ensemble via using easily obtainable hydrovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid generators

The solar-driven water-electricity cogeneration system (WECS) has emerged as a promising strategy to simultaneously address the global challenges of water scarcity and sustainable energy production. Despite its dramatic potential, current WECS technologies face issues related to complex processes and limited energy output, which hinder their practical application. In this study, we present an efficient WECS utilizing a spray-constructed carbon black/polyvinylidene fluoride loaded bamboo fiber paper (CB/PVDF@BFP) hybrid integrated with double-stacked thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The CB/PVDF@BFP composite features a Janus structure with hydrophobic and hydrophilic sides, facilitating efficient water evaporation and hydrovoltaic electricity generation. Under one sun irradiation, the composite achieves an evaporation rate of ~ 1.41 kg·m−2·h−1 with ~ 90 % photothermal efficiency and up to ~ 99.8 % decontamination efficiency for efficient water purification. Notably, our designed hybrid power generation module can reach up to ~ 1600.44 mW/m2 under 1 sun, ~ 3-fold and ~ 4000-fold exceeding the previous only thermoelectric- and hydrovoltaic- based devices, respectively. This hybrid approach demonstrates enhanced energy recovery and utilization of solar energy, offering a promising solution to the water and energy crises through a single WECS.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІОНІЗАЦІЇ В ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСАХ

The article examines the use of ionization in various technological processes and its impact on increasing efficiency, quality and environmental safety. Ionization, as a physical process, is becoming an increasingly popular technology due to its ability to improve productivity and reduce costs in a variety of industrial, agricultural, water treatment, and material processing industries. Studies show that ionization significantly increases the efficiency of air and water purification, reducing the concentration of harmful substances and pathogens to safe levels. In the agricultural sector, ionization helps to increase yield, improve the health of plants and animals, and also increases the resistance of products to microbiological deterioration. In industrial processes, such as coating, ionization allows to achieve greater adhesion and durability of coatings, which helps to increase the life of products. The article also discusses modern achievements in the field of ionization and their implementation in practice, which allows to reduce energy costs and minimize the environmental impact of technological processes. Research results demonstrate that ionization is a promising technology for a wide range of applications, from industrial production to environmental and medical applications. Despite the many advantages, the article emphasizes the need for further scientific research in this area to expand the possibilities of using ionization, especially in the fields of nanotechnology, biomedicine and alternative energy. The authors conclude that ionization can become a key technology of the future, able to significantly influence the development of the industry and ensure sustainable development in various industries. Thus, ionization is not only a powerful tool for improving existing technological processes, but also a promising direction for creating new, more efficient and environmentally safe solutions in production, the agricultural sector, and other spheres of activity.

Delamination of MXene using biomolecule: An effective strategy toward the utilization of delaminated MXene as fillers in polymer composites

AbstractWith the emergence of two‐dimensional (2D) materials analogous to graphene, transition metal carbides and carbonitrides with unique desirable characteristics known as MXenes have turned out to be a hot research topic. Recent studies increasingly focus on the structure–property relationships of MXenes and their hybrid formations with other materials. The exfoliation and delamination of MXenes using various agents is gaining attention, while their application in functional composites presents another exciting research direction. However, the exfoliation of multi‐layered MXene into few‐layered nanosheets using bio‐based agents remains underexplored. In this study, tannic acid (TA) is employed as a bio‐exfoliating agent to delaminate Ti3C2Tx MXene, while optimizing the ratio of TA to achieve efficient exfoliation and dye adsorption. The MXene/TA composites demonstrated a maximum adsorption capacity of 187.264 mg/g and a removal efficiency of 93.69% for methylene blue (MB) in water, in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, MB adsorption caused MXene to coagulate into floccules, enabling easy removal via filtration. The study highlights the trifold role of tannic acid in MXene as a delaminating, antimicrobial, and adsorption‐enhancing agent, creating a multifunctional MXene‐tannic acid system. It introduces a new class of hybrid materials with effective applications in water purification. Additionally, incorporating this hybrid material into polymers can fine‐tune their properties, leveraging the synergistic effects of the trio to develop high‐performance smart polymer composites for diverse applications.Highlights Synthesis of MXene from Ti3C2Tx Optimization of the delamination efficiency of the biomolecule tannic acid Characterization of tannic acid‐MXene delaminated composites Analysis of the antibacterial efficiency of tannic acid delaminated MXene Investigation of water purification efficiency of delaminated MXene

Recent Progress in Photocatalytic Applications of Electrospun Nanofibers: A Review.

