Effects Of Urban Structure Research Articles

Effect of Urban Structure on PM 2.5 in China: A Multiscale Landscape Analysis of 362 Cities

Effect of Urban Structure on PM _2.5 in China: A Multiscale Landscape Analysis of 362 Cities

Identification of neighborhood typology for potential transit-oriented development

While a good number of studies have defined neighborhood typologies based on transit-oriented development (TOD) factors, the literature offers limited clues for the identification of neighborhood types that are likely to be designated as TODs. The present study fills this gap through the use of a cluster-multilevel modeling approach for examining the underlying effects of urban structure on travel behavior among different neighborhood types. A two-step cluster analysis on spatial data from 47 neighborhoods of the Delhi metropolitan region has resulted in six neighborhood types. The study verifies the developed typology through the analysis of significant differences in terms of socio-demographic, and travel behavior variables, and found that the typology is valid. Besides, individual multilevel regression (MLR) models were developed using 5553 individual responses from all neighborhoods of typology. The MLR models were evident that the urban structure has an apparent effect and explains about one-third of the total variation in the distance traveled, assuming that other factors such as residential self-selection, land values, and environment may explain the remaining effects. This study has identified that the ‘transit’ type has shown consistent relationships between urban structure and vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT), thereby replicate TOD as a concept. The findings from the study are useful as a prescription tool for planners, policymakers, and government authorities to compare the performance of TOD characteristics within existing and planned neighborhoods. The modeling results are easy to be interpreted and are transferable to other Indian cities.

On the Parametrization of Urban Land Use in Mesoscale Models

The effects of urban structures on the distribution of meteorological variables can be included in mesoscale models by an appropriate parametrization. The different approaches are conventionally tested against wind profiles in the centre of the urban area while flow distortions around are not considered. In this study, the quality of different parametrizations in capturing the main wind-field modifications in, as well as around, a complex obstacle is investigated. The method applied consists of a building resolved microscale model and a mesoscale model including a suitable parametrization. The results demonstrate that a drag or a porosity approach can reproduce very satisfactorily the main characteristics of the airflow completely, while a simpler roughness length concept in general approximates the mean flow unsatisfactorily.

THE ORIGINS AND DIRECTIONS OF LARGE SCALE POST-WAR RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS / MASINĖS STATYBOS GYVENAMŲJŲ RAJONŲ FENOMENO IŠTAKOS IR KRYPTYS

The present Lithuanian urban structures in particular have had a significant impact, and retains the phenomenon - the mass construction of large scale residential areas. Analyzed and summarized literature published in Lithuania and abroad in the mass construction of a large scale theoretical framework for the implementation process and effects of urban structures. Attention is drawn to the crucial social and political attitudes and economic factors which determined the identical theoretical level concepts become different urban forms.

Effect of urban Structure on Energy Consumption

Effect of urban Structure on Energy Consumption

Job search and the effect of urban structure on unemployment and married female participation rates

A model of urban job search is presented concentrating on the skill level of the seeker. The implications for the effect of urban structure on intra-urban unemployment and married female participation rate differentials are examined. It is found using census data for Greater London, that urban structure—represented by the intra-urban distribution of jobs per worker as derived from the job search model—has the predicted effects on unemployment and participation rates after allowing for other determinants of these rates. The paper concludes with some implications for urban manpower policy

The Effect of Urban Structure on the Concentration of Pollution

The Effect of Urban Structure on the Concentration of Pollution