Effects Of Triple Superphosphate Research Articles

Effects of Triple Super Phosphate and inoculant on yield of soybean seed in Northern Region of Ghana

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Effect of Triple Super Phosphate on the Growth and Yield of Boro Rice in Haor Areas of Sunamganj District in Bangladesh

A field experiment was conducted at Bilpar village of Sunamganj district in Bangladesh during November 2016 to May 2017 to find out the effects of Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) fertilizer on the growth and yield of boro rice in haor areas. Two factors viz. varieties (BRRI dhan29 and BRRI dhan58) and six TSP fertilizer levels [F1- 85 kg TSP ha-1 (Farmers’ practice), F2- 142 kg TSP ha-1, F3- 127 kg TSP ha-1, F4- 112 kg TSP ha-1 (BARC recommended dose), F5- 97 kg TSP ha-1, F6- 82 kg TSP ha-1] were included in the experiment. The experiment was conducted in the farmers’ field and laid out in a RCBD with three replications. Data were taken on plant height and tillers hill-1 at 15 days intervals. The yield and yield contributing parameters were also taken at harvest. Plant height, number of total tillers, effective tillers hill-1, panicle length, sterile spikelets, 1000 grain weight, grain and straw yield varied significantly due to variety. BRRI dhan58 produced higher number of effective tillers (10.60) and grains panicle-1 (136.9) over BRRI dhan29. BRRI dhan58 produced higher grain yield (8.92 t ha-1) compared to BRRI dhan29 (7.27 t ha-1). All the studied parameters differed significantly with the application of TSP fertilizer except non-effective tillers hill-1. Application of 112 kg TSP ha-1 produced the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (12.00) and the lowest in farmers practice (7.20). Fertilizer Recommendation Guide based TSP fertilizer (112 kg ha-1) produced the highest grain yield (8.80 t ha-1) of boro rice and the lowest grain yield (7.40 t ha-1) in farmers’ practice. Results of the study elucidated that TSP application at 112 kg ha-1 was effective to improve the rice productivity.

Effect of triple superphosphate and biowaste compost on mycorrhizal colonization and enzymatic P mobilization under maize in a long‐term field experiment

AbstractPhosphorus (P) fertilizers and mycorrhiza formation can both significantly improve the P supply of plants, but P fertilizers might inhibit mycorrhiza formation and change the microbial P cycling. To test the dimension and consequences of P fertilizer impacts under maize (Zea maysL.), three fertilizer treatments (1) triple superphosphate (TSP, 21–30 kg P ha−1annually), biowaste compost (ORG, 30 Mg ha−1wet weight every third year) and a combination of both (OMI) were compared to a non‐P‐fertilized control (C) in 2015 and 2016. The test site was a long‐term field experiment on a Stagnic Cambisol in Rostock (NE Germany). Soil microbial biomass P (Pmic) and soil enzyme activities involved in P mobilization (phosphatases and ß‐glucosidase), plant‐available P content (double lactate‐extract; PDL), mycorrhizal colonization, shoot biomass, and shoot P concentrations were determined. P deficiency led to decreased P immobilization in microbial biomass, but the maize growth was not affected. TSP application alone promoted the P uptake by the microbial biomass but reduced the mycorrhizal colonization of maize compared to the control by more than one third. Biowaste compost increased soil enzyme activities in the P cycling, increased Pmicand slightly decreased the mycorrhizal colonization of maize. Addition of TSP to biowaste compost increased the content of PDLin soil to the level of optimal plant supply. Single TSP supply decreased the ratio of PDL:Pmicto 1:1 from about 4:1 in the control. Decreased plant‐benefits from mycorrhizal symbiosis were assumed from decreased mycorrhizal colonization of maize with TSP supply. The undesirable side effects of TSP supply on the microbial P cycling can be alleviated by the use of compost. Thus, it can be concluded that the plant‐availability of P from soil amendments is controlled by the amendment‐specific microbial P cycling and, likely, P transfer to plants.

Effect of humic acid on the kinetics of phosphorus of triple super phosphate fertilizer and growth and yield of corn