Electrospun fiber-based photocatalysts demonstrate significant potential in addressing global environmental and energy challenges, primarily due to their high specific surface areas and unique properties. This review examines recent advances in the application of these materials in photocatalytic processes, with a particular focus on water splitting and hydrogen production. The principles of the electrospun method are described in detail, along with the operating parameters, material characteristics, and environmental conditions that affect the fiber formation. Additionally, the review discusses the challenges, advantages, and future prospects of photocatalysts incorporating carbon materials, metals, semiconductors, and hybrid structures with improved performance. These materials have the potential to significantly improve the efficiency of hydrogen energy production, water purification, and CO2 recovery, highlighting their importance in engineering sciences.

Industrial Testing of a Hybrid Technology for Water Purification from the Oka River Using the Method of Charcoalization with Powdered Sorbent

The development of the industrial sector and the increase in production capacity have a positive effect on the economic situation of the country, but not on environmental safety. Insufficiently purified and polluted wastewater is constantly discharged into water sources, the amount of which directly depends on the industrial development of the region. Thus, the anthropogenic load on the Oka River affects the composition of water in the source, there are often bursts of instantaneous emissions, as well as the flowering of phytoplankton in the summer. The latter further significantly reduce the efficiency of water purification to drinking quality. Therefore, the development of technologies that will be able to maintain purification at the required level is an urgent task. The article presents the method of charcoalization, which allows to neutralize pollution in a short time and improve the water treatment quality. An industrial experiment of the developed technology was carried out at an operating water treatment plant with testing of two extreme do-sages of sorption material. The optimal dose of coal pulp was determined, the impact on significant purification performance was described, and the technological solutions have been developed to determine the point of coal pulp input and the dosage multiplicity. The conducted research has made it possible to expand knowledge in the field of drinking water preparation and to determine significant water parameters that are affected by the sorption purification method.

Enhancing water purification efficiency with zirconium-mercaptosuccinic acid metal-organic framework integrated mixed matrix membranes: Synthesis, comprehensive characterization, and performance insights

The development of metal-organic framework (MOF) based membranes has shown great potential to address the bottlenecks in industrial wastewater treatment. This study emphasized a novel approach involving a zirconium-based MOF (Zr-MA-MOF) with mercaptosuccinic acid (MA) as a ligand for fabricating mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). These MMMs were fabricated using a polyethersulfone (PES) matrix embedded with different nanofiller loadings of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 wt%. Consequently, this study investigated the impact of Zr-MA-MOF loadings on the membrane morphology and functional performance, particularly focusing on pure water flux, rejection of salts, heavy metals, and dyes, antifouling properties, and long-term stability. The MMM with a loading of 0.75 wt% Zr-MA-MOF emerged as a standout performer, delivering an exceptional water flux of 71 Lm−2h−1 and rejection efficiencies of 80, 74, and 99 % for divalent magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), monovalent sodium chloride (NaCl), and dyes (including methylene blue, congo red, and rose bengal), respectively. The heavy metal rejection capabilities of the Zr-MA-MOF membrane were equally remarkable, with rejection rates of 90, 92, and 94 % for arsenic, chromium, and aluminum ions, respectively. Furthermore, a flux recovery ratio of 92 % showcased the great potential for sustainable industrial applications. These findings revealed that the integration of Zr-MA-MOF into membrane technology holds great potential for water treatment processes, catering to both human consumption and industrial applications for diverse wastewater treatment needs.

