Effect Of Weight Reduction Research Articles

The effect of weight reduction on the diabetes foot: A scoping review and clinical implications

The effect of weight reduction on the diabetes foot: A scoping review and clinical implications

Hydrolysis of poly(ester urethane): In-depth mechanistic pathway determination through thermal and chemical characterization

Many structure/property relationships of hydrolyzed poly(ester urethane) (PEU) – a thermoplastic – have been reported. Examples include changes in molecular weight vs. elongation at break and crosslink density vs. mechanical strength. However, the effect of molecular weight (or molar mass) reduction on some physical, thermal, and chemical properties of hydrolyzed PEU have not been reported. Therefore, a large set of hydrolyzed PEU (Estane®5703) samples were obtained from two aging experiments: 1) accelerated aging conducted under various environments (air, nitrogen, moisture) and at 64 °C and below for almost three years, and 2) natural aging conducted under ambient conditions for more than three decades. The hydrolyzed samples were characterized via multi-detection gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC), UV–vis spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. Hydrolysis of ester linkages in the soft-segments decreases both the molecular weight (Mw) and the melting point (Tm) of Estane (from ∼55 °C to 39 °C). Aging above this Tm, increased mobility of polymer chains and water diffusivity in the PEU matrix alter the PEU degradation pathway from those expected at aging temperatures below this Tm and have significant bearing on the critical molecular weight (MC) at which the physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of Estane change abruptly. While a MC value of 20 kDa is found for PEU hydrolysis at mild temperatures (e.g., as low as 39 °C), the value of MC increases with increasing aging temperatures. To complement the existing structure/property relationships reported in the literature, more correlations are obtained, which include the effect of Mw on polydispersity, intrinsic viscosity (Mark-Houwink equation), UV extinction coefficient, and dn/dc (GPC analysis) values. Furthermore, we seek to bolster previously reported aging models for PEU by developing a practical model with which the extent of degradation and material performance can be predicted based on aging under different temperature ranges both above and below the melting point of Estane.

Analysis and experimental evaluation framework for buckling and post-buckling of composite stiffened panels

The composite thin-walled stiffened panel exhibits considerable potential for post-buckling bearing capacity. However, due to the limitations in post-buckling analysis and experimental evaluation capabilities, local buckling under limited loads is not permissible for current aircraft composite panels, significantly diminishing the weight reduction effect of composite panels. In this paper, experimental research on composite fuselage curved panels under combined compression and shear loads was conducted with an experimental system. The buckling analysis and failure prediction of composite fuselage curved panels were performed by the finite element method, using the interlaminar failure criterion and an improved Tsai-Wu failure criterion. Meanwhile, interaction formulaes were utilized to predict buckling correlation curves and failure envelopes. The results show that the finite element model with improved criteria and the rapid analysis method based on interaction formulaes exhibit high accuracy, which are available for properties analysis of composite panels. The experimental techniques and analytical methods proposed in this paper can provide a way to evaluate the buckling and post-buckling performance of composite stiffened panels.

Body mass index and sarcopenia and mortality risk among older hypertensive outpatients; the Nambu Cohort Study.

Maintaining ideal body weight and muscle strength through lifestyle modification is essential for improving activities of daily living (ADL) and life expectancy in hypertensive patients. The effect of weight reduction in older patients with hypertension, however, is controversial. We evaluated the prognostic significance of body mass index (BMI) and handgrip strength (HG) in older patients with hypertension. Patients were stratified by the combination of BMI and HG. COX regression analysis was used to assess the mortality risk. A total of 563 patients (age 77 [71-84] years, 50% male, 40% frailty) were followed for a median duration of 41 (34-43) months. In total, 59 deaths occurred during the follow-up period. Validation of mortality by BMI level revealed that patients with BMI < 22 kg/m2 were likely to have higher mortality risk. Low HG, however, was associated with a 3.7-fold increased mortality risk. The risk of all-cause mortality using BMI combined with HG (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]) was as follows: (1) Normal HG + 22 kg/m2 ≤ BMI, reference; (2) Normal HG + BMI < 22 kg/m2, 2.39 (0.12-16.46); (3) Low HG + 22 kg/m2 ≤ BMI, 4.01 (1.42-14.38); and (4) Low HG + BMI < 22 kg/m2, 4.55 (1.33-18.13). These findings demonstrate that weight reduction may deteriorate the mortality risk in older patients with hypertension, and new lifestyle modification strategies for improving ADL, quality of life, and prognosis are warranted for older patients with hypertension. We assessed the association between BMI, handgrip strength, and risk of all-cause mortality to evaluate the validity of weight reduction in older patients with hypertension.

