Effects Of Tetracycline Antibiotics Research Articles

Retracted: Effect of Tetracycline Antibiotics on Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure Based on Data Mining.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/6335146.].

The residue of tetracycline antibiotics in soil and Brassica juncea var. gemmifera, and the diversity of soil bacterial community under different livestock manure treatments.

Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) are a broad-spectrum antibiotic, widely used in livestock and poultry breeding. Residue of tetracycline antibiotics in animal manure may cause changes in vegetable TCs content and soil microbial community. On the basis of the investigation and analysis of TCs pollution in the soil of main vegetable bases and the livestock manure of major large-scale farms in Chongqing, China, field experiment was conducted to study the residues of tetracycline antibiotics in Brassica juncea var. gemmifera and soil under different kinds and different dosages of livestock manures. Effects of tetracycline antibiotics on the structure and diversity of soil microbial community were also investigated by high-throughput sequencing. TCs content in soil was increased by applying livestock manure. The contents of tetracycline, oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) in the soil under pig manure treatment were 171.07-660.20μgkg-1, 25.38-345.78μgkg-1 and 170.77-707.47μgkg-1, respectively. The contents of TC, OTC and CTC in the soil under the treatment of chicken manure were 166.62-353.61μgkg-1, 122.25-251.23μgkg-1 and 15.12-80.91μgkg-1, respectively. TCs in edible parts of Brassica juncea var. gemmifera was increased after livestock manure treatment Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chioroflexi and Bacteroidetes under livestock manure treatment were the dominant phyla, accounting for 85.2-92.4% of the total abundance of soil bacteria. The soil OTUs under the treatment of pig manure was higher than that under the treatment of chicken manure. Biogas residue (Livestock manure after fermentation treatment) can effectively reduce the environmental and ecological risks caused by antibiotic residues.

Effects of tetracycline antibiotics in chicken manure on soil microbes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs).

China is the world's largest livestock and poultry breeding country, but also the largest use of veterinary antibiotics. When a large amount of chicken manure is applied to the soil, it will cause the number of antibiotic residues and resistant bacteria to increase, which will bring about the pollution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil, and then increase the risk of environmental pollution and human health. Field experiments were conducted to study the changes of soil tetracycline antibiotic residues, resistant bacteria and resistance genes treated with different types and dosage of chicken manure (no chicken manure, (CK), low fresh chicken manure treatment (300kg·667m-2), high fresh chicken manure treatment (600kg·667m-2), low decomposed chicken manure treatment (300kg·667m-2) and high decomposed chicken manure treatment (600kg·667m-2)). After one-year application of chicken manure, content of soil organic matter increased by 1.0%-3.2% compared with the control. The activity of soil catalase significantly increased by 84.3-91.5%, 81.9-102.9% in fresh and decomposed chicken manure treatments compared with the control, respectively. The amount of soil resistant bacteria under the same treatment was in the order of Anti-OTC > Anti-TC > Anti-CTC. After one-year application of chicken manure, the total tetracycline amount in the soil was increased by 168.5-217.9% compared with the control. The amount of antibiotic residue in soil treated with fresh chicken manure was 3.0-9.1% higher than that treated with decomposed chicken manure. The abundance of ARGs in the soil was in the order of that treated with high fresh chicken manure > low fresh chicken manure > high decomposed chicken manure > low decomposed chicken manure. The risk of tetracycline antibiotics to soil ecological environment may be greatly reduced after chicken manure decomposed.

Effect of Tetracycline Antibiotic on Abundance and Transcriptional Expression Level of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Activated Sludge

Tetracycline resistant bacteria (TRB) screened from activated sludge were used to study the effect of tetracycline (TC) antibiotic on the transcriptional expression of tetracycline resistance genes (TC-ARGs). The gene abundances of seven TC-ARGs including tetA, tetC, tetG, tetM, tetO, tetW, and tetX, as well as their expression levels, were quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and reverse transcriptional PCR (RT-PCR). The correlations between TC concentrations and gene abundance of TC-ARGs and their expression levels were discussed. The results showed that the gene abundances of tetA, tetG, and tetW generally increased with increasing TC exposure concentrations during the entire culture cycle, whereas other TC-ARGs fluctuated greatly. The impact of TC stress on the transcriptional expression level of different TC-ARGs varied to a great extent. The gene expression of tetA was relatively stable and exhibited an upregulated trend with increasing TC concentrations. When the TC concentration was 100 mg·L-1, the upregulation of tetA expression was as high as 5.3-fold compared with the control. Under short-term TC stress (one day), the transcriptional expression level was upregulated with increasing TC concentration. The correlation results showed that gene abundances of tetA and tetW correlated significantly with their respective expression levels, indicating that they can evaluate expression levels to a certain extent, which can further mirror functional activities and environmental risks.