Two experiments were conducted, the first laboratory experiment (incubation) was conducted to study the chemical Kinetics of phosphorous release, and the other was field experiment to study the effect of Triple super phosphate and different levels of humic acid in growth and yield of corn. Laboratory experiment was carried out to study the Kinetics of phosphorus release triple super phosphate with levels 0, 60, 80 and 100% P of recommended fertilizer dose and three levels of humic acids 0, 20, 40 Kg.h-1. After eight time of incubation, the available phosphorus was measured in the soil. The data were subjected to mathematical analysis using five kinetic equations. The field experiment was carried out in silty clay loam soil to study the available phosphorus added from triple super phosphate to soil with humic acids and their impact on growth of corn cultivar (fijer 1), using factorial experiment with design of randomized complete block, with three replicates, and two factors: four levels of triple super phosphate 40, 60, 80, and 100% P of recommended dose of fertilizer and three levels of humic acids 0, 20, 40 Kg h-1. Results of the laboratory experiment indicated that decreased concentration of available phosphorus release with the time for all levels of phosphate fertilizer. The addition of humic acids at the levels of 20 and 40 kg ha-1 increase available phosphorus for any time of incubation. Second order equation gave the highest determination coefficient and the lowest standard error, the half time of phosphorus disappearance increased with the increased level of humic acid, it increased from 35.71 days to 38.46 and 41.66 days for 20 and 40 kg h-1 levels respectively. Results of the field experiment showed a significant increase in plant height, dry weight, plant yield, weight of 300 grains and total grain yield with increased levels of phosphorus and humic acid added. A significant increase were obtained in plant height, dry weight, plant yield, weight of 300 grains, total grain yield with increasing levels of humic acids for about 4.9, 9.99, 10.6, 3.82 and 10.61% respectively by adding the level of 40 kg h-1 comparing with control treatment

Effect of Triple Superphosphate on Growth, Total Chlorophyll Content, Essential Oil and Fatty Acid Compositions in Shoots of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

The effect of different doses of triple superphosphate (TSP), 100, 200, and 400 kg P ha-1 on growth, chlorophyll content, and essential oil and fatty acid composition was evaluated in shoots of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) grown in a pot experiment under nursery conditions. The application of TSP to 6 weeks-old seedlings induced an increase in shoot height, shoot dry weight, the chlorophyll and total fatty acid contents. However, phosphate fertilizer did not affect the total essential oil content, expressed as % of dry weight. The major constituents of the essential oils are decanal, aromadendrene and a-cadinol. The total content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons was strongly increased under 200 kg P ha-1 (1.9-fold). The essential oil components aromadendrene, cadalene, a-copaene, a-octan-2-ol and n-decanol, (E)-nerolidol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, and myrtenyl acetate, were also increased under phosphate fertilization. Threfore, triple superphosphate application induced changes in the composition of essential oils and fatty acids in coriander shoots, and significantly increased the terpenes and total lipid contents.

The Effect of Minjingu Phosphate Rock and Triple Superphosphate on Soil Phosphorus Fractions and Maize Yield in Western Kenya

We tested the effects of triple superphosphate (TSP) and Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR), when applied at phosphorus (P) rates of 50 or 250 kg P ha−1 in a factorial combination with urea or Tithonia diversifolia green manure as nitrogen sources, on P availability and maize yields for two seasons at Nyabeda and Khwisero in Kenya. Phosphorus availability was determined by the Olsen method or sequential fractionation. There was no significant difference in Olsen P as influenced by TSP and MPR at 50 kg P ha−1 irrespective of the N source at both sites in both seasons. However, at 250 kg P ha−1, TSP gave significantly higher Olsen P than MPR. The labile P fractions generally followed the same trend as the Olsen P. Maize yields increased with increasing amount of P applied. Generally, there was no significant difference between TSP and MPR on maize yields irrespective of the N source. The Olsen-P, Resin-P, and sodium bicarbonate inorganic P correlated well with maize yields when TSP was used but the correlations between these P tests and maize yields for MPR were not consistent and therefore their use on soils treated with MPR should be exercised with caution.

Comparison of Soil Phosphorus Tests for Assessing Plant Availability of Phosphorus in an Ultisol Amended with Water-Soluble and Phosphate Rock Sources

The effectiveness of different soil tests in assessing soil phosphorus (P) in soils amended with phosphate rocks (PRs) is uncertain. We evaluated the effects of triple superphosphate (TSP) and PRs on extractable P by conventional soil tests (Mehlich 3 [Meh3] and Bray-1 [B1]) and a nonconventional test (iron oxide–impregnated paper, strip). Extracted amounts of P were in the order: Meh3 >B1 > strip. All the tests were significantly correlated (p = 0.001). Acidic reagents extracted more P from TSP than PRs, while the strip removed equal amounts from the two sources. The P removed by the three tests was related significantly to dry matter yield (DMY), but only in the first harvest, except for B1. Established critical P levels (CPLs) differed for TSP and PRs. In PR-fertilized soils, CPLs were 27, 17, and 12 mg P kg-1soil for Meh3, B1, and strip, respectively, and 42, 31, and 12 mg P kg-1 soil, respectively, in TSP-fertilized soils. Thus, the strip resulted in a common CPL for TSP and PRs (12 mg P kg-1 soil). This method can be used effectively in soils where integrated nutrient sources have been used, but there is need to establish CPLs for different crops. For cost-effective fertilizer P recommendations based on conventional soil tests, there is a need to conduct separate calibrations for TSP- and PR-fertilized soils.