GLP-1 and GIP analogues in the treatment of obesity

Obesity is a chronic disease and a significant public health problem. It is estimated that more than 650 million adults, 340 million adolescents, and 39 million children are obese. Obesity leads to organ complications including type 2 diabetes, hypertension and heart diseases. The management of obesity is based on nutritional therapy combined with lifestyle changes and increased physical activity. Pharmacotherapy is also crucial, and incretin analogues are a relatively new group of drugs. Glucose-independent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 are natural incretins. These short half-life hormones are degraded by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Glucose-independent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists increase blood glucose-dependent insulin secretion while inhibiting glucagon secretion and delaying gastric emptying, thus enabling the treatment of both type 2 diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 also exhibits cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to review the literature on the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues and verify reports on the use of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide for weight reduction. An analysis of the available literature on the efficacy and safety of liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide was conducted. The potential role of these drugs in weight reduction and possible adverse effects are discussed. Attention was also paid to the pharmacokinetics of the drugs and the mechanism of incretin action in the body.

Disproportionality Analysis From World Health Organization Data on Semaglutide, Liraglutide, and Suicidality

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have gained use primarily due to their weight-reduction effects, although a regulatory review was undertaken for potential suicidality concern. To evaluate potential signals for suicidal and self-injurious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with the GLP-1 RAs semaglutide and liraglutide. Disproportionality analysis through the case-control design using the World Health Organization (WHO) global database of suspected ADRs. Participants were clinical patients worldwide experiencing an ADR suspectedly attributable to semaglutide or liraglutide in the database from inception to August 30, 2023. Data were analyzed from September to December 2023. Treatment with semaglutide or liraglutide regardless of indication or treatment duration. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the bayesian information component (IC) with 95% CIs were calculated as measures of disproportionate reporting of suicidal and self-injurious ADRs associated with semaglutide and liraglutide compared with all other medications. Sensitivity analyses were conducted including patients with coreported use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines and using dapagliflozin, metformin, and orlistat as comparators. A disproportionality signal was considered when the lower limits of the ROR and IC were above 1 and 0, respectively. A total of 107 (median [IQR] age 48 [40-56] years; 59 female patients [55%]) and 162 (median [IQR] age 47 [38-60] years; 100 female patients [61%]) cases of suicidal and/or self-injurious ADRs were reported between November 2000 and August 2023 with semaglutide and liraglutide, respectively. Significant disproportionality was detected only for semaglutide-associated suicidal ideation (ROR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.18-1.77; IC, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.19-0.78), which remained significant in patients with coreported use of antidepressants (ROR, 4.45; 95% CI, 2.52-7.86; IC, 1.96; 95% CI, 0.98-2.63) and benzodiazepines (ROR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.69-9.82; IC, 1.67; 95% CI, 0.11-2.65), when compared with dapagliflozin (ROR, 5.56; 95% CI, 3.23-9.60; IC, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.36-0.95), metformin (ROR, 3.86; 95% CI, 2.91-5.12; IC, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.94-1.53) and orlistat (ROR, 4.24; 95% CI, 2.69-6.69; IC, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.36-0.95). This study using the WHO database found a signal of semaglutide-associated suicidal ideation, which warrants urgent clarification.

Does Body Mass Index Impact the Clinical Response to Dupilumab Therapy in Atopic Dermatitis? A Monocentric Study of 170 Patients.

Background: Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of moderate/severe atopic dermatitis (AD). In recent years, several studies have confirmed the positive association between AD and overweight/obesity, and a report demonstrated the effect of weight reduction on the improvement of AD symptoms. Methods: The weight of 170 patients under treatment with dupilumab was recorded at baseline and after 48 weeks (T48). Clinical monitoring was mainly conducted using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). The study aimed to assess a possible correlation between the clinical outcome of dupilumab therapy and BMI. Results: Although not statistically significant, patients with a BMI < 25 have a higher EASI percentage improvement than patients with a BMI ≥ 25 at any time point, and the percentage of overweight and obese patients that does not reach EASI-75 at T48 is higher compared to normal-weight patients (13.5% vs. 5.9%). Despite this, in the multivariate regression analysis, no baseline characteristic, including BMI, appears to increase the risk of not reaching EASI-75. In addition, the results show no differences in BMI between baseline and T48 in any age/sex group. Conclusions: The results suggest that overweight and obese patients have a lower response to dupilumab when considering the EASI score, but this difference does not appear to be clinically significant. Furthermore, dupilumab treatment does not seem to impact weight.