Effective difference of oxytetracycline concentrations on anaerobic batch digestion of pig manure

ABSTRACT Oxytetracycline is one of the tetracycline antibiotics for feeding pig or cow, tetracycline antibiotics are the most widely used in animals and veterinary medicine as growth promoters and antibacterial drugs and it can pose potential threat to animal and human health in the world. The aim of this study was to examined evaluation effective the difference of oxytetracycline concentration volumes in anaerobic batch digestion of fresh pig manure, which the experiment was carried out in three groups following as blank, control and sample groups, respectively, and each experiment groups were three replications over a period of time about 30 days and the same conditional temperature at 30 ± 1°C. The experimental results showed that all the sample and control groups significantly increased the high peak of biogas volume by starting in the first and seventh day, by the end of the day of eighth day, fermentation slightly decreased the volume of biogas production. The volume of oxytetracycline concentration in the range between 10 and 50 mg/kg was capable of high production of biogas by volumes of 2,218 to 2,817 ml, and methane contents of biogas produced were 45.96–49.69%, respectively. And from 100 to 500 mg/kg of oxytetracycline concentration volumes, it seemed to be moderate inhibition of anaerobic microbial activity, but the severe inhibition occurred when the concentration of oxytetracycline volume reached in the range of 1,000–2,000 mg/kg by decreasing the biogas production from 1,996 to 419 ml, respectively (38.10% and 33.89% of methane values). Unlike the generally believed adverse effect of tetracycline antibiotics, the results of this study demonstrated the favorable role of Oxytetracycline (OTC) in biogas production and thus provide new insights into their true biogas project or environmental impacts.

Effects of Tetracycline Antibiotics on Growth and Characteristics of Enrichment and Transformation in Two Vegetables

Pot experiments were carried out to study different levels (0, 50, and 150 mg·kg-1) of three tetracycline antibiotics[tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC)] on the growth, concentration of tetracycline antibiotics, and their characteristics of enrichment and transformation in two kinds of vegetables (lettuce and Chinese cabbage). The results showed that the fresh weight of shoots and roots of lettuce decreased by 1.56%-26.84% and 17.36%-51.04%, respectively, when exposed to tetracycline antibiotics compared to the control, while the fresh weight of shoots and roots of Chinese cabbage increased by 3.7%-7.3% and 3.1%-82.2%, respectively. The stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of lettuce and cabbage increased when exposed to tetracycline antibiotics, while the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of lettuce decreased by 32.43%-82.43% at 150 mg·kg-1 of TC compared to the control. Compared to the control, the activities of SOD in lettuce and cabbage decreased 29.17%-223.12% when exposed to tetracycline antibiotics, and the lowest activities of SOD in lettuce and cabbage were found in OTC treatments. The highest content of MDA in lettuce and cabbage was observed at 150 mg·kg-1 of TC (except for lettuce leaves). The contents of tetracycline antibiotics in the shoots and underground portions of Chinese cabbage were higher than that of lettuce, and higher contents of tetracycline antibiotics in vegetables were found with the CTC treatments. The residual amount of antibiotics in lettuce soil was higher than that in the Chinese cabbage soil, and the highest residual amount in the soil was observed with the OTC treatment. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) and transport factor (TF) of Chinese cabbage were, respectively, 1.07-7.35 and 1.15-2.25 times that of lettuce. OTC and CTC were more easily concentrated in the two vegetables. Therefore, OTC and CTC may bring a higher ecological risk.

