Effects Of Vigorous Exercise Research Articles

What is the effect of vigorous exercise on the brain?

Aims: This study aimed to verify whether vigorous exercise is capable of generating mental fatigue. Methods: To do so, 16 young adult male (29.4 ± 5.2 years old) cyclists (5.4 ± 4.6 years of training) underwent three visits: 1) control session (rest); 2) session with cognitive demand (20 minutes of AX-CPT); 3) session with vigorous exercise (10km time trial). Mental fatigue was assessed using the visual analog scale of fatigue in the pre-and post-session moments. A two-way ANOVA of repeated measures followed by the Bonferroni posthoc was used to verify the effect of the condition (control, cognitive demand, and exercise) and time (pre and post) interaction. The paired “t” test was used to compare the delta of mental fatigue (post - pre) of the sessions. The partial eta squared was used to determine the effect size of the variance. The significance adopted was p < 0.05. Results: A condition x time interaction was observed (F (2.30) = 5.349, p = 0.010, partial η2 = 0.263). When comparing the deltas, a mean difference was found between the control and vigorous exercise (p = 0.033) conditions and cognitive demand and vigorous exercise (p = 0.017) conditions. Control and cognitive demand sessions showed no difference (p = 0.801). Conclusion: The findings suggest that intense physical exercise seems to cause mental fatigue after practice.

P0208DIFFERENTIAL ADAPTATION OF RENAL FUNCTION IN TWO TYPES OF INTENSE PHYSICAL EXERCISE

Abstract Background and Aims Marathon running induces AKI even in adequately prepared and healthy athletes. Heat stress, maintained during more than 2h, has been proposed as one of the leading causes of AKI in marathons runners. Other possible explanations of AKI in this setting could be associated with a reduction of blood supply to the kidneys during the exercise, inadequate hydration or actual structural damage due to microtraumatisms. However, the effect of vigorous exercise of shorter duration on renal function has not been previously described although most risk factors described could also affect kidney function in this type of physical activity. Method 40 volunteer healthy athletes were enrolled in this study. Subjects participated in two physical tests (10km running, 1.5km swimming) which were separated by at least two weeks from each other. These tests were chosen because of their similar oxygen consumption rate and metabolic load. Vitals, blood and urine samples were collected immediately before and after each test. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The project was funded by Consejería de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y León (GRS1732/A/18). Results Athletes ranged from 23 to 53 years old. 35% were female. A comparison of hemodynamic and analytical parameters is summarized in Table 1. Running induced a significantly higher rise of serum creatinine and inflammatory markers compared to swimming. Additionally, running caused an increment of serum phosphorus and uric acid levels. Both types of exercise caused a mild increase of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Conclusion Compared to swimming, running was associated with a greater rise of serum creatinine, possibly linked to a higher degree of acute inflammation and blood flow redistribution to the muscles. The rise of serum uric acid levels may be associated with increased metabolism and reduced elimination of this molecule while running.

Changes in the concentration of breath ammonia in response to exercise: a preliminary investigation

Breath ammonia has proven to be a difficult compound to measure accurately. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects that the physiological intervention, exercise, had on the levels of breath ammonia. The effects of vigorous exercise (4000 m indoor row) in 13 participants were studied and increases in breath ammonia were observed in all participants. Mean pre-exercise concentrations of ammonia were 670 pmol ml−1 CO2 (SD, 446) and these concentrations increased to post-exercise maxima of 1499 pmol ml−1 CO2 (SD, 730), p < 0.0001. The mean increase in ammonia concentrations from pre-exercise to maximum achieved in conditioned (1362 pmol ml−1 CO2) versus non-conditioned rowers (591 pmol ml−1 CO2) were found to be statistically different, p = 0.029. Taken together, these results demonstrate our ability to repeatedly measure the influence of exercise on the concentration of breath ammonia.

