Objective: Sedation is frequently applied in children who need to undergo a diagnosis or treatment procedure. We aim to investigate the safety and efficacy of retention enema with chloral hydrate for the sedation of outpatient children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed outpatient pediatric patients from March 1, 2020 to July 6, 2020, who were given an initial dose of chloral hydrate rectally for needed sedation. Patient demographics, sedation dose, onset action time, action duration time, adverse reactions were recorded. Results: In this study, totally fifty- four pediatric patients (36 males, 18 females; median [range] age, 3 [1-5] years) were sedated with chloral hydrate (median [range] dose, 70 [30-130] mg/kg). The median weight was 15 (10-21) kg, and 48 (88.9%) children was success to sedate and finished the designated examinations. Five cases (9.3%) awoke quickly and one child (1.9%) failure to fall asleep, which required rescheduling of sedation. The median action duration time of sedation was 3 (1-8) hours, and all children recovered normally post-sedation. Only 2 cases (3.7%) showed minor adverse reaction, presented as prolonged sleep. Conclusion: When strictly following the process, retention enema with chloral hydrate in pediatric patients for sedation in this study demonstrated a relatively high success rate and low risk of adverse reactions, and can be used safely and effectively for outpatient pediatrics.