Physiological effects of tetracycline antibiotic pollutants on non-target aquatic Microcystis aeruginosa

This study aimed to evaluate the aquatic toxicity of three typical tetracycline antibiotics, including tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline, on the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. The cell density, chlorophyll a content, protein content, and enzymatic antioxidant activities were determined. The results showed that the cell growth was significantly inhibited by the three compounds at a low concentration. The chlorophyll a and protein content decreased significantly after exposure to 0.05 mg L−1 of each compound for 9 d. When exposed to 0.2–1 mg L−1 of tetracycline, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased, but peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities decreased. In contrast, when exposed to oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline at different concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1 mg L−1 and from 0.01 to 0.05 mg L−1, the SOD activity decreased, but the POD and CAT activities increased. These findings indicate that tetracycline antibiotics influence cell growth and protein synthesis, and they also induce oxidative stress in M. aeruginosa at environmentally similar concentrations. Thus, this study may provide further insights into the toxic effects of tetracycline antibiotics and the controlled use of antibiotics.

Effect of tetracycline antibiotic on the monolayers of phosphatidylcholines at the air–water interface

Abstract Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the polyketide class. It is widely used against bacterial infections as well as food additive to a live-stock. Since tetracycline is resistant against degradation, it accumulates in the environment, leading also to antibiotic residues in animal and food products, which is now considered to be an important health risk because of increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. In this work we studied the interactions of tetracycline with phospholipid monolayers at the air/water interface in order to elucidate the mechanism of its action on cell membrane biomimetic system. We selected three phosphatidylcholines, having the same head-group structure, differing with respect to their hydrophobic chain length, the presence of unsaturated bonds between carbon atoms and, consequently, the phase transition temperature. Analysis of the results presented here suggests that tetracycline interacts with the three phosphatidylcholines mainly through the electrostatic interactions with hydrophilic groups of these lipids. On the other hand, the shape of presented pressure-area isotherms and their compressibility moduli show the synergistic effect of hydrophobic interactions that are larger for longer alkyl chains, promoting easier ordering of monolayer molecules with increased surface pressure when drug is present in the subphase, particularly for saturated DPPC. Based on our contact potential data we think that positively charged tertiary amino group of TC is facing negatively charged phosphate groups of phosphatidylcholines, penetrating only the hydrophilic head group region but not the hydrophobic moiety of these monolayers. However, the observed differences in CPD values for the case of DMPC point toward the drug disordering influence also on the organization of the hydrophobic region of this monolayer. This is because the drug penetration disturbs the van der Waals ordering interactions between its shorter hydrophobic chains to a greater extent comparing to DPPC and DOPC molecules.

Analysis of tetracycline antibiotics in soil: Advances in extraction, clean-up, and quantification

Residues of tetracyclines end up in the environment due to the common practice of land application of manure from treated animals. The environmental behavior and the fate of tetracyclines in manure and soil after cropland application remain largely unknown. The lack of information on the nature of the biodegradation products of tetracyclines formed at environmentally-relevant concentrations is mostly due to analytical difficulties encountered when trying to analyze trace levels of these compounds in the presence of complex matrices. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become widely used in detecting polar pollutants such as antibiotics. In applying LC-MS for environmental investigations, the analyst is faced with two major challenges: poor detectability of analytes; and, highly variable matrix interferences that compromise quantification. To improve our understanding of the fate and effects of tetracycline antibiotics in the environment, improved methods for detection, quantification, and unknown identification are needed. In this review, we discuss strategies for sample preparation, extraction, clean-up using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIPs), and analysis of tetracyclines and their transformation products in soil, in order to facilitate future environmental fate studies, and to challenge analytical chemists to develop the necessary tools to allow a complete risk assessment of other pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment.

Effect of Tetracycline Antibiotics on Symptom Development of Stubborn Disease and Infectious Variegation of Citrus Seedlings

Effect of Tetracycline Antibiotics on Symptom Development of Stubborn Disease and Infectious Variegation of Citrus Seedlings

Effects of Tetracycline Antibiotics on Plants Affected by Legume Little Leaf Disease