Effect of inorganic phosphatic fertilizers on the efficacy of an arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus against a root-knot nematode on pyrethrum

Effects of triple super phosphate (TSP) and single super phosphate (SSP) fertilizers on efficacy of a Glomus sp. (isolate KS 14) against Meloidogyne hapla were determined. The fertilizers were applied at 150 and 300 kg ha -1 at the time of fungus inoculation. Two months later, plants were inoculated with the nematodes. Plant growth and nematode disease parameters were determined 2 months after nematode inoculation. The fertilizers at both levels improved plant growth in all treatments. In general, the fungus improved plant growth on its own or in the presence of nematodes, but not in the presence of fertilizers. Both fertilizers at both levels were more effective in improving plant growth than the fungus. The fungus showed sensitivity to inorganic P fertilizers in that the fertilizers significantly reduced fungal root colonization and its pyrethrum growth stimulative effects. The fungus suppressed nematode disease severity unlike the fertilizers. The suppressive effects of the fungus on the nematodes were in most cases reduced by the fertilizers. The nematodes, unlike the fertilizers, did not have any significant effects on root colonization by the fungus or on its ability to improve pyrethrum growth. The presence of nematodes in fertilizer or fertilizer-fungus-treated plants, however, significantly reduced pyrethrum growth.

Phosphorus utilisation efficiency and depletion of phosphate fractions in the rhizosphere of three tea (Camellia sinensis L.) clones

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is mostly grown on highly weathered acidic Ultisols in the humid and sub-humid tropics. Phosphorus (P) availability in Ultisols is naturally low due to it's low diffusivity caused by high P-fixation of Fe and Al oxides. Tea is generally fertilised with low-cost reactive phosphate rocks (RPR) because of enhanced solubility of RPR under acidic conditions. In many countries, new tea clones have been developed to improve yield, drought tolerance and resistance to pest and diseases, but the effectiveness of these clones in utilising P from RPR and native soil P forms has not been studied. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of triple superphosphate (TSP) and a sparingly soluble phosphate rock (Eppawala phosphate rock, EPR) on plant P uptake and soil P fractions in the rhizosphere of three tea clones developed in Sri Lanka (S 106, TRI 2023 and TRI 2025). Phosphate uptake by TRI 2023 (3.3 ± 0.02 mg P plant-1) and TRI 2025 (2.6 ± 0.08 mg P plant-1) was significantly greater than S 106 (1.1 ± 0.01 mg P plant-1) for both P treatments. However the type of P fertiliser did not show any significant difference in P uptake by any of the clones. In all tea clones, the rhizosphere soil pH decreased significantly compared to that of the bulk soil in both P fertiliser treatments. The decrease of pH near the rhizoplane (0–0.5 mm) for TRI 2023, TRI 2025 and S 106 were 0.30 ± 0.02, 0.19 ± 0.03 and 0.17 ± 0.05 respectively. Dissolution of EPR in the rhizosphere of TRI 2023 and TRI 2025 was greater than S 106, which could be attributed to enhanced H+ efflux. TRI 2023 and TRI 2025 depleted more resin-P, NaOH–Piand H2SO4–Piin the rhizosphere compared to S 106, which is consistent with the P uptake results. NaOH–Po accumulated in the rhizosphere of all clones suggesting that soluble inorganic P was transformed into organic P forms possibly as a result of increased microbial activity in the rhizosphere. TRI 2023 and TRI 2025 showed a higher external P efficiency (total P uptake) compared to S 106 due to higher root surface area and higher P uptake per unit root surface area. The higher P uptake per unit root surface area in TRI 2023 and TRI 2025 compared to S 106 may be due to higher rhizosphere acidification, root exudation and mycorrhizal associations. Between TRI 2023 and TRI 2025, the former had higher external P efficiency due to greater root surface area. S 106 had higher internal P efficiency (shoot dry matter production per unit plant P) compared to the other two clones. In future tea breeding programmes, attempts should be made to combine these two traits to maximise P utilisation efficiency from tea clones.

Nitrite accumulation and denitrification during urea hydrolysis with added triple superphosphate

Banded urea could cause nitrite (NO2 ‐) accumulation and enhanced denitrification due to ammonia (NH3) toxicity to Nitrobacter. Delayed urea hydrolysis with addition of acidic phosphate to urea would reduce these problems. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of triple superphosphate (TSP) on NO2 ‐ accumulation and denitrification. A Ste. Rosalie clay (Typic Humaquept), an Ormstown silty clay loam (Typic Humaquept) and a Chicot sandy clay loam (Typic Hapludalf) were used. Treatments included three rates of TSP (0, 0.22, and 0.44 g P column‐1) and 0.50 g N column‐1 with an unfertilized control. Urea and TSP were pelleted and placed on soil columns which were sampled for urea, ammonium (NH4 +), NH3, nitrate (NO3 ‐), NO2 ‐‐N, and pH analyses. Denitrification was measured on day 7, 14, and 21. Soil pH and NH3 concentrations were reduced with added TSP due to delayed urea hydrolysis, and as a result, NO2 ‐ accumulation and denitrification were decreased. With time, differences in denitrification rate decreased between treatments with urea alone and with urea plus TSP, implying that TSP was more effective in the early stages of urea hydrolysis. Application of TSP with urea may improve urea use efficiency through reduced denitrification.