Treatment process of pre-coagulated waters involving polyethylene (PE) microplastics by ultrafiltration membranes coupled without or with pre-deposited aggregate-based layer

In recent years, environmental and ecological issues caused by microplastics pollution have received widespread attention. The coexistence of polyethylene (PE) microplastics with other soluble and particulate contaminants in water environments is considered to pose a new challenge for water treatment engineering. This study first focused on the combined effects of microplastic size (13 and 150 μm) and concentration (0, 20 and 100 mg/L) of floc properties in the coagulation-flocculation process (CF). The results showed that the involvement of PE microplastics hindered larger floc formation but enhanced the floc strength. The presence of either smaller microplastic particles at a fixed concentration (100 mg/L), or a higher concentration of 13 μm microplastic particles resulted in smaller and more highly-branched floc aggregates. During ultrafiltration of pre-coagulated water (CF-UF), the “13 μm + 100 mg/L” case exhibited less severe membrane fouling than the other cases (“without PE”, “13 μm + 20 mg/L” and “150 μm + 100 mg/L”). Comparing the CF-UF process in the “without PE” and “13 μm + 100 mg/L” cases, the pre-deposited aggregate-based layer could give a lower degree of membrane flux decline and mitigate membrane fouling during ultrafiltration of pre-coagulated water (CF-UFPL). Moreover, both the involvement of PE microplastics and the properties (thickness and compactness) of the pre-deposited layer affected membrane filterability and fouling degree. Lastly, the influencing mechanisms of coexisting microplastics in UF, CF-UF and CF-UFPL processes were explored by comparatively analyzing the correlation of pre-coagulated floc physicochemical characteristics with membrane filterability, water purification efficiency and membrane fouling degree in both the absence and presence of microplastic particles.

Asymmetric Ba0.7Sr0.3CoO3-δ/MXene solar evaporators for enhanced treatment of high salinity organic wastewater: Improving salt deposition control and pollutant removal

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) utilizes solar thermal energy to produce clean water, addressing the water-energy paradox. However, challenges like photothermal conversion performance and salt deposition limit its adoption. Additionally, when SIE is applied to organic wastewater treatment, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the distilled water can diminish water purification efficiency. In this study, we developed a Ba0.7Sr0.3CoO3-δ/MXene composite solar evaporator capable of simultaneous removal of organic matters (93.70 % removal of 4-chlorophenol) with high evaporation performance (1.50 kg m−2 h−1) during the evaporation of salt-containing organic wastewater. The incorporation of Ba0.7Sr0.3CoO3-δ into the composite significantly enhanced the photothermal conversion capacity, improving the evaporation efficiency. The organic pollutant removal activity of Ba0.7Sr0.3CoO3-δ stemmed from lattice oxygen, which was activated by photothermal conversion heat. The incorporation of Ba0.7Sr0.3CoO3-δ and MXene in the solar evaporator significantly enhances the photothermal conversion performance. Additionally, the innovative asymmetric edge structure effectively addresses the salt deposition issue and enables the removal of organic pollutants through in situ utilization of heat generated from photothermal conversion. This approach offers a subtle yet effective strategy for mitigating pollutant accumulation in the solar interfacial evaporation process, ensuring long-term water purification and clean water production.

Improving the Efficiency of Water Purification from Heavy Metals using the Electric Spark Method

Improving the Efficiency of Water Purification from Heavy Metals using the Electric Spark Method

Halloysite‐Based Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes With Enhanced Water Permeation and Antifouling Efficiency for Saline Water Purification

Halloysite‐Based Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes With Enhanced Water Permeation and Antifouling Efficiency for Saline Water Purification

Using CaCO3 armor to alleviate PFOA-induced stress on microorganisms in porous aquatic environments

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), even at trace levels, can cause considerable microbial responses in porous aquatic environments. We propose the use of CaCO3 to reduce PFOA migration through the formation of Ca-PFOA bonding, which impede the intracellular penetration of PFOA and thus alleviate PFOA-induced damage to microbes. In this work, a porous environment was simulated by sand columns (100 mm in height), and a thin layer of CaCO3 was placed on the top of the columns. Upon the dissolution of CaCO3, Ca2+ reduced the zeta potential of the effluent as the influent containing 2.4 μM PFOA passed through the CaCO3-containing system. This promoted the bonding of Ca-PFOA, resulting in more than a twofold increase in the blocking efficiency of PFOA during the initial 13 days. A calcite calcium armor (50–100 nm) formed on the cell surface effectively reduced the oxidative damage caused by PFOA: intracellular reactive oxygen species were reduced by 39.3 %, and bioactivity (in adenosine triphosphate) increased by 454.5 %. The alleviation of PFOA-induced stress reduced the synthesis of extracellular polymerizing substances by 67.1 %, but microbial growth remained healthy. CaCO3 introduction stimulated quorum sensing through the generation of C6-HSL to up-regulate the carbon fixation pathway. Under PFOA-induced stress, CaCO3 introduction resulted in a microbial community that was similar to that in the absence of PFOA; additionally, the dominance of denitrifying bacteria as hosts of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) decreased, resulting in minimal or no impact on water purification efficiency. Additionally, microbial-induced carbonate precipitation functional microorganisms were enriched as Ca2+ alleviated PFOA-induced stress. In conclusion, CaCO3 effectively alleviated PFOA-induced stress and reduced the environmental effects of PFOA on the porous aquatic environment. Microbial enhancement strategy provides a new perspective for PFOA pollution remediation.

