Effects Of Variations In Values Research Articles

On the Static Flexural Response of Shear Deformable Isotropic Rectangular Nanobeams under the Parabolic Loading

It is well known that size-dependent effects, which are insignificant for macroscopic structures, become significant for small-scale structures like nanobeams. In addition, effects of the beam transverse shear deformation, which are insignificant for slender beams, become significant for shear deformable beams. Hence the need arises for a beam theory which is simple-to-use as well as which accounts for just-mentioned features of shear deformable nanobeams. Recently, the authors have developed a single variable new first-order shear deformation nonlocal beam theory (NFSDNBT, doi: 10.1007/s40430-019-2128-6). The NFSDNBT is applicable for the flexure of linear isotropic nanobeams undergoing small deformations. Displacement functions of the NFSDNBT give rise to the constant transverse shear strain through the beam thickness. Hence similar to the nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory (NTBT), the NFSDNBT also requires a shear correction factor. In the NFSDNBT, nonlocal differential stress-strain constitutive relations of Eringen are utilized, through which size-dependent effects have been taken into account. These relations relate not only the beam axial stress with the beam axial strain but also the beam transverse shear stress with the beam transverse shear strain. The governing equation of the NFSDNBT is obtained by utilizing beam gross equilibrium equations and it has a strong resemblance with the governing equation of the nonlocal Bernoulli-Euler beam theory (NBEBT). In this paper, the NFSDNBT is utilized for finding the static flexural response of shear deformable isotropic rectangular nanobeams under the action of parabolically distributed transverse loading. For the simply-supported, clamped-clamped and cantilever nanobeams, effects of variations in values of the nonlocal parameter of Eringen and beam thickness-to-length ratio on the maximum non-dimensional beam transverse displacement are presented. Obtained results are compared with corresponding results obtained by utilizing the NTBT and NBEBT so as to demonstrate the efficacy of the NFSDNBT. Along-the-length profiles of the non-dimensional beam transverse displacement for the just-mentioned cases of nanobeams, for various values of the nonlocal parameter and beam thickness-to-length ratio are also presented.

Similarity solutions for magnetogasdynamic cylindrical shock wave in rotating ideal gas using Lie Group theoretic method: Isothermal flow

The propagation of cylindrical shock wave under the influence of axial magnetic field in rotating medium under isothermal flow condition is investigated. The density, magnetic field and azimuthal and axial components of fluid velocity are assumed to be varying in the undisturbed medium. The arbitrary constants appearing in the expressions for infinitesimals of the Local Lie group of transformations bring about three different cases of solutions, i.e. with power law shock path, exponential law shock path and a particular case of power law shock path. Numerical solutions are obtained in the cases of power law and exponential law shock paths. Distribution of gasdynamical quantities are discussed through figures. The effects of variation in values of Alfven-Mach number [Formula: see text], ambient azimuthal velocity index [Formula: see text] and ambient density index [Formula: see text] are studied on flow variables and on shock strength. The numerical integration is done using software Mathematica. It is obtained that magnetic field has a decaying effect on shock strength. Also, increase in value of ambient density or ambient azimuthal velocity variation index in the case of power law shock path and increase in value of ambient density variation index in case of exponential law shock path have the decaying effect on shock strength.

What Second Order Science Reveals About Scientific Claims: Incommensurability, Doubt, and a Lack of Explication

The traditional sciences often bracket away ambiguity through the imposition of “enabling constraints”—making a set of assumptions and then declaring ceteris paribus. These enabling constraints take the form of uncritically examined presuppositions or “uceps.” Second order science reveals hidden issues, problems and assumptions which all too often escape the attention of the practicing scientist. These hidden values—precisely because they are hidden and not made explicit—can get in the way of the public’s acceptance of a scientific claim. A conflict in understood meaning—between the scientist’s restricted claims and the public’s broader understanding of those same claims can result in cognitive dissonance or the equivalent of the Mori Uncanny Valley. Scientists often react to these differences by claiming “incommensurability” between their restricted claim and the public’s understanding. Second order science, by explicating the effects of variations in values assumed for these uceps and associated impacts on related scientific claims, can often moot these assertions of incommensurability and thereby promote greater scientific understanding. This article explores how second order science can address issues of public doubt regarding the scientific enterprise using examples from medicine, diet and climate science.

A Comparative Study of Machining Parameters on Die-Sinking Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) using Copper and Aluminium Electrodes on Hard Steels

This paper considers effect of variation in value of Discharge current on different process parameters of Die Sinking EDM. The parameters considered were Material removal rate (MRR), Tool removal rate (TRR), Surface roughness (Ra) and Time (for machining required depth of cut). A total of 32 experiments were conducted on four different hard steels i.e. Die steel D3, En-8, En-19 and Stainless steel (SS-AISI-440C). The Copper and Aluminium electrodes brazed with mild steel were used for machining. The four different values of current i.e. 6A, 9A, 12A and 15A were considered for the study. The experimental results shows the relationship between MRR, TRR, Ra and Time with variation in magnitude of discharge current. This study also illustrates the relationship among different process parameter considered in the study. The results are shown with the help of graphs and tables.

Scattering of electromagnetic plane wave by an impedance strip embedded in homogeneous isotropic chiral medium

In this article, Kobayashi potential method has been used to investigate scattering from an impedance strip embedded in a homogeneous isotropic chiral medium. The discontinuous properties of the Weber-Schafheitlin's integral have been applied to incorporate the edge conditions. A set of matrix equations are obtained, using the projection properties of Jacobi's polynomials, and solved for unknown expansion coefficients of the fields. Monostatic and bistatic scattering widths have been determined for left and right handed Beltrami field excitations. Effects of variation in values of chirality, incident angle, impedance and width of strip on scattered fields have been investigated. The numerical results of the scattered fields for various parameters have been produced for comparison.