Effects of triple superphosphate and Sechura phosphate rock on clover and nitrogen content of pasture

Abstract The effect of annual applications of triple superphosphate (TSP) and Sechura phosphate rock (SPR) on clover content of permanent pasture was measured at seven sites in New Zealand. Clover content as a percentage of total pasture dry matter (DM) production (% clover) increased with phosphorus (P) application rate, and the response of % clover to P increased with time over 6 years. Most of the response occurred at P fertiliser rates up to the mean calculated maintenance rate of 25 kg P/ha per year, with little further response to twice this rate. The response in total pasture DM production to rate of P fertiliser was similar to the response in % clover. Near‐maximum % clover was achieved with Olsen P levels of 12–15. Percentage clover responses to TSP and SPR did not differ significantly at equal rates of P. There was a significant relationship between % clover and % nitrogen in total DM.

Root growth and mineral nutrition of corn hybrids as affected by phosphorus and lime

Abstract The effects of triple superphosphate (TS) and liming on macronutrient accumulation and root growth of Pioneer 3072 and Cargill 505 corn hybrids were studied. Corn plants were grown up to 30 days in pots with 7 L of a dark red Latosol sandy loam (Haplortox). Lime was applied to raise base saturation to 30, 50, and 70%, in two levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization with TS (0 and 200 ppm P). There was an increase in root surface due to lime only in pots without TS, with no effects on plant growth or nutrition. Both corn hybrids responded to P fertilization, but Pioneer yielded more dry matter than Cargill. The roots of Cargill were thicker and, when in TS presence, were longer and had a larger surface than Pioneer. There was an increase in macronutrient uptake in the P fertilized pots. Pioneer required more nutrients and showed a higher efficiency in acquiring and utilizing the nutrients from the soil. A higher response of Pioneer in dry matter and nutrient acquisition was more related to the physiological efficiency than to root morphology.

PEAT AND COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AS AMENDMENTS FOR GRAY WOODED SOILS

The nitrates in pot cultures of gray wooded soil were generally affected by the various amendments as follows: increased by applications of neutral or acid subsurface peat and not depressed by neutral or acid surface peat; increased by ammonium phosphate alone and in combination with the surface and subsurface peats, and by ammonium sulphate in combination with the subsurface peats, but slightly depressed by triple superphosphate in combination with the subsurface peats.The wheat crop yields in pot cultures of gray wooded soil were generally affected by the various amendments as follows: increased somewhat by peat alone, and especially by subsurface peat; increased substantially by ammonium phosphate alone, but increased to a greater extent in all three series by a combination of ammonium phosphate and subsurface peat; increased substantially by ammonium sulphate and subsurface peat, but not by triple superphosphate and peat.The plate counts of bacteria in treated cultures of gray wooded soil increased for two to four months, and then decreased. The ammonium phosphate plus subsurface peat treatment gave the highest counts, the ammonium phosphate plus surface peat the second highest, and the ammonium sulphate plus subsurface peat the third highest. The differences between the effects of triple superphosphate plus subsurface peat, ammonium phosphate, surface peat, and subsurface peat, were small. The control gave only a small increase during the course of the experiment.The ratio method showed that there are very large numbers of bacteria in gray wooded soil. Instead of ranging from about 500,000 to about 8,000,000 per gm. of soil as with the plate count method, the numbers varied from about 200,000,000 to 2,000,000,000. The numbers reached a maximum after three months' incubation. The ammonium phosphate plus subsurface peat treatment again gave the highest average number, and the succeeding order was also about the same as in the case of the plate counts.When mixed with gray wooded soil, surface peat, though highly carbonaceous, did not cause any significant decrease in nitrate at first, and produced some increase later. Straw caused some decrease at first, but the later recovery counterbalanced this loss. Cotton caused a decrease to practically none for about three months, and even when combined with ammonium phosphate caused some decrease. Ammonium phosphate alone and in combination with straw and surface peat produced large increases in nitrate. In a duplicate experiment with black soil the trends were similar, but the nitrate was not reduced to the same extent by straw and cotton, and when ammonium phosphate was added with the organic matter, nitrate was not reduced by peat, straw, or cotton.