Benefits of manual vacuum aspiration for abortion

[1] Committee on Obstetric Practice. ACOG committee opinion. Exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Number 267, January 2002. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002;77(1):79–81. [2] Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Exercise in Pregnancy (RCOG Statement 4). www.rcog.org.uk. http://www.rcog.org.uk/womens-health/clinicalguidance/exercise-pregnancy. Published 2006. [3] Macera CA, Ham SA, Yore MM, Jones DA, Ainsworth BE, Kimsey CD, et al. Prevalence of physical activity in the United States: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2001. Prev Chronic Dis 2005;2(2):A17. [4] WardM,McGee H, Morgan K, Van Lente E, Layte R, BarryM, et al. SLAN 2007. Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition in Ireland. ‘One Island—One Lifestyle?’ Health and lifestyles in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland: Comparing the population surveys SLAN 2007 and NIHSWS 2005. www.drugsandalcohol.ie. http:// www.drugsandalcohol.ie/12449/1/slan_oneisland.pdf. Published 2009. [5] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. Technical Bulletin #8. Washington, DC, USA: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 1985. [6] Bell RJ, Palma SM, Lumley JM. The effect of vigorous exercise during pregnancy on birth-weight. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol 1995;35(1):46–51. [7] Goodwin A, Astbury J, McMeeken J. Body image and psychological well-being in pregnancy. A comparison of exercisers and non-exercisers. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol 2000;40(4):442–7. [8] Cali AM, Caprio S. Obesity in children and adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93(11 Suppl 1):S31–6.

The Effect of Vigorous Exercise on Antimicrobial Effector Molecule Content in Upper Respiratory Tract Secretions

The Effect of Vigorous Exercise on Antimicrobial Effector Molecule Content in Upper Respiratory Tract Secretions

The Effect of Vigorous Exercise During Pregnancy

Pregnant women without medical or obstetric problems should be encouraged to exercise. The paucity of experimental data on exercise in pregnancy forces recommendations to be drawn from a synthesis of available information. Vigorous exercise during pregnancy seems to pose no adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes. Nonetheless, the safety of vigorous exercise necessitates surveillance of fetal growth, the woman's weight, nutritional intake, and exercise duration and intensity.

The effects of vigorous exercise during pregnancy on birth weight

Whether or not vigorous exercise during pregnancy affects birth weight is an important issue because birth weight is the single most important determinant of neonatal mortality. A current meta-analysis of randomised trials of exercise during pregnancy did not find, although also did not exclude, a clinically important effect of exercise on birth weight. Randomised trials may miss the women exercising at the most elite levels during pregnancy. We should remain open-minded on this issue until sufficient evidence is available on which to base recommendations.

The Effect of Vigorous Exercise During Pregnancy on Birth‐Weight

The aim of this study was to assess the effect on birth-weight of continuing a programme of vigorous exercise into late pregnancy. 'Potential exercisers' were women who had been doing vigorous exercise prior to pregnancy and intended to continue exercising during pregnancy. Controls were healthy pregnant women who did not do regular vigorous exercise. Both groups kept 2, 7-day food +/- exercise diaries at 25 and 35 weeks. The primary outcome variable was birth-weight. Women who continued doing at least 30 minutes of vigorous exercise at least 3 times weekly at 25 weeks and either maintained this minimum level or had delivered by 35 weeks were classified as 'exercisers'. Women doing more than 4 sessions of vigorous exercise weekly at 25 weeks had babies whose mean birth-weight was 315 g lower than the mean birth-weight of babies born to controls.

The combined effects of aerobic exercise and alcohol restriction on blood pressure and serum lipids: a two-way factorial study in sedentary men

To determine whether vigorous exercise and alcohol restriction have additive and independent effects in reducing blood pressure in sedentary male alcohol drinkers. Also to assess whether 4 weeks of vigorous exercise could offset the fall in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) usually observed after alcohol restriction. Seventy-five sedentary men were randomly assigned to drink low-alcohol beer or continue their normal drinking habits. Within these two groups subjects were further assigned either to a vigorous exercise programme of three 30-min sessions a week of cycling at 60-70% of maximum workload or to a control light-exercise programme. Seventy-two subjects completed the trial. Alcohol consumption fell by 85% in the low-alcohol group. Fitness increased by 10% following vigorous exercise, with a significant improvement in maximum oxygen uptake. After adjustment for weight loss, a significant effect of alcohol restriction in reducing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was demonstrated. There was no effect of vigorous exercise on blood pressure. Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were not influenced by alcohol restriction or vigorous exercise. However, alcohol restriction significantly reduced triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, its subfractions HDL2-cholesterol and HDL3-cholesterol, and its major apolipoproteins apo A-I and apo A-II. These reductions were unaffected by moderate exercise. This study provides further evidence that alcohol restriction results in reductions in blood pressure in men who are regular alcohol drinkers. However, a simultaneous increase in fitness did not lead to lower blood pressures than those achieved with alcohol restriction alone, and was unable to offset alcohol-related falls in HDL-cholesterol, its subfractions and its major apolipoproteins.

