Effects Of Veterinary Antibiotics Research Articles

Effects of veterinary antibiotics on the fate and persistence of 17β-estradiol in swine manure.

The fate and persistence of natural estrogens from livestock manure and the interactions of these compounds with veterinary antibiotics (VAs) have not been well studied. We therefore employed 14C-labeling to explore the mineralization, degradation, and residual distribution of 17β-estradiol (E2) in swine manure in the absence and presence of six categories of VAs at concentrations of 10 and 100 mg/kg. After 16 days of incubation, 94% of the E2 dissipated, of which 28% was mineralized to 14CO2, 18% was transformed into organic-extractable E1 (9%) and other unknown metabolites (9%), and 48% into non-extractable residues (NER). VAs inhibited, enhanced or had no effect on E2 mineralization or its degradation to E1 and other metabolites. Principal component analysis showed that the overall effect of VAs was not necessarily related to their physicochemical properties or concentrations. However, high doses of macrolides inhibited E2 mineralization in manure and increased the retention of E2 and its metabolites in both free and NER forms. Our study demonstrates that considerable amounts of E2 and NER are retained in manure, despite nearly complete mineralization. Thus, VAs administered to livestock may increase the persistence of natural estrogens in manure and, accordingly, the environmental risks posed by these compounds.

Effect of veterinary antibiotics on the seed germination of indica rice varieties

The effect of three antibiotics with different action modes (namely, tetracycline, amoxicillin and trimethoprim) on three different rice ( Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Each antibiotic test had 6 treatments with tetracycline and amoxicillin concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 mg/L. The trimethoprim test also had 6 treatments with varying concentrations of 0,1,10, 50,100, 500 mg/L. The range of phytotoxicity of the antibiotics was on three types of indigenous rice species at the concentration of EC50 0.2 > 10,000 mg/L. None of the antibiotics caused a significant decrease in seed germination for three types of rice plant species. Compared with seedling vigor index, shoot and total length measurements, root elongation was consistently the most sensitive end point. The additional use of screening assays for evaluating environmental impacts of antibiotics can provide insight into relative species sensitivity and serve as a basis by which to screen the potential for toxic effects of novel compounds to plants.

Effect of Veterinary Antibiotics on the Growth of Lettuce

Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) has been used to treat animal disease and to increase body weight. However, released VAs in the soil via spreading of compost can transport to plant and affect its growth. Main purpose of this research was i) to monitor VAs concentration in plant and ii) to evaluate inhibition effect of VAs residuals on the plant growth. Red lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was cultivated for 35 days in the pot soil spiked with 3 different concertation (0.05, 0.5, 5.0 mg kg-1) of chlortetracycline (CTC) and sulfamethazine (SMZ). After 35 days of cultivation, concentration of CTC and SMZ in the plant was measured. Residual of CTC and SMZ was only quantified at the range of 0.007-0.008 mg kg-1 and 0.006-0.017 mg kg-1 in the leaf and root respectively when high concentration (5.0 mg kg-1) of antibiotic was spiked in the soil. Leaf length and root mass was statistically reduced when 0.05 mg kg-1 of CTC was spiked in the soil while no statistical difference was observed for SMZ treatment. This result might indicated that high Kow and Kd value are the main parameters for inhibiting plant growth. Antibiotics that has a high Kow causing hydrophobicity and easy to bioaccumulate in the lipid cell membrane. Also, antibiotics that has a high Kd properties can be sorbed in the root causing growth inhibition of the plant. Overall, management of VAs should be conducted to minimize adverse effect of VAs in the ecosystem. Uptake of veterinary antibiotics in crops and adverse effect on crop growth.

Degradation of oxytetracycline and its impacts on biogas-producing microbial community structure.

