Effect Of Terms Research Articles

The Effect of Domain Terms on Password Security

The predominant authentication method still relies on usernames and passwords. To enhance memorability, domain terms may have been opted to include as part of passwords. However, there is little analysis of the extent to which such practice affects password security, so there is a lack of guidance on how users use domain terms on websites with different domain characteristics. To address the problem, we propose a novel approach to analyze the security effect of using domain terms in passwords. The methodology primarily consists of three stages. Firstly, we utilize Web crawlers to harvest domain vocabularies, subsequently leveraging the TextRank algorithm to rank their importance. Afterward, we propose an algorithm for constructing a simulated domain-specific password dataset by replacing password elements with domain terms. Finally, password guessing experiments are done on the dataset using PCFG and Markov model to evaluate the impact of domain terms on password security. The experimental results indicate that, for systems without clear domain, 20% domain terms replacement in the test set can reduce the cracking rate by up to 5.45%. In contrast, for domain-specific systems, 20% domain terms replacement in the training set can increase the cracking rate by 6.45%. These findings provide practical guidance on the application of domain knowledge in password creation for different types of systems. In summary, this study offers a novel perspective for exploring the security implications of passwords influenced by specific domains.

Effect of lower order terms on the well-posedness of Majda-Biello systems

Effect of lower order terms on the well-posedness of Majda-Biello systems

The Contribution of Musical Terminology in Vocal Works to Performers’ Perception of Emotions

Musical terminology is the most indispensable part of the performer’s interpretation of the work, which promotes the development of the story plot and promotes the emotional fluctuations of the performer. This paper will take the opera excerpt “Les tringles des sistres” as the entry point, and explore the promoting changes of the musical terms appearing in the music to the performers’ emotional perception. Combined with the collected data and my own singing experience, this paper will analyze the music terms, emotional expression, music aesthetics and music emotional perception in multiple aspects. Based on their genres, music noumenon and other aspects, this paper expounds the promoting effect of music terms on performers’ emotional perception, and analyzes the promoting effect of music terms in vocal music works on performers’ emotional perception from the aspects of music aesthetics, stimulating effect of attention, music perception and music emotion perception.

Corrected Thermodynamics of Black Holes in f(R) Gravity with Electrodynamic Field and Cosmological Constant.

The thermodynamics of black holes (BHs) and their corrections have become a hot topic in the study of gravitational physics, with significant progress made in recent decades. In this paper, we study the thermodynamics and corrections of spherically symmetric BHs in models f(R)=R+αR2 and f(R)=R+2γR+8Λ under the f(R) theory, which includes the electrodynamic field and the cosmological constant. Considering thermal fluctuations around equilibrium states, we find that, for both f(R) models, the corrected entropy is meaningful in the case of a negative cosmological constant (anti-de Sitter-RN spacetime) with Λ=-1. It is shown that when the BHs' horizon radius is small, thermal fluctuations have a more significant effect on the corrected entropy. Using the corrected entropy, we derive expressions for the relevant corrected thermodynamic quantities (such as Helmholtz free energy, internal energy, Gibbs free energy, and specific heat) and calculate the effects of the correction terms. The results indicate that the corrections to Helmholtz free energy and Gibbs free energy, caused by thermal fluctuations, are remarkable for small BHs. In addition, we explore the stability of BHs using specific heat. The study reveals that the corrected BH thermodynamics exhibit locally stable for both models, and corrected systems undergo a Hawking-Page phase transition. Considering the requirement on the non-negative volume of BHs, we also investigate the constraint on the EH radius of BHs.

Pricing of a Binary Option Under a Mixed Exponential Jump Diffusion Model

This paper focuses on the pricing problem of binary options under stochastic interest rates, stochastic volatility, and a mixed exponential jump diffusion model. Considering the negative interest rates in the market in recent years, this paper assumes that the stochastic interest rate follows the Hull–White (HW) model. In addition, we assume that the stochastic volatility follows the Heston volatility model, and the price of the underlying asset follows the jump diffusion model in which the jumps follow the mixed exponential jump model. Considering these factors comprehensively, the mixed exponential jump diffusion of the Heston–HW (abbreviated as MEJ-Heston–HW) model is established. Using the idea of measure transformation, the pricing formula of binary call options is derived by the martingale method, eigenfunction, and Fourier transform. Finally, the effects of the volatility term and the parameters of the mixed-exponential jump diffusion model on the option price in the O-U process are analyzed. In the numerical simulation, compared with the double exponential jump Heston–HW (abbreviated as DEJ-Heston–HW) model and the Heston–HW model, the mixed exponential jump model is an extension of the double exponential jump model, which can approximate any distribution in the sense of weak convergence, including arbitrary discrete distributions, normal distributions, and various thick-tailed distributions. Therefore, the MEJ-Heston–HW model adopted in this paper can better describe the price of the underlying asset.

