Effects Of Triterpenoid Saponins Research Articles

Effect of Triterpenoid Saponins as Foaming Agent on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Foam Concrete.

Geopolymer foam concrete (GFC), an emerging thermal insulation material known for its environmentally friendly and low-carbon attributes, has gained prominence for its use in bolstering building energy efficiency. A critical challenge in GFC production is foam destabilization by the alkaline environment in which foam is supersaturated with salt. In this study, GFC was prepared by using triterpene saponin (TS), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as blowing agents, with fly ash as the precursor and calcium carbide slag (CA) combined with Glauber's salt (GS, Na2SO4 ≥ 99%) as the activator. The effect of GFC on mechanical properties was analyzed by examining its fluidity, pore structure, dry density, and compressive strength. The results show that TS has a stable liquid film capable of adapting to the adverse effects of salt supersaturation and alkaline environments. TS is highly stable in the GFC matrix, and so the corresponding pore size is small, and the connectivity is low in the hardened GFC. In addition, the hydration products of GFC exhibit different morphologies depending on the surfactant used. TS has better water retention due to hydrogen bonding, which facilitates the hydration process.

The Effects of Triterpenoid Saponins from the Seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis on Adipocyte Differentiation and Mature Adipocyte Inflammation.

Obesity is a medical condition in which abnormal or excessive fat accumulates to an extent that is associated with various diseases. In our ongoing research to figure out natural products with anti-obesity effects, a phytochemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis was carried out, which resulted in the isolation of two major triterpenoid saponins: gypsogenin 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (1) and quillaic acid 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (2). Then, the effects of the isolated triterpenoid saponins (1 and 2) on adipocyte differentiation were evaluated, and it was demonstrated that the isolated saponin (1) showed inhibitory effects on adipogenesis. In mature adipocytes, the isolated saponin (1) reversed tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression. Additionally, the isolated saponin (1) reduced lipolytic gene expression leading to decreased basal lipolysis activity. Collectively, these findings suggest that saponin (1) of M. cochinchinensis exerts beneficial effects in the regulation of adipogenesis and adipocyte inflammation and could be a potential therapeutic alternative in the treatment of obesity-induced metabolic diseases.

The effect of triterpenoid saponins on pancreatic lipase in vitro: Activity, conformation, kinetics, thermodynamics and morphology

The molecular interactions between pancreatic lipase (PL) and five triterpenoid saponins compounds, including tea saponin, oleanolic acid, betulin, ginsenoside Ro, and ginsenoside Rd, were investigated in vitro through comprehensive evaluation of PL activity, conformation, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, aggregation morphology and solubility. All tested saponins inhibited PL activity, and their inhibitory ratios showed structure- and concentration-dependence. Tea saponin possessed competitive inhibition against PL activity, and affected PL secondary structure, while other four saponins non-competitively inhibited PL activity and affected PL tertiary structure. However, all tested saponins could statically quench PL fluorescence. Soluble PL-saponins complexes were characterized by AMF, DLS and Bio-Rad method, and PL showed self-assembly phenomenon in the presence of saponins, which possessed a close contribution to the inhibitory ratios. DSC measurement revealed that five tested saponins compounds had variant influence on PL enzyme thermal stability parameters (Tm and ΔH).

The effect of triterpenoid saponins fromSaponaria officinalison some blood hormones, metabolic parameters and fatty acid composition in dairy cows

SUMMARYAn experiment was performed to determine the effect of triterpenoid saponins from powdered root ofSaponaria officinalisL. (SO) on some blood metabolic parameters and hormone concentrations in dairy cows. Three dairy Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were used in the experiment in a 3 × 3 Latin Square arrangement. Animals were fed twice a day with a control diet and two experimental diets – a diet supplemented with either 440 or 660 g/d of the powderedS. officinalisroot (SO1 and SO2, respectively). Each of the three experimental cycles lasted for 26 days, including a 23-day adaptation period and a 3-day sample collection period. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein from 24th to 26th day of the experiment. Total high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL), as well as triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose, were assayed in serum. Fatty acid composition in the blood was also analysed. Moreover, concentrations of insulin, glucagon, leptin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured. It was demonstrated that total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly elevated in the blood of cows treated with experimental diets; however, LDL-cholesterol remained unchanged. No concentrations of triglycerides, FFA or glucose were influenced by saponins. Two fatty acids (C16 : 0 and C16 : 1c9) were markedly reduced when SO was used, while C18 : 1t11decreased with increasing levels of SO. The significant increase of C20 : 4n-6in animals treated with SO was observed. Both saponin diets resulted in a slight increase in insulin concentration and the SO2 diet evoked an emphatic rise of glucagon concentration. The concentration of T3 also increased after consumption of the experimental diet. The current study shows for the first time that triterpenoid saponins fromS. officinaliscan alter blood parameters in ruminants. These effects seem to result from saponin-induced changes in the rumen.

Effect of triterpenoid saponins extracted from Hedera helix on the motoric activity of isolated stomach strips

Effect of triterpenoid saponins extracted from Hedera helix on the motoric activity of isolated stomach strips