New insights into antifouling property and interfacial mechanism in photo-Fenton membrane distillation

Membrane distillation (MD), boasting high interception efficiency and low operational pressures, emerges as an innovative membrane technology. However, the occurrence of membrane fouling due to interaction between natural organic matter (NOM) and inorganic ions during the MD process curtails water purification efficiency, thereby constraining its potential applications. To address this quandary, this study integrates sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) into MD technology to bolster membrane fouling control. A straightforward hydrothermal method coupled with vacuum filtration was employed to synthesize a Co3O4/Nitrogen-modified carbon quantum dots (NCDs)/PVDF (CN-PVDF) membrane for the first time, which was utilized in the MD treatment of simulated humic acid (HA) wastewater. Under visible light irradiation (1.9 kW/m2), CN-PVDF membrane activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) effectively altered the chemical attributes of the MD feed solution and reduced organic matter concentration. Moreover, it dismantled the carboxyl sites on HA that interact with Ca2+, consequently attenuating the formation of organic–inorganic complex pollutants. The XDLVO analysis showcased that photo-Fenton oxidation led to a diminishment in pollutant hydrophobicity, correlating with a 17.59 kT reduction in pollutant-membrane adsorption and a 7.47 kT amplification in adhesion barriers. This strategy transformed the initial two-stage fouling mode into a singular one, which significantly decreased the flux decline and the fouling layer thickness. Furthermore, the CN-PVDF membrane demonstrated self-cleaning capabilities via photo-Fenton. This study advances an innovative approach to bolster the fouling resistance of MD membranes and provides substantial theoretical support for the integration of SR-AOPs and MD technologies.

Underwater light source changes microecosystem constructed by Vallisneria spinulosa Yan for water restoration: Efficiency of water purification, characteristics of growth, and rhizosphere

Submerged macrophytes are effective in ecological restoration of water bodies polluted by nitrogen and phosphorus, and its restoration capacity depends on underwater illumination condition. This study explored the influencing mechanism of illumination on Vallisneria spinulosa Yan (V. spinulosa Yan) for water restoration. Addition of underwater light source increased the total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and phosphate removal loads of the V. spinulosa Yan growth system by 61.5, 39.2, 8.5, and 5.0 mg m−2 d-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the growth of V. spinulosa Yan was obviously promoted, even with high water turbidity. Although the biological nitrogen removal processes were inhibited by adding underwater light source, the growth of V. spinulosa Yan can be significantly improved, thus enhancing the efficiency of water purification via the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by V. spinulosa Yan. This study provides a theoretical foundation and technical support for application of submerged macrophytes in ecological water restoration.

Preparation of complex titanium-containing coagulants from large-scale mineral concentrates and their use in wastewater treatment