The Effect of Exercise on the Atrial Electrogram Voltage in Young Patients

Atrial electrogram sensing is an important function in active individuals with permanently implanted bipolar dual chamber pacing systems. We undertook to determine the effect of vigorous exercise on the atrial electrogram size in 11 children and young adults (average age 12 years). Using a telemetry signal through a handheld programming wand, nine tracings were completely and clearly recorded for analysis. Six patients had tined/passive fixation atrial leads and three patients had screw-in/active fixation lead systems. All leads were bipolar. The atrial electrogram size for each patient was measured at rest and at each minute of exercise. The atrial electrogram size decreased with exercise from a mean of 5.08 mV to 3.44 mV (range 0.9-4.25 mV) (P = 0.002). The 1.64 mV mean decrease represented a 33.8% reduction (range 19%-56%) (P less than 0.001). There was no difference in the change in atrial electrogram size between the two lead types. Treadmill exercise testing with telemetric data of atrial electrograms showed a decrease in atrial electrogram size produced by exercise and may be helpful in determining appropriate atrial sensitivity settings in selected individuals. Because of the documented decrease in atrial electrogram size produced by exercise, we recommend obtaining maximal atrial electrograms at the time of implant and use of pacing systems that allow maximal flexibility in atrial sensing especially in athletically active individuals.

The effects of vigorous exercise on anxiety, heart rate, and alpha activity of runners and nonrunners.

ABSTRACTState anxiety, heart rate, and alpha activity of male nonrunners and runners (N=30) during a vigorous run and a quiet reading session were examined. Physical activity was performed at 80–85% age‐related maximal exercise heart rate for 20 min; the same subjects participated in a reading condition. Analysis revealed a significant decrease in post‐run state anxiety for the runners compared to the nonrunners. No reduction in state anxiety for either group was found after the reading condition. Runners also significantly reduced their heart rate after the run compared to nonrunners. A significant increase in alpha activity for both runners and nonrunners was found after the run compared to the reading condition. These results suggest that post‐exercise anxiety and heart rate responses were influenced by level of aerobic conditioning. Furthermore, dissimilar anxiety, heart rate, and alpha responses were found after the reading and exercise conditions.

Running inhibits the reversal of atrophic changes in canine knee cartilage after removal of a leg cast.

The effect of vigorous exercise on the reversibility of canine knee cartilage atrophy produced by immobilization of the leg was studied. In comparison to cartilage from the contralateral control knees, cartilage from knees which had been immobilized in a cast for 6 weeks showed an increase in water content and decreases in thickness, Safranin O staining of the matrix, uronic acid content, and net proteoglycan synthesis. In addition, the ability of both newly synthesized (35S) and total tissue proteoglycans to interact with hyaluronic acid to form aggregates was diminished; this was apparently due to an abnormality in the hyaluronate-binding region of the core proteins. If the casts were removed and the animals were then allowed to ambulate ad libitum for 3 weeks, all of these changes were reversed. However, knee cartilage from 3 dogs which had been run daily on a treadmill (6 miles/day) for 3 weeks after removal of the casts exhibited continuing decreases in thickness, Safranin O staining, and uronic acid content (mean 31%), even though net proteoglycan synthesis was increased (mean 16%) in comparison to that in control cartilage from the contralateral (nonimmobilized) knee. Furthermore, the abnormality in both 35S- and total tissue proteoglycans which precluded their interaction with high molecular weight hyaluronic acid persisted. In this respect, the proteoglycans were indistinguishable from those obtained from knee cartilage immediately following 6 weeks in a cast.

Effect of acceleration on blood creatine, creatinine and inorganic phosphorus in man.

Ten healthy male subjects were centrifuged front to back at 6 g for 3 min., with head and trunk inclined 25 degrees forward in the direction of acceleration. Average control values of blood creatine, creatinine and inorganic phosphorus were almost identical to those found immediately after exposure to the acceleration. Relatively large differences (test minus control) in some individuals were not significant. Acceleration of the magnitude and/or duration used in this study does not appear to be comparable to the effects of vigorous exercise on the phosphocreatine system of man. Submitted on July 23, 1959