Linggui Zhugan Decoction: A Potential Weight Reduction Solution via Gut Microbiota and Cinnamic Acid Metabolites

Linggui Zhugan Decoction (LGZGD) has demonstrated promising potential in the treatment of obesity, prompting further investigation. In a study involving sixty-nine obese patients who received LGZGD for two months, changes in body composition, gut microbiota, and plasma metabolomics were assessed. An animal experiment with ob/ob mice assessed LGZGD and antibiotics’ effects on body weight, fat mass, gut microbiota, and metabolomics. Clinical results showed LGZGD reduced body weight, fat, and waist-to-hip ratio, improved gut microbiota diversity favoring beneficial strains, and revealed Cinnamic acid presence in non-targeted plasma metabolomics. In obese mice, LGZGD effectively reduced body weight and fat mass, with this effect attenuated in microbiota-depletedmice. The treatment also influenced gut microbiome composition, aligning it more closely with that of normal mice. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis identified various metabolites in stool and plasma, including Cinnamic acid. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Cinnamic acid, devoid of toxicity, inhibited lipid synthesis and improved lipid metabolism in adipocytes. The immunofluorescence demonstrated Cinnamic acid activated the expression of Uncoupling protein 1 in differentiated adipocytes in a dose-dependent way. This study suggests that LGZGD’s weight-reduction effects are mediated through interactions with gut microbiota and its metabolites. Activating the browning of white adipocytes maybe the underlying mechanism.

Effect of Short Term Weight Reduction by High Intensity of Endurance Training on Body Composition, Muscle Mass and Functions in Male College Wrestling Athletes

OBJECTIVES This study is aimed to investigate the effect of short term weight control by High Intensity Endurance Training(HIET) on body composition, muscle mass and functions male college in male wrestling athletes.METHODS Fifteen male college wrestlers with at least 5 years of career were participated and measured body composition, muscle mass and functions after weight reduction through 6 days of HIET intervention.RESULTS First, WRG (weight reduction group, n=7) showed significant changes after HIET -induced weight reduction in work fatigue at 60 degree/sec during flexion in elbow joints, it showed not significant changes after training-induced weight reduction in peak torque, avg. power, work fatigue at 60 degree/sec and 180 degree/sec during extension and flexion in elbow and knee joints. Second, CG (control group, n=8) showed no significant changes after training-induced weight reduction in peak torque, avg. power, work fatigue at 60 degree/sec and 180 degree/sec during extension and flexion in elbow and knee joints.CONCLUSIONS Taken together, relatively short-term, or 6 days weight loss with HIET may not negatively affect muscle mass and function and may be accompanied by fat loss. Additionally, compared to other short-term weight loss methods, this method would be better not only for wrestling athletes but also the weight division athletes. However, it is important to note that weight loss can partially induce muscle fatigue, and athletes should be prepared for a possible decrease in muscular endurance, depending on their individual characteristics.

One-year Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Study of Asian Patients

PurposeDulaglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that is not cleared by the kidneys and has proven efficacy and safety in patients with diabetic kidney disease. We aimed to evaluate the 1-year efficacy of dulaglutide in patients with diabetic kidney disease who have used the drug for more than 1 year. MethodsThis retrospective, observational study comprised 131 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 who had received dulaglutide for more than one year between June 2016 and May 2023. The primary outcome measures were changes in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and body weight from baseline to the 12-month follow-up, with assessments performed at six-month intervals. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, sex, baseline body mass index, FPG, and HbA1c, and insulin administration at baseline and last follow-up. FindingsThe mean age was 60.0 ± 10.2 years, and 61.1% of the participants were males. Baseline HbA1c, FPG, and body weight were 9.1% (76.0 mmol/mol), 186.8 mg/dL, and 79.3 kg, respectively. Dulaglutide significantly reduced HbA1c, FPG, and body weight from baseline to the 12-month follow-up (mean ± standard error: –1.2 ± 0.1%, –34.8 ± 6.9 mg/dL, and –2.3 ± 0.5 kg, respectively; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in HbA1c reduction based on baseline HbA1c. ImplicationsDulaglutide exhibited sustained glucose-lowering and weight-reduction effects during the initial 1 year of treatment in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Altogether, dulaglutide could serve as a favorable long-term therapeutic option for patients with diabetic kidney disease in real-world clinical settings.