Relevance. Development of new, highly effective reagents for treatment of wastewater of various origins is a complex and extremely important task. An equally pressing issue remains the development of technologies for processing large-scale mineral products, which currently have not found an economically feasible technology for their processing and have received the status of “waste”. The development of a technology for producing reagents using waste as a raw material will not only have an economic effect but will also significantly minimize the level of negative impact on the environment and take a step towards the implementation of the Zero Waste concept. Aim. Development of technology for processing large-scale titanium-containing raw materials to obtain complex titanium-containing reagents and study of their effectiveness in wastewater treatment from various industries. Methods. To study the phase composition of the samples, the X-ray diffraction method was used, and the determination of metal content in acidic solutions and wastewater was carried out by atomic emission spectroscopy. Results and conclusions. The authors have proposed the technology for production of complex titanium-containing coagulants, which includes hydrometallurgical technology for sulfuric acid processing of large-capacity mineral raw materials – titanite. Aluminum hydroxide was introduced into the resulting solutions to adjust the chemical composition and neutralize free sulfuric acid. The resulting aluminum sulfate transforms into the most stable form of 18-aqueous crystalline hydrate, absorbing moisture from the solution, realizing chemical dehydration. The study of the composition of solid samples of coagulants showed that the predominant phase in the composition of the complex coagulant is aluminum sulfate, and the content of titanium compounds ranges from 1 to 14 wt %. It was established that by varying the ratio of mineral raw materials:sulfuric acid it is possible to vary the amount of modifying additive titanium compounds in the complex reagent. It was proven that the use of complex titanium-containing coagulants in wastewater treatment allows reducing the consumption of coagulants by 25–35%, increasing the efficiency of water purification, minimizing residual concentrations of pollutants, and also significantly increasing the rate of sedimentation of coagulation sludge in comparison with traditional sulfate aluminum.

Application of coagulation-microfiltration for membrane fouling mitigation in highly saline dyeing wastewater: Anti-fouling modification of membrane and novel insight of salt into regulation of cake layer formation

Cake layer formation is the dominant microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling mechanism after long-term operation. The regulation of cake layer characteristics is less clarified in the coagulation-microfiltration (CMF) technique due to an incomplete understanding of flocculation mechanism; however, gaining such insight will contribute to improving MF efficiency for water purification. Herein, an antifouling MF membrane for high saline textile wastewater was constructed using polydopamine (pDA) co-deposition with sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SS), and methoxypolyethylene glycols (mPEG). Thereafter, the cake layer formation in the CMF technique could be precisely regulated by adjusting salt concentration (NaCl or Na2SO4). Results indicated that the inorganic salt-induced transformation of flocculation mechanism endows a desired regulation of cake layer characteristics, consequently leading an increase in membrane flux. Various properties and formation of flocs were caused via different flocculation mechanisms (from predominant charge neutralization to integrated interaction) in response to a salt variation, giving rise to a directed transition behavior of cake layer formation from compact to porous structure. Particularly, the coagulation mechanism was validated by the experimental analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the high salt permeation (>90%) and acceptable dye rejection (>98%) of two commercial reactive dyes could be obtained by the proposed CMF technique, exhibiting a satisfactory fractionation behavior of dyes/inorganic salt. A beneficial contribution is the direct reuse dyeing of NaCl from the spent dyeing bath in new dyeing operations. These results could provide a further understanding of the underlying mechanisms of coagulation-enhancing MF behavior and inspire the precise regulation of cake layer characteristics to achieve efficient MF.

Comparison and Management of Water Purification Efficiency of Artificial Wetland according to Inflow Water Conditions: Focusing on the Gyeongancheon Basin

Comparison and Management of Water Purification Efficiency of Artificial Wetland according to Inflow Water Conditions: Focusing on the Gyeongancheon Basin

Enhancing Uptake Capability of Green Carbon Black Recycled from Scrap Tires for Water Purification

This study reports on the highly simple fabrication of green carbon black (GCB) generated from scrap tires with acetic acid to improve the adsorption efficiency for water purification, which is thoroughly compared with conventional carbon black (CB) obtained from petrochemicals. Unlike traditional modification processes with strong acids or bases, the introduction of a relatively mild acid readily allowed for the effective modification of GCB to increase the uptake capability of metal ions and toxic organic dyes to serve as effective adsorbents. The morphological features and thermal decomposition patterns were examined by electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The surface functional groups were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The structural information (ratio of D-defects/G band-graphitic domains) obtained by Raman spectroscopy clearly suggested the successful fabrication of GCB (ID/IG ratio of 0.74), which was distinctively different from typical CB (ID/IG ratio of 0.91). In the modified GCB, the specific surface area (SBET) gradually increased with the reduction of pore size as a function of acetic acid content (52.97 m2/g for CB, 86.64 m2/g for GCB, 102.10-119.50 m2/g for acid-treated GCB). The uptake capability of the modified GCB (312.5 mg/g) for metal ions and organic dyes was greater than that of the unmodified GCB (161.3 mg/g) and typical CB (181.8 mg/g), presumably due to the presence of adsorbed acid. Upon testing them as adsorbents in an aqueous solution, all these carbon materials followed the Langmuir isotherm over the Freundlich model. In addition, the removal rates of cationic species (>70% removal of Cu2+ and crystal violet in 30 min) were much faster and far greater than those of anionic metanil yellow (<40% removal in 3 h), given the strong electrostatic interactions. Thus, this work demonstrates the possibility of recycling waste tires in the powder form of GCB as a cost-effective and green adsorbent that can potentially substitute traditional CB, and the modification strategy provides a proof of concept for developing simple fabrication guidelines of other carbonaceous materials.

