Efficacy Of Incentives Research Articles

Creating and maintaining film clusters: Synthetic control method analysis of the enactment and repeal of US state film incentives

AbstractThe proliferation of US state incentives for film production led to numerous studies of whether the incentives affected production location, including case studies of key early incentive‐adopting states. The overall evidence on the efficacy of incentives is mixed. We carry out numerous additional case studies using the synthetic control method (SCM). A unique contribution of the paper is an examination of both the adoption and repeal of incentives. We also assess whether incentives have spillover effects between production and other activities within the film industry, whether spatial spillovers affect the SCM estimates, and whether the incentive effects are long lasting.

Choosing the discount size in the software industry: How to incentivise the salesforce

Despite the importance of pricing strategies in B2B sales, previous studies have devoted scarce attention to discount strategies. Drawing on anchoring theory and employing a mixed-method sequential research design (i.e., two experiments and a qualitative study), we explore whether previous discount information (i.e., a reference discount) of a B2B salesperson influences the decision about the amount of discount granted to a new customer. We also examine the role of incentives in this relationship. The findings show the importance of reference discounts in determining the discount level given to a new customer. Specifically, salespeople's incentives reduce this effect. Our qualitative efforts demonstrate that uncertainty reduction and self-interest are the main reasons behind reliance on reference discounts and the efficacy of incentives, respectively. The findings of this research highlight the consequential impacts of salespeople's past knowledge and monetary incentives on determining the discount level.

The myth of voluntary uptake of proven fishing gear: investigations into the challenges inspiring change in fisheries

AbstractWe describe an investigation into the challenges faced by fishing gear technologists inspiring the voluntary uptake of proven fishing gear by fishers, defined as fishing gear that has satisfied research objectives following field trials between fishers and fishing gear technologists. We applied a multifaceted approach to understand how the uptake rate of this fishing gear can be achieved based on the results of a 3-year ICES-FAO Working Group on Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour (WGFTFB) topic group on change management in fisheries. This was supported by an online survey and interview of WGFTFB members, comprising mainly of fishing gear technologists and researchers from Europe and North America, and a review of projects in the US Northwest Atlantic to evaluate the performance of fishing gear in close collaboration with fishers. We found that widespread voluntary uptake of proven fishing gear by fishers is rare, and usually takes place over many years if at all. The uptake of this gear was more likely occur in the face of perceived financial benefit or impending regulation, although financial benefit was not always sufficient inducement for fishers change their gear. The effectiveness of outreach programmes to inspire the uptake of this gear was also found to be questionable, and the efficacy of incentives was limited and inconsistent, even if the informational deficit of fishers was low. Few WGFTFB members were found to use change management models such as that by Kotter, and they relied mainly on informal, ad hoc approaches to inspire the uptake of proven fishing gear. Based on our findings we posit a need to (i) examine our assumptions about the behaviour of fishers, (ii) augment communication of the results of fishing gear research, (iii) focus on emotions to overcome motivational deficits, and (iv) consider how the application of change management models can improve the ability of fishing gear technologists to inspire the uptake of proven fishing gear by fishers.

The Role of Sanctions and Incentives in Promoting Successful Reentry: Evidence From the SVORI Data

Prior work on the efficacy of incentives and sanctions in community supervision practices suggests both can encourage desistance during prison reentry. Yet limited scholarship has investigated how sanctions and incentives impact reentry together and most research in this area is cross-sectional. Using four waves of data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, results of cross-lagged dynamic panel models reveal that certain incentives, namely supervision officer praise, relate to significantly lower levels of offending and substance use. Conversely, supervision sanctions and supervision officer reprimands relate to higher levels of offending and substance use over time. Overall, supervision practices that emphasize recognizing prosocial behavior over punishing noncompliance appear to hold greater promise for promoting successful reentry. Findings suggest that supervision agencies should consider the potential negative outcomes of sanctions during the reintegration process, and policies should be put into place that more closely consider the role of sanctions on behavior.

Client Group Influence in Economic Development Organizations: Evidence From North Carolina, Nevada, and Oregon

States have empowered economic development organizations (EDOs) to administer incentive programs. But EDOs are fundamentally oriented toward client service, which can lead to client group dominance. Client group dominance can undermine the legitimacy, accountability, and efficacy of incentives. Case studies of economic development administration in North Carolina, Nevada, and Oregon demonstrate that EDOs were more likely to solicit and prioritize client group input, and that they established practices that barred competing group input. The article provides theoretical and practical implications, including potential reforms to bring EDOs closer to established good governance principles.

Efficacy of incentives in eliciting the people's participation in conservation of common property resources in different forest divisions of Himachal Pradesh, India

Efficacy of incentives in eliciting the people's participation in conservation of common property resources in different forest divisions of Himachal Pradesh, India

Do Economic Development Incentives Crowd Out Public Expenditures in U.S. States?

Abstract This paper investigates whether economic development incentives (EDI) crowd out public expenditures in U.S. states. Using EDI data from a new database, this paper employs a two-way fixed effect panel framework and generalized method of moments (GMM) approach to account for dynamic features associated with public expenditures. Potential endogeneity of policy variables and problems with unbalanced panels are also addressed. Results show relatively little effect of incentives spending on most public goods expenditures contemporaneously, with negative repercussions beginning to appear in year one. Findings of this paper carry practical importance for policymakers concerning the efficacy of incentives.

Using incentives in surveys of cancer patients: do “best practices” apply?

Surveys of cancer patients are an important means of collecting data necessary to improve cancer prevention and control. However, health surveys generally are characterized by declining response rates, with incentives often employed to encourage participation. While successful, magnitude of effect is partially dependent upon situational characteristics of respondents, including health status. Given the health challenges experienced by cancer patients, it is unclear to what extent incentives can improve survey participation. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of monetary and non-monetary incentives in improving response to cancer patient surveys. We reviewed the available experimental literature regarding efforts to improve response rates among cancer patients/survivors via incentives. Relevant studies were identified through searches of the MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsychINFO databases from 1975 to 2012. Seed sources (e.g., Cancer Causes & Control, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, and BMC Medical Research Methodology) were also referenced extensively in order to establish a comprehensive set of studies. Although limited, evidence does suggest that token incentives may be less effective for improving survey participation among cancer patients, relative to other population groups. These results are contrary to well-established evidence regarding the efficacy of incentives in improving survey participation generally. Potential reasons why incentives may be less effective in this population are explored. While more research is necessary, results suggest that survey research strategies targeting cancer patients be purposively designed in a manner that gives consideration to the distress associated with the condition, including selection of alternative strategies to improve response.

Acceleration and Spatial Distribution of Industrial Activity in Karnataka

This Article attempts a disaggregated analysis of industrialisation and spatial spread of the manufacturing sector at the industry level, district level and regional level. The analysis points out at limited industrial acceleration (meager contribution of Modem Industrial Sector), and increasing capital intensity. Spatial spread of industrial activity continues to be uneven and volatile. Industrially better developed districts attract more of industrial activity. Influence of growth pole is not positive. Industrial density is more in better developed districts. Efficacy of incentive and concession schemes can be improved if they go with goad infrastructural facilities. Labour intensity can be increased with much more human resource development.