Nicotiana glutino8a, aster, and tomato plants affected by legume little leaf disease were treated by spraying the foliage with 100 ,..,g/ml aqueous solutions of either Achromycin (tetracycline hydrochloride) or Aureomycin (chlortetracycline hydro-chloride), every 2-3 days for periods of 4-8 weeks. Disease symptoms were sup� pressed in the new growth of all plants during the treatment period, but reappeared 2-4 weeks after the last application of antibiotic. Mycoplasma-like bodies were abundant in the phloem sieve tubes of untreated aster, and in aster which redeveloped symptoms after the antibiotic treatment had been discontinued. In contrast, Mycoplasma�like bodies could not be detected by thin� section electron microscopy in symptomless shoots of Achromycin-treated plants immediately after a period of treatment. In concomitant leafhopper transmission tests with the vector Orosius argentatus, the little leaf agent was not recovered from the symptomless treated shoots, but was readily recovered from diseased shoots which developed after termina-tion of the Achromycin treatment.

The Effect of Oxytetracycline on the Performance of Turkey Breeder Hens

LIMITED information is available on the effects of tetracycline antibiotics on the performance of turkey breeder hens. Several reports related to the use of antibiotics in the feeds of commercial laying hens and heavy chicken breeders have been published during the past few years (Carlson, 1959; Heywang, 1959; O’Neal and Savage, 1959; Ryan et al., 1961; Eoff et al., 1962). In general, these reports have shown improvements in egg production and feed efficiency due to the feeding of antibiotics.White-Stevens et al. (1955) reported that the continuous feeding of 100 to 200 grams of chlortetracycline per ton of feed to Beltsville Small White turkey breeders significantly increased eggs per hen housed and poults hatched per hen housed. With turkey breeder hens exhibiting a fertility problem, Green et al. (1963) observed in two experiments that tetracycline antibiotics administered through the feed or by injection prevented the precipitous drop in fertility observed …

Spores of microorganisms. X. Interference of tetracycline antibiotics with sporogenesis of bacilli.

Sporulating cells of bacilli characterized by enormous accumulation of calcium were used as a model for determining the basis of the effect of tetracycline anti biotics on whole cells. Increased amounts of calcium are bound on the cells during the prespore phase. At the same time the ability of cells ofBacillus cereus andBacillus megaterium to bind chiortetra cycline is also markedly increased. In this phase both calcium and tetracycline are probably bound to the cell surface and can be removed by different washing procedures. Cultivation of sporulating cells with citric acid highly increased the binding of chlortetracycline on or in the cells. Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline, in a concentration of 5 µg./ml., markedly inhibited the incorporation of calcium into the cells and dipicolinic acid synthesis in the sporangium probably by blocking the cell surface. They also influenced the morphology of the spores and autoly of the sporangia. Their effect depends largely on the stage of development of the culture at the moment when the antibiotic is added. Excess calcium in the medium somewhat stimulated dipicolinic acid synthesis in the presence of chiortetracycline and in the controls. Excess magnesium, manganese and glucose did not reverse inhibition. The effect of tetracycline antibiotics on sporulation and autolysis is compared with the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The results are discussed from the aspect of the theory of a metalmediated block of macromolecules or structures by tetracycline antibiotics.

Effect of Tetracycline Antibiotics on Objective and Subjective Fish Quality Tests

The effect of the antibiotics chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline on certain fish quality tests (viable bacterial count, trimethylamine nitrogen content and organoleptic rating) was evaluated. The formation of trimethylamine by the reduction of trimethylamine oxide in lingcod muscle was suppressed when chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline were used as preservatives in storage tests at 0 and 4 °C. Results of the three tests on antibiotic-treated samples showed poor agreement; reasonable agreement was obtained from the tests on control samples.

Effects of Tetracycline Antibiotics on the Products of Anserinase Action in Chill Stored Haddock (Gadus aeglefinus) Muscle

SUMMARYAnserine (β‐alanyl‐L‐1‐methylhistidine) is cleaved hydrolytically by a haddock muscle enzyme. The inclusion of chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline in ice preserving eviscerated haddock increases the free β‐alanine and L‐l‐methylhistidine recoverable from the muscle during chill storage. This results from their lower utilization by the microfloras selected by tetracyclines. Technological implications are discussed briefly.

Effect of tetracycline antibiotics on the proteolysis of fish muscle.

DURING recent experiments on the storage of herring over a 21-day period in normal ice and in ices containing chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline, an attempt was made to correlate changes in the bacterial flora with some of the changes which occur in the muscle.