Effects of rapid or slow body weight reduction on glucose tolerance during equivalent weight loss in rats fed high-fat diet

Effects of rapid or slow body weight reduction on glucose tolerance during equivalent weight loss in rats fed high-fat diet

The efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in solid organ transplant recipients: A scoping review.

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are used for the treatment of diabetes and for their cardiovascular and kidney benefits in patients with or without diabetes. Use in solid organ transplant recipients is controversial because transplant recipients were excluded from the major clinical trials assessing SGLT2 inhibitors. The goal of this review was to assess the available literature regarding the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in solid organ transplant recipients. A PubMed search was conducted for studies published in English through December 31, 2023. Studies were excluded if they were meta-analyses, review articles, commentaries, single case reports, or invitro studies, or did not involve the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in solid organ transplant recipients with a diabetic, cardiovascular, or kidney outcome being assessed. In the final review, 20 studies were included: kidney (n = 15), heart (n = 4), and liver/lung/kidney (n = 1) transplant recipients. SGLT2 inhibitors had similar A1c reduction efficacy and were found to be weight neutral with possible weight reduction effects. Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes were not adequately assessed in the available studies. Adverse effects were reported to occur at a similar rate in transplant recipients compared to the general population. SGLT2 inhibitors were initiated ≥1-year post-transplant in most transplant recipients included in these studies. The overall safety and antihyperglycemic efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in kidney and heart transplant recipients is similar to the general population. Data assessing SGLT2 inhibitors use in solid organ transplant recipients for longer durations are needed.

Appetite Suppressing Activity of Rumex Usambarensis Leaf and Stem Aqueous Extract in Wistar Albino Female Rats: an in vivo Experimental Study.

The burden of obesity and overweight associated morbidity and mortality is increasing in epidemic proportions worldwide. Suppression of appetite is one of the mechanisms that has been shown to reduce weight. Most of the drugs on the market currently for appetite suppression are not readily available or affordable in resource-limited settings. Additionally, previous studies have shown that most of these drugs are associated with significant adverse effects, which demonstrates a need for alternative or complementary options of drugs for appetite suppression. In Uganda, herdsmen commonly chew the raw stems and leaves of Rumex usambarensis, a wild shrub, and this is believed to reduce hunger. This study aimed at determining the effect of Rumex usambarensis aqueous extract on food intake as a measure of appetite in Wistar albino rats. This study was carried out in two phases: the fattening phase and the treatment phase. Female albino Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet for 49 days. The fattened animals were then randomly separated into 4 groups, which received 1 mL of distilled water (negative control), 500 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Rumex usambarensis, 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extract and 20 mg/kg body weight topiramate (positive control), respectively. Food intake was measured every day, and weights were taken every two days for every group. Rumex usambarensis extract significantly reduced body weight of fattened rats compared to the control group at both doses: for the 500mg/kg dose (Mean difference, MD = 17.2, p < 0.001) and for 1000mg/kg dose (MD = 25.9, p < 0.001). Additionally, both doses of the aqueous extract showed a significant reduction in food intake: for the 500mg/kg dose (MD = 16.1, p < 0.001) and for the 1000mg/kg dose (MD = 37.3, p < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between food intake and weight for both doses for the 500mg/kg dose (r = 0.744, p = 0.009), and the strongest association observed with 1000mg/kg dose (r = 0.906, p < 0.001). The aqueous extract of the leaves and stems of Rumex usambarensis has appetite suppressing and weight reduction effects in fattened female Wistar albino rats and could be an efficacious alternative medicine for management of overweight, obesity and other related disorders.

Prepubertal children with obesity have high free IGF-1 levels and accelerated growth despite reduced pappalysin levels.

Prepubertal children with obesity frequently have enhanced growth, accelerated skeletal maturation and changes in the GH-IGF axis. However, the involvement of pappalysins (PAPP-A, PAPP-A2) and stanniocalcins (STC1, STC2) as regulators of IGF bioavailability has not been studied in obesity. We aimed to determine the effects of childhood obesity and weight reduction on serum levels of PAPP-A, PAPP-A2, STC1 and STC2 and their relationship with IGF bioavailability, growth, and other components of the GH-IGF system. Prepubertal children with severe obesity (150, 50% males/females, age: 7.72 ± 2.05 years, BMI z-score: 4.95 ± 1.70, height z-score: 1.28 ± 1.04) were studied at diagnosis and after a minimum of 0.5 BMI z-score reduction. Two hundred and six healthy age- and sex-matched children were used as controls. Children with obesity had decreased serum concentrations of PAPP-A, PAPP-A2 and STC2, but increased total and free IGF-I (fIGF-I), intact IGFBP-3, ALS, IGF-II and insulin levels, with no difference in the free/total IGF-I ratio. Neither the standardized BMI nor height correlated with any biochemical parameter analyzed. A decrease in IGF-II, insulin, and ALS with an increase in IGFBP-2 and -5, STC2 and PAPP-A were observed after weight loss. Increased circulating total and free IGF-I, insulin and IGF-II may all contribute to the increased rate of prepubertal growth and bone maturation observed in children with obesity, with STC2 possibly being involved.

