The enhancement of electrochemical performance in lithium‐ion batteries can be achieved through the incorporation of MoS2 with carbon materials and various metal sulfides. In this investigation, a MoS2/ZnS heterostructure was devised incorporating a two‐dimensional nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheet (NC) backbone. The synthesis of ZnMo‐ZIF‐L precursors was achieved by introducing a Mo source in a 1:1 molar ratio during ZIF‐L synthesis. Subsequent to high‐temperature carbonization and vulcanization treatment, ZnS/MoS2@NC composite materials were successfully synthesized. Compared to the unvulcanized ZnO/MoO3@NC and MoS2 samples, the ZnS/MoS2@NC composite exhibits remarkable lithium storage performance. At a current density of 500 mA g‐1, the initial discharge specific capacity is 2547 mAh g‐1, with an initial charge specific capacity of 1674 mAh g‐1, resulting in a first Coulombic efficiency of 65.76%. Furthermore, this composite material demonstrates optimal rate capabilities and a significant pseudocapacitance contribution. The nitrogen‐doped carbon framework effectively mitigates volume effects, while the heterostructural design provides more active sites for lithium ions, thereby enhancing lithium storage performance.