Efficacy Of Seed Treatments Research Articles

Foliar fungicides provide chemical control of Fusarium head blight of wheat in South Africa

Chemical control of a yield-limiting, quality-reducing wheat disease like Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important management strategy; however, no fungicides are registered against it in South Africa. The aim of this study was to determine foliar fungicides and seed treatment efficacy for FHB management. Three commercial fungicides and two seed treatments were evaluated in a naturally infested field during 2011 and 2012. Significant interactions between the seed treatments and the foliar fungicides were obtained for FHB incidence and yield. When the fungicide Abacus® was sprayed in combination with either of the two seed treatments, FHB incidence was significantly decreased compared with use of the fungicide alone. Prosaro® sprayed in combination with Galmano® Plus as a seed treatment significantly decreased yield compared with the use of Prosaro alone or in combination with Vitavax® Plus as a seed treatment. The fungicide treatments significantly reduced FHB incidence and the percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (%FDK) when compared with control treatments, and significantly increased the yield. A weak but significant correlation was recorded between deoxynivalenol (DON) and %FDK. Strong negative correlations were observed between hectolitre mass (HLM) and FHB incidence and %FDK, respectively, and between yield and %FDK. These results indicate that the chemical control of FHB of wheat can be used to manage the disease in South Africa. Future research, therefore, must focus on integrating chemical control with host resistance to obtain optimal results.

Efficacy of Seed Treatment and Foliar Application of Against Soybean Stem Fly Melanagromyza sojae

A field experiment on the effectiveness of seed treatment and foliar application of insecticides againstsoybean stem fly Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) was carried out at the All India Coordinated ResearchProject (AICRP) on Soybean, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, Karnataka duringkharif 2017. The seeds treated with thiamethoxam 30FS @ 10 ml/kg seed and foliar application ofthiamethoxam 25WG 0.40 g/ l at 30 days after germination (DAG) were found effective. It was on par withseeds treated with imidacloprid 48FS @ 1.25 ml/ kg seed and foliar application of imidacloprid 17.8SL@ 0.50 ml/ l at 30 DAG. The plots treated with these gave higher grain yield of 1794.48 and 1678.89 kg/ha, respectively. Higher net gain of 1: 4.22 was obtained from the seeds treated with thiamethaxom 30FS@ 10 ml/ kg seed and foliar application of thiamethoxam 25WG 0.40 g/ l at 30 DAG; and it proved to behighly cost effective. The foliar application of chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC @ 0.30 ml/ l at 10 and 30 DAGwas equally effective compared to thiamethoxam and recorded the C: B ratio of 1: 3.94. The plots treatedwith quinalphos 25EC @ 2 ml/ l at 10 and 30 DAG led to the least stem tunneling of (26.73%) and thelow grain yield of 1177.78 kg/ ha.

Fasulyede Rhizoctonia solani’nin Neden Olduğu Kök Çürüklüğüne Karşı Tohuma Bazı Fungisit Uygulamalarının Etkinliği

Fasulyede Rhizoctonia solani’nin neden olduğu kök çürüklüğüne karşı bazı fungisitlerin çıkış oranı, hastalık şiddeti ve bitki gelişimi üzerindeki etkisi bu çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Tohum ilacı olarak kullanılan fungisitler arasında sedaxane en etkili fungisit olup, patojenle inokuleli kontrol uygulamalarına göre çıkış oranını %93.33 seviyesinde artırdığı, hastalık şiddetini ise %44 oranında engellediği tespit edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde fludioxonil ve azoxystrobin etkili maddeli fungisit uygulamalarındaki çıkış oranının sırasıyla %86.67 ve %73.33 olduğu, hastalık şiddetinin ise %32.00 ve %30.67 oranlarında azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Trifloxystrobin ve difenocanozole etkili maddeli fungisitler ise orta derecede etkili olup, hastalık şiddetini sırasıyla %18.67 ve %20.00 oranlarında engellemişlerdir. Bununla birlikte thiram, acibenzolar-s-methyl ve propineb etkili maddeli fungisitlerin çıkış oranı ve hastalık şiddeti üzerinde etkili olmadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bitki gelişimi açısından da sedaxane, fludioxonil ve azoxystrobin etkili maddeli fungisitlerin kontrole yakın bir gelişim sağladıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda bu fungisitlerin tek başına yada kombinasyon uygulamalarının fasulyede bu hastalığın neden olduğu kayıpların azaltılması açısından faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Insecticide Seed Treatment Efficacy Against Sugarcane Aphid in Grain Sorghum, 2017

Insecticide Seed Treatment Efficacy Against Sugarcane Aphid in Grain Sorghum, 2017

Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Applied to Hybrid Rice Seed.

Hybrid rice and insecticide seed treatments targeting rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, have altered the landscape of rice production. The effect of reduced seeding rates on seed treatment efficacy in hybrid rice has not been studied. During 2011 and 2012, an experiment was conducted at seven locations to determine the relationship between low seeding rates used in hybrid rice and efficacy of selected insecticidal seed treatments as measured by rice water weevil densities and yield. Labeled rates of thiamethoxam, chlorantraniliprole, and clothianidin were compared with higher rates of these products to determine if labeled rates provide an acceptable level of control of the rice water weevil. Study locations were divided into low, moderate, and high groups based on rice water weevil larval densities. All seed treatments and seed treatment rates reduced rice water weevil densities. However, there was no observed yield or economic benefit from the use of an insecticidal seed treatment in areas of low pressure. Differences in yield were observed among seed treatments and seed treatment rates in moderate and high pressure locations, and all seed treatments yielded better than the untreated plots, but these differences were not always economical. All seed treatments showed an economic advantage in areas of high weevil pressure, and there were no differences among seed treatment products or rates, suggesting that currently labeled seed treatment rates in hybrid rice are effective for rice water weevil management.