The effect of obesity and subsequent weight reduction on cardiac morphology and function in cats

BackgroundIn people, obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, associated with systemic hypertension, cardiac remodelling and systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Weight reduction can reverse myocardial remodelling and reduce risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease. In cats, far less is known regarding the effects of obesity and subsequent weight reduction on cardiovascular morphology and function. This prospective study aimed to assess cardiac morphology and function, heart rate variability, cardiac biomarkers and body composition before and after controlled weight reduction in cats with obesity. Body composition analysis (by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, DEXA) and cardiovascular assessment (echocardiography, systemic arterial systolic blood pressure, electrocardiography, plasma cardiac biomarkers) were performed prior to weight management in twenty cats with obesity. These investigations were repeated in eleven cats that reached target weight.ResultsAt baseline, systemic hypertension was not documented, but the majority of cats with obesity (15 out of 19) showed echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction. Eleven of 20 cats had increased maximal end-diastolic septal or left ventricular free wall thickness (≥ 6.0 mm) at baseline. Median (interquartile range) percentage of weight lost in the cats reaching target weight was 26% (17–29%), with a median reduction in body fat mass of 45% (26–64%). Both the end-diastolic left ventricular free wall (median magnitude of change -0.85 mm, IQR -0.05 mm to -1.55 mm, P = 0.019; median percentage reduction 14.0%) and end-diastolic interventricular septum (median magnitude of change -0.5 mm, IQR -0.2 mm to -1.225 mm, P = 0.047; median percentage reduction 7.9%) thickness decreased after weight reduction. Following weight reduction, pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging of the left ventricular free wall was consistent with improved diastolic function in 4 out of 8 cats, however there was no significant difference in overall diastolic function class. Further, there was no change in heart rate variability or cardiac biomarkers with weight reduction.ConclusionAn increase in left ventricular wall thickness and diastolic dysfunction were common echocardiographic features in cats with obesity within our study and may be reversible with successful weight and fat mass loss. Further studies are required to clarify the clinical consequences of these findings.

The efficacy of multi-disciplinary lifestyle modifications in Taiwanese nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients.

Lifestyle modification is the standard of care for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of a short-term lifestyle modification program in the disease course of Taiwanese nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients with paired biopsies. All patients received a 6-month, strict multidisciplinary program of lifestyle modifications led by physicians, dieticians, and nursing staff. The histopathological and clinical features were assessed. The endpoints were normalization of transaminase levels, metabolic parameters, a decrease in the NAFLD activity score (NAS) ≥1, and a decrease in the fibrosis stage ≥1. We also aimed to elucidate the predictors associated with disease progression. A total of 37 patients with biopsy-proven NASH were enrolled. The normalization of transaminase levels increased from 0% to 13.5%. There were also significantly increased proportions of patients with normal total cholesterol, triglyceride, and hemoglobin A1c levels. Fifteen (40.5%) patients had an increased NAS ≥1, whereas 10 (27.0%) patients had NAS regression. Twelve (32.4%) patients had increased fibrosis ≥1 stage. Only 2 (5.4%) patients experienced fibrosis regression. A high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level was associated with NAS progression. Older age and higher transaminase and FPG levels were factors associated with fibrosis progression. Seven (18.9%) patients achieved a body weight reduction >3%, and 4 (57.1%) of them experienced NAS regression. No significant effect of weight reduction on the progression of fibrosis was observed. The short-term lifestyle modification program significantly decreased liver enzymes and metabolic parameters in NASH patients. A more precise or intensive program may be needed for fibrosis improvement.

Mental Health and Body Image and the Reduction of Excess Body Weight in Woman (Polish Sample).