The effect of veterinary antibiotics in anaerobic digesters is a concern where methane production efficiency is highly dependent on microbial community structure. In this study, both anaerobic degradation of a common veterinary antibiotic, oxytetracycline (OTC), and its effects on an anaerobic digester microbial community were investigated. Qualitative and quantitative molecular tools were used to monitor changes in microbial community structure during a 60-day batch incubation period of cow manure with the addition of different concentrations of the antibiotic. Molecular data were interpreted by a further redundancy analysis as a multivariate statistics approach. At the end of the experiment, approximately 48, 33, and 17% of the initially added 50, 100, and 200mgl(-1) of OTC was still present in the serum bottles which reduced the biogas production via accumulation of some of the volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Biogas production was highly correlated with Methanobacteriales and Methanosarcinales gene copy numbers, and those parameters were negatively affected with oxytetracycline and VFA concentrations.

Effect of veterinary antibiotics on biogas and bio-methane production

This work studied the effect of three classes of veterinary antibiotics (Ceftiofur, Danofloxacin and Micospectone: a combination of Spectinomycin and Lincomycin) that are used to treat the respiratory diseases of cows and pigs on anaerobic digestion. Three different doses of antibiotics were added to a pig slurry and tested in combination with two patterns of thermal treatment performed over various times.During the anaerobic tests, such parameters as total biogas production and methane concentration in biogas were monitored. At the end of the anaerobic tests, antibiotic concentrations left in the slurries were detected. The results showed that Ceftiofur was the most degradable drug (approximately 70% of the initial content was degraded), while Danofloxacin and Lincomycin were less degradable (30–34% of the total initial content). The greatest inhibition of anaerobic digestion was observed with the drug association of Lincomycin and Spectinomycin (Micospectone), which presented the least physical degradability (heat treatment) and biological degradability.

The veterinary antibiotic oxytetracycline and Cu influence functional diversity of the soil microbial community

There are increasing concerns over the effects of veterinary antibiotics and heavy metals in agricultural soils. The widely used veterinary antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC), Cu and their combination on soil microbial community function were assessed with the Biolog method. The microbial community was extracted from the soil and exposed to a 0.85% sodium chloride solution containing OTC (0, 1, 5, 11, 43, 109 and 217 μM), or Cu (0, 10, 20, 100 and 300 μM), or combination of the two pollutants (OTC 0, 5, 11 μM and Cu 0, 20 μM). Functional diversity, evenness, average well color development (AWCD) and substrate utilization decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of OTC or Cu ( p < 0.005). The critical concentrations were 11 μM for OTC and 20 μM for Cu. The combination of OTC and Cu significantly decreased Shannon's diversity, evenness and utilization of carbohydrates and carboxylic acids compared to individual one of the contaminants. The antibiotic OTC and Cu had significant negative effects on soil microbial community function, particularly when both pollutants were present.

Livestock Legacy

Research ArticleOpen AccessLivestock legacy. R Meadows R Meadows Search for more papers by this author Published:1 December 1995https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.951031096Cited by:6AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited by Johnbosco Emeka U, Braide S and Chindah A (2009) Impact of abattoir wastes based on some physicochemical parameters on Woji Creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 10.1108/14777830910981249, 20:5, (581-591), Online publication date: 7-Aug-2009. Tajik M, Muhammad N, Lowman A, Thu K, Wing S and Grant G (2008) Impact of Odor from Industrial Hog Operations on Daily Living Activities, NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, 10.2190/NS.18.2.i, 18:2, (193-205), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2008. Tajik M and Minkler M (2016) Environmental Justice Research and Action: A Case Study in Political Economy and Community-Academic Collaboration, International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 10.2190/IQ.26.3.b, 26:3, (213-231), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2006. Sarmah A, Meyer M and Boxall A (2006) A global perspective on the use, sales, exposure pathways, occurrence, fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in the environment, Chemosphere, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.026, 65:5, (725-759), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2006. Rosenkranz H and Cunningham A (2003) Environmental odors and health hazards, Science of The Total Environment, 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00330-9, 313:1-3, (15-24), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2003. Cole D, Todd L and Wing S (2018) Concentrated swine feeding operations and public health: a review of occupational and community health effects., Environmental Health Perspectives, 108:8, (685-699), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2000. Vol. 103, No. 12 December 1995Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 December 1995Published in print1 December 1995 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.