Quantitative Fusarium spp. and Microdochium spp. PCR assays to evaluate seed treatments for the control of Fusarium seedling blight of wheat

To develop sensitive quantitative PCR assays for the two groups of pathogens responsible for Fusarium seedling blight in wheat: Fusarium group (Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum) and Microdochium group (Microdochium nivale and Microdochium majus); and to use the assays to assess performance of fungicide seed treatments against each group. Primers conserved between the species within each group were used to develop competitive PCR assays and used to quantify DNA of each group in wheat seed produced from inoculated field plots. Seed was used in seed treatment efficacy field experiments and the amount of DNA of each group was determined in emerged seedlings. The performance of treatments towards each group of pathogens was evaluated by comparison of the reduction in DNA in seedlings emerged from treated seed compared with untreated seed. DNA from the two groups of pathogens causing Fusarium seedling blight of wheat can be quantified separately using the competitive PCR assays. These assays show improved sensitivity compared with those previously reported for the individual species and allowed the quantification of pathogen DNA in seed and seedlings. Significant reductions in pathogen DNA were evident for each seed treatment. Quantification of DNA for each group allows the evaluation of seed treatment performance towards the two components of Fusarium seedling blight disease complex. The approach taken and the assays developed in this study will be of use for the study of other Fusarium disease complexes and their control. Based on the results reported here on the seedling stage of crop development, further studies that examine the control of seed-borne pathogens through fungicide seed treatments throughout the growing season are warranted.

Alberta and Saskatchewan joint Regional Meeting, 2003

Alberta and Saskatchewan joint Regional Meeting, 2003

Wheat Seed-Treatment Efficacy Against Hessian Fly and Aphids, 1992:

Abstract Three rates of NTN 33893 240 FS seed treatment were compared to a standard of Disyston 15 G in-furrow for suppression of HF, aphids, and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) symptoms. The test was planted 13 Nov on a Marlboro sandy loam in Barnwell County, SC. The experimental design was a RCB with 5 replicates. The experimental unit was a plot 50 x 5.3 ft (8 rows on 8 inch spacing). Granular Disyston was placed in-furrow with electric Gandy applicators. Seed treatments were made by adding 40-ml total volume dilutions of 6 lb of seed and thoroughly mixing in a plastic bag. HF counts were taken by randomly uprooting 10 plants from each of 4 plots (40 plants/treatment) and examining them in the laboratory for larvae and puparia. Aphids were sampled on 3 Feb by counting aphids on 2, random 6-inch samples per plot in 4 replicates (8/treatment). Aphid counts on 9 Mar were taken by shaking wheat plants from 6 inches of row into a sheet metal sampler, (2 samples/e.u., 8 samples/treatment) which extended beyond the full length of the plants. Specimens which could not be field identified were returned to the laboratory for microscopic examination. BYDV ratings were determined by counting the number of symptomatic flag leaves from four 50-ft rows (200 row ft) per plot (1,000 row ft/treatment). These were converted to % based on 2, random 1 m culm counts per plot. Yields were taken by harvesting the middle 6 rows with an Almaco plot combine.

Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Nematicide Seed Treatment on Wheat, Rye, Oats, and Ryegrass1

AbstractRoot‐pruning nematodes can restrict roots of winter annual forage grasses (seeded in autumn) and prevent utilization of water at greater than normal depths during autumn droughts in the southeastern U.S. The efficacy of seed treatment as an inexpensive method for precise delivery of the nematicide in the seedling root zone was studied in the greenhouse. Seed of ‘Maton’ rye (Secale cereale L.), ‘Coker 68‐15’ wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), ‘Florida 501’ oats (Avena sativa L.), and ‘Gulf’ ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were treated in acetone solutions of oxamyl (methyl N′, N′‐dimethyl‐N {(methylcarbamoyl) oxy}‐1‐thiooxamiimidate), carbofuran (2, 3‐dihydro‐ 2, 2‐dimethyl‐7‐benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) or phenamiphos (ethyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐(methyl thio) phenyl (1‐ methylethyl) phosphoramidate) containing 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0% (w/v) nematicide. Seeds were planted in sterilized soil or soil naturally infested with lance (Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb) Sher.) and stunt (Tylen‐ chorhynchus claytonii Steiner) nematodes. Both oxamyl and carbofuran were relatively non‐toxic to germinating seed while phenamiphos was quite phytotoxic. Relative tolerances of the grass species to nematicide seed treatment were rye>wheat>ryegrass>oats. Seed treatment at 1.25% w/v with all nematicides reduced the soil population of stunt nematodes, although the effect was greatest on wheat and oats. Stunt nematodes on wheat declined 65% or more with treatment concentrations of 1.25% w/v. Oxamyl was most effective in reducing populations of lance nematodes. These results indicate that seed treatment is a promising economical method of applying nematicide to control plant parasitic nematodes.