First integrated core-edge fluid simulation of ITER’s Limiter–Divertor transition with SolEdge-HDG

This work explores the Limiter–Divertor transition (L–D) during the current ramp-up of ITER’s Q = 10 baseline plasma scenario at various central line-integrated density nli values. The analysis, based on transport simulations performed with the latest version of SoleEdge-HDG, focuses on the time evolution of heat and ion particle fluxes, revealing regions of elevated temperature on the inner wall and plasma-facing components (PFCs) despite moderate loads. The investigation also delves into the effects of perpendicular convection flux terms on density build-up, comparing different formulations and their interplay with auxiliary heating sources. Furthermore, the paper shows the impact of taking into account the evolution of the parallel neutral momentum on plasma and neutral density at the targets in the context of an ITER steady-state scenario.

Phase transitions and thermal properties of the charged Acoustic black hole

In this article, we analyze the thermal properties and phase transition of the acoustic black hole. We investigate the equilibrium and modified thermodynamical quantities through thermal fluctuations. Notably, thermal fluctuations affect entropy, which is important for understanding physical behavior and phase space. The black hole mass, Hawking temperature, heat capacity and numerous potentials are computed to evaluate thermodynamic stability. Significantly, the outcomes for large and small black holes are used to examine the effects of correction and coupling terms on the thermodynamic system.

Andreev reflection in topological nodal-line semimetals superconductor junction

Abstract Andreev reflection is an important quantum tunneling phenomenon in the conductor-superconductor junction. The Andreev reflection coefficients TAR of a hybrid system with s-wave superconductor connected by topological nodal-line semimetals (TNLSMs-SC junction system) is calculated theoretically by using the Landauer-Büttiker formula combined with the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. The results show that when the direction of the boundary state electron and the incident electron are the same, only the bulk states of the TNLSMs involve the Andreev reflection of the hybrid system, and the Andreev reflection coefficients TAR enhance with the increase of the Fermi energy EF . We also study the effect of on-site energy µz and mass term m on the Andreev reflection and find that the Andreev reflection in the system decreases rapidly with the increase of on-site energy µz and mass term m. Moreover, we find that only in the presence of a mass term m, the Andreev reflection coefficients TAR of the system changes with the rise of the Fermi energy EF . When a perpendicular magnetic field is applied in the system, the Andreev reflection coefficients TARin the superconducting gap will appear a series of oscillating peaks. For a hybrid system with the large perpendicular magnetic field applied, we find that the maximum Andreev reflection coefficients TAR=7.2 at the Fermi energy EF = 0.0 and the incident electron energy E = ±0.1. The Andreev reflection coefficients TAR is gradually enhanced in the superconducting gap (incident energy |E| ≤ 0.2) when a disorder is applied to the superconductor region of the system. However, the symmetry of the Andreev reflection coefficients TARis broken when the perpendicular magnetic field is applied to the system. These peculiar transport properties of the TNLSMs-SC junction system are expected to provide theoretical guidance for future applications.

Novel Stability Criteria of Asynchronously Switched Nonlinear Neutral Time-Delay Systems.

This article investigates the input-to-state stability and integral input-to-state stability for the switched nonlinear neutral systems (SNNSs) with multiple time-varying delays (MTVDs) and asynchronous switching. According to the fact that the switching signals of the controllers and the subsystems are inconsistent, novel stability criteria on the input-to-state stability and integral input-to-state stability properties for SNNSs with MTVDs and the asynchronous switching phenomenon are presented by multiple Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals, the merging switching signal, and the mode-dependent average dwell time technique. Compared with the existing related works, our results are less conservative. Meanwhile, our proposed works not only investigate the effects of switches and neutral terms on the stability property for SNNSs but also study the case of the systems with MTVDs and asynchronous switching. Finally, two practical examples, including the practical coupled mass-spring-damper-pendulum system, are presented to show the effectiveness of our results.

Hierarchical Three-Body Problem at High Eccentricities = Simple Pendulum II: Octupole including Brown’s Hamiltonian

Abstract The very long-term evolution of the hierarchical restricted three-body problem with a massive perturber is analyzed analytically in the high eccentricity regime. Perturbations on the time scale of the outer orbit can accumulate over long timescales and be comparable to the effect of the octupole term. These perturbations are described by Brown’s Hamiltonian - having different forms in the literature. We show that at the high eccentricity regime - the effect of Brown’s Hamiltonian is an azimuthal precesssion of the eccentricity vector and can be solved analytically. In fact, the dynamics are equivalent to a simple pendulum model allowing an explicit flip criterion.

