Efficacy Of Vision Therapy Research Articles

New Perspective of Multi-dimensional Approach for the Management of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review

One of the most common mental diseases in childhood, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often lasts into adulthood for many individuals. The neurodevelopmental condition known as ADHD impacts three areas of the brain: hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention. The visual field is where attention is most affected by ADHD. Non-strabismic binocular vision disorder (NSBVD), which impairs eye coordination and makes it challenging to focus, has been linked to ADHD. Through a critical cognitive process called visual attention, humans are able to take in and organize information from their visual environment. This greatly affects how one observes, processes, and understands visual information in day-to-day living. Vision therapy is a non-invasive therapeutic approach that aims to improve visual talents and address visual attention deficits. This study aims to provide an overview of the research on the many approaches to treating ADHD, the relationship between NSBVD and ADHD, and whether vision therapy is a viable treatment option for ADHD. After a comprehensive search of many online resources, relevant studies were found. The review's findings provide insight into the range of ADHD patients' treatment choices. In order to improve treatment outcomes, non-pharmacological treatments can be employed either alone or in conjunction with medicine. Medicine by itself is insufficient and has several severe side effects when used continuously. The efficacy of vision therapy in improving visual attention and making recommendations for potential directions for further research in this field. Multiple studies are needed to identify the most effective treatment modalities for achieving positive outcomes for ADHD patients.

Efficacy of vision therapy in impaired stereoscopic depth with intermittent exotropia (true divergence excess) with unilateral amblyopia: a case report

Divergence excess (DE) can be described clinically as exotropia at far greater than the near deviation by at least 10 prism dioptres (PD). We are reporting a rare case of 25-year-old female visited in the eye department for a routine eye check-up with a history of decreased vision in one eye. On examination, it was detected as a case of unilateral amblyopia with intermittent exotropia of true divergence excess with high accommodative-convergence over accommodation (AC/A) ratio. The patient was asymptomatic from exo-deviation due to the presence of binocular vision and good fusional reserve. The patient was started on active conventional vision therapy along with occlusion therapy. Post 16 weeks of constant therapy, a vision assessment with complete squint assessment along with binocular vision tests were performed. The result interprets to support the use of active conventional vision therapy as an integral part of the clinical treatment of amblyopia and intermittent exotropia. The rate of recovery of several monocular functions monitored during the vision therapy period provides the evidence of neural plasticity at multiple sites in the visual pathway in this adult amblyope. Therefore, if an ordered plan is being followed for the management of the patient of unilateral amblyopia and divergence excess, it can yield long-lasting improvement in visual acuity and binocular functions of any age.

Effect of vision therapy on measures of oculomotor function of patients presenting with post-concussion syndrome

Oculomotor dysfunction is a common symptom of post-concussion syndrome (PCS). By use of a retrospective analysis approach, the efficacy of Vision Therapy (VT) for the treatment of PCS related symptoms of the visual system was investigated. Overall, 56 patients were selected for inclusion in this study, all of which presented with clinical impairment of at least one measure of oculomotor functioning. Activities related to VT were wide-ranging and case-dependent, but all aimed to improve one of the five main areas of visual function. Following completion of VT, all patients demonstrated statistically or clinically significant improvements, as defined by use of Morgan’s Norms, in at least one measure of oculomotor functioning related to PCS. In general, improvements in measures of oculomotor functioning were greatest for near point of convergence, vergence facility and accommodative facility. Patients receiving 20 sessions of VT had improved and less variable outcomes when compared to those receiving 5-10 sessions of VT. In addition, VT was found to improve symptoms of visual discomfort in patients presenting with PCS. Results of this retrospective analysis demonstrate significant improvements in measured outcomes for all patients receiving VT and support VT as a treatment option for symptoms of PCS.

P-250 - Efficacy of vision therapy on reading related visual functions

Some evidence suggests that poor reading is partially related to deficiency of visual functions. The efficacy of vision therapy on such visual functions, and in turn reading abilities has been subject of controversy. This study was aimed to evaluate any possible effect of vision therapy on the reading- related visual functions in a sample of Persian speaking students with reading problems. Distance visual acuity (DVA), near visual acuity (NVA), accommodative facility (AF) and saccadic eye movement (SEM) were assessed binocularly on 10 poor readers using Snellen eye chart, reduced Snellen chart at 40 cm, ±2.00 D lenses and fixation- refixation technique, respectively. Their results were compared with a sex, age, educational level matched control group. Poor readers underwent 5 weeks visual therapy for AF, SEM. Poor reader performed lower than controls on AF and SEM at the baseline, but there were no significant difference between groups on other measures. Both AF and SEM were improved following the training course. Visual therapy would improve basic visual functions that may influence reading ability. The later should be tested in further studies.

Cerebral Palsy for the Pediatric Eye Care Team—Part II: Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Motor Deficits

IntroductionCerebral palsy is a term used to describe a spectrum of neurological deficits resulting from damage to the developing nervous system. This paper, the second in a series of three articles, will present frequency, diagnosis, and management of the ocular motor deficits associated with CP. Topics for discussion will include the prevalence and type of strabismus, the effect of CP on eye movement systems, the efficacy of vision therapy for eye movement deficits, and strabismus surgery.MethodsIn 2002, a retrospective chart review of all cases of cerebral palsy referred to the St. Louis Children's Hospital Eye Center was done. Detailed data on the sensory and motor deficits documented in these children was collected. Also recorded was the management strategy and response to treatment.ResultsOf the 131 cases reviewed (mean age 5.2 years at presentation), 84 (64%) had strabismus: 55% esotropia and 27% exotropia. Of those patients tested for eye movement disorders 67 (61%) had evidence of instability of fixation; 85% of the patients had a pursuit deficit; and 80% had some type of deficit in performing saccades. Vergence was affected in 45% of our patients. Of the patients who underwent strabismus surgery, 67% achieved success after a mean number of 2.1 surgeries. Surgical success was associated with mild or moderate CP (P < .0005), and a stable preoperative angle. Six percent of our patients underwent vision therapy for strabismus or eye movement anomalies under the direction of an outside optometrist.ConclusionInfantile strabismus is significantly more common in children with CP than in the general pediatric population. Disorders of eye movements are also very common. Based on our experience and review of the literature there is no convincing evidence that vision therapy significantly improves eye movements or visual functioning. Approximately 2 of every 3 cases of nonaccommodative strabismus associated with CP can be successfully managed with conventional strabismus surgery, though most children will require at least two surgeries to achieve alignment.

Management of Binocular Anomalies

Southern California College of Optometry, Fullerton, California This paper is based on an oral presentation given by Dr. Rouse on December 10, 1985 at the Symposium on Management of Binocular Anomalies: Efficacy of Vision Therapy. This meeting was sponsored by the Binocular Vision and Perception Section at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Optometry in Atlanta, Georgia. Received January 5, 1987. * Optometrist, M.S.Ed., Member of Faculty, F.A.A.O. AUTHOR'S ADDRESS: Michael W. Rouse Southern California College of Optometry 2575 Yorba Linda Boulevard Fullerton, California 92631