Comprehensive effects of microplastics on algae-laden surface water treatment by coagulation-ultrafiltration combined process: Algae cultivation, coagulation performance and membrane fouling development

In coastal areas, the surface water has been simultaneously exposed to the algae blooms caused by eutrophication and the microplastics (MPs) pollution originating from active human activities. As a practical alternative to address these issues in drinking water plant, coagulation-ultrafiltration combined process is still confronted with the limited understanding about the comprehensive effects of MPs on algae-laden surface water (ASW) treatment. Considering the migration of MPs in nature environment and drinking water treatment process, this study first aims to systematically investigate the influence of MPs on algae cultivation, coagulation performance and membrane fouling development. The results of algae cultivation indicate that MPs stimulated the algae activity by 58 % and then constantly suppressed the secretion of protein-like, humic-like and polysaccharide-like metabolites. The variation of particle size distribution and zeta potential confirm that MPs acted as nuclei to facilitate the development of large coagulation flocs with an increasing average size from 82.6 μm to 107.6 μm, during which the negatively charged pollutants were neutralized and removed from ASW. According to the SEM images, MPs could destroy the structure of fouling layer on 50 kDa membranes during the filtration of ASW coagulation effluent. Its synergistic effect with the enhanced coagulation performance and the suppressed EOM secretion contributed to the alleviation of membrane fouling caused by overlapped large-sized foulants. However, the interaction between the enriched organic foulants by MPs and the deposited coagulants on 300 kDa membranes facilitated the development of cake layer, leading to the deterioration of membrane permeability. This study emphasizes the importance in concerning the existence of MPs during the treatment of ASW by coagulation-ultrafiltration combined process and their exact influence in water purification efficiency.

EXPRESS CALCULATION OF OXYGEN REGIME IN WASTEWATER FACILITIES

Problem statement. The efficiency of biological water purification depends significantly on the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the volume of the bioreactor. But during the operation of bioreactors, the oxygen regime changes, so it is important to predict the oxygen concentration for different modes of operation of treatment plants. Simplified mathematical models are used to calculate the oxygen regime, but these models are designed for typical bioreactors. An important task is the development of effective multivariate numerical models for evaluating the oxygen regime in reactors of different geometric shapes, which differ from “classical” reactors. The purpose of the article. Development of a CFD model for operational evaluation of the oxygen regime in bioreactors. Methodology. For mathematical modeling of the oxygen regime in the bioreactor, a two-dimensional mass transfer equation is used, which takes into account the place of oxygen supply from the aerator located in the building, the hydrodynamics of the flow in the bioreactor, and the diffusion process. The potential motion model was used to solve the hydrodynamic problem. Numerical integration of modeling equations is carried out by using finite-difference splitting schemes. At each splitting step, the difference equations are solved using explicit schemes. This allows a simple computer implementation of the numerical model. Scientific novelty. A multifactor two-dimensional CFD model was developed, which allows for a quick assessment of the oxygen regime in a bioreactor used for wastewater treatment. Practical significance. The developed CFD model and computer code can be used at the stage of designing or re-engineering bioreactors in order to find the optimal location of aerators in the structure. Conclusions. The software implementation of the developed numerical model was carried out. The results of a computational experiment on the study of the wastewater treatment process in a sedimentation tank are presented.

A cationic radical metal–organic framework enabling low water evaporation enthalpy and high photothermal conversion efficiency for solar-driven water purification

An innovative solar evaporator, combining Cu foam with a cationic radical MOF (PFC-771) as the photothermal absorber, demonstrates rapid and efficient solar energy-driven water evaporation.