Singular double phase problems with convection

We consider a Dirichlet problem driven by the double phase differential operator and a parametric reaction which has the combined effects of a singular term and of a convective perturbation. Using nonlinear operators of monotone type, truncation and comparison techniques, and fixed point theory, we show that for all small values of the parameter, the problem has a bounded positive solution.

Baryogenesis in quantum fluctuation modified gravity

We consider baryogenesis in quantum fluctuation modified gravity. We explore three forms (two are newly proposed here) of baryogenesis interaction and discuss the effect of these interaction terms on the baryon-to-entropy ratio during the radiation era of the expanding universe. We constrain the model parameters with the current observational data, implying that this modified gravity is capable to address the issue of baryon asymmetry in a successful manner.

Gravitational index of the heterotic string

The fundamental heterotic string has a tower of BPS states whose supersymmetric index has an exponential growth in the charges. We construct the saddle-point of the gravitational path integral corresponding to this index. The saddle-point configuration is a supersymmetric rotating non-extremal Euclidean black hole. This configuration is singular in the two-derivative theory. We show that the addition of higher-derivative terms in four-dimensional N\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{N} $$\\end{document} = 2 supergravity resolves the singularity. In doing so, we extend the recently-developed “new attractor mechanism” to include the effect of higher-derivative terms. Remarkably, the one-loop, four-derivative F-term contribution to the prepotential leads to a precise match of the gravitational and microscopic index. We also comment, using the effective theory near the horizon, on the possibility of a string-size near-extremal black hole. Our results clarify the meaning of different descriptions of this system in the literature. The thermal state transitions to a winding condensate and a gas of strings without ever reaching a small black hole, while the index is captured by the rotating Euclidean black hole solution and is constant and thus smoothly connected to the microscopic ensemble.

Orthonormal aberration decomposition for circular aperture and rectangular field with extension to multiple-aperture systems

A new set of orthogonal polynomials and the traditional Zernike polynomials are combined to construct the wavefront of the sparse aperture (SA) optical system. The new set of orthogonal polynomials in the rectangular domain is derived based on the Zernike polynomials. The modulation transfer functions (MTFs) of the SA system under different fields of view are calculated. The effects of some wavefront terms on the field-related MTF are analyzed. Imaging simulation and restoration are conducted for the SA system. The results indicate that the wavefront of the SA system can be represented by the combination of the new set of orthogonal polynomials and the Zernike polynomials. The former represents the field term, and the latter represents the pupil term of the wavefront. The field-related Wiener filter is constructed to restore the imaging results of the SA system, and the results show that the image quality can be improved greatly through restoration.

Superstrings near the conformal boundary of AdS3

We study worldsheet sphere amplitudes, in the RNS formalism, in superstring theory on AdS3 × X with pure NS-NS flux using the near-boundary approximation. By computing a number of amplitudes at low-lying spectral flow, we deduce a candidate for a dual CFT for generic X. Specialising to X = S3 × \U0001d54b4 and with minimal NS-NS flux, i.e., to the tensionless limit, we explore the effect of the interaction term which we ignore in the near-boundary consideration. We show, under some assumptions, that amplitudes in the tensionless superstring theory on AdS3 × S3 × \U0001d54b4 do not receive perturbative contributions from such an interaction term.

The effect of inhomogeneous terms for asymptotic profiles of solutions to second-order abstract evolution equations with time-dependent dissipation

The inhomogeneous problem of second-order evolution equations with a time-dependent dissipation term of the form u″+Au+b(t)u′=g(t) in a real Hilbert space H is considered, where A is a general nonnegative selfadjoint operator in H. The result is the explicit description of asymptotic profile of solutions of such a problem when the dissipation b provides a diffusive structure with a suitable restriction. The proof is a basic energy method with a scope of well-behaved quantity for the diffusive structure.

Shifted Legendre Gauss‐Lobatto collocation scheme for solving nonlinear coupled space‐time fractional reaction‐advection diffusion equations

AbstractThis work aims to develop and apply an algorithm for solving space‐time fractional reaction‐advection diffusion (STFRAD) nonlinear coupled equations with specified initial and boundary conditions by employing a Shifted Legendre Gauss‐Lobatto collocation (SLGLC) scheme. The fractional