In recent years, excessive body weight has become one of the most serious psychological, biological and social problems. According to forecasts by the World Health Organization, obesity and overweight will continue to increase among both adults and children in the coming years. Poland ranks sixth in Europe in this respect. In 2021, almost 58% of Poles had above-average body weight (overweight or obesity). In Poland, 29% of women are overweight, and 21% of women are obese. Body dissatisfaction, depression, and anxiety disorder are indicated as consequences of high BMI in women. Reducing excess body weight improves psychosocial functioning and changes body assessment. The most lasting effects of weight reduction are achieved by a properly selected diet combined with increased physical activity. This results in a change in lifestyle, changes in the levels of metabolic indicators, and changes in one's body image and mental health. Objective: Our objective was to assess changes in body image and mental health among Polish women and their dependence on the weight reduction method used (type of diet and physical activity). Comparative studies involving 122 women were conducted. These women were selected from 1000 volunteers based on BMI criteria. The effects of diet therapy were compared with the effects of diet therapy combined with physical activity. Research tools: The GHQ-12 scale was used to measure mental health, and the Body Esteem Scale was used to measure body image. The study lasted four years. The results showed changes in body image, general mental health index, and BMI in women who dieted and in those who dieted and exercised. In women using a diet combined with physical activity, greater positive changes in mental condition and stronger positive changes in body image, namely in the assessment of satisfaction with sexual attractiveness, physical condition, and body weight control, were observed compared to women using diet therapy alone.

Large-volume lipolysis assisted by low-level multifrequency laser in obesity: Short-term weight trajectories and postoperative complications

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic and complex syndrome resulting from the interactions of genetic, environmental, metabolic, and psychological factors. Current pharmacologic treatments often yield limited, unsustainable weight loss; thus, bariatric surgery and large and giant-volume liposuction have emerged as viable options for its control. Objective: This study aimed to assess Laser-assisted with large-volume liposuction in weight reduction effectiveness in obese adults and to describe the early postoperative complications of this procedure.

Deformation characteristics and mechanism of Mala paleo-landslide during the Miaowei reservoir initial impoundment period

This study employs a multifaceted approach, encompassing field investigations, borehole surveys, surface deformation displacement monitoring, deep-seated deformation monitoring, and numerical simulation analysis, to conduct an exhaustive examination of the deformation processes and characteristics exhibited by the Mala Landslide. The findings elucidate a close correlation between the deformation of the Mala Landslide and the elevation of the reservoir water level. During the escalation of the reservoir water level, the landslide body progressively developed surface cracks, spanning from the frontal edge to the rear edge. The centre of the sliding body is situated in the central-lower downstream region, and presently, the landslide is undergoing a phase of comprehensive creep deformation. Due to the reservoir water level fluctuation rate being greater than the permeability coefficient, the deformation of the landslide displays a delayed response. As the reservoir water level reaches 1401 m during high-water operation, the two important ingredients, the buoyancy weight reduction effect and the influence of submerged reservoir water, significantly reduce the sliding resistance of the sliding mass, thereby exacerbating the deformation of the landslide. Following a comprehensive analysis of the findings, it can be firmly concluded that this landslide conforms to the characteristic traits of a typical buoyant force reduction type-retrogressive type landslide.

Impact of weight reduction on structural and functional parameters of the optic nerve in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

To evaluate the effect of weight reduction on the structural and functional parameters of the optic nerve in established cases of papilledema in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH). A prospective observational study in early and established cases of papilledema in IIH presenting from December 2019 to February 2021. Functional parameters (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, mean deviation, VER), structural parameters (RNFL, GCL-IPL, and optic disc height), and clinical grading of papilledema were measured at baseline and every 6 weeks for 6 months. All patients underwent medical (oral acetazolamide) and diet therapy. Mean body mass index (BMI) at presentation was 26.32 ± 3.52 kg/m² and the mean change in BMI over 6 months was 1.27 ± 0.50 kg/m². 67% of eyes had papilledema of grades 2-3 at the presentation. At the end of 6 months, 75% of eyes had grade 1 papilledema while 13% showed complete resolution. A reduction of 5.32 ± 3.58 in mean deviation (r = 0.316; p-value 0.01) and gain in VER P100 amplitude of 4.2 ± 2.7 µV (r = 0.40; p-value 0.003) were noted over 6 months with reduction in BMI over 6 months. A statistically significant reduction in optic disc height (ODH) was noticed with BMI reduction over 6 months (p = 0.0007; r = 0.45).A reduction of 1.72 ± 0.90 kg/m² (equivalent to 6.53% weight loss) in BMI was associated with a four-grade change in clinical grading of papilledema. Reduction in BMI had a significant impact on both structural and functional parameters of the optic nerve in IIH. The involvement of a well-certified dietician should be an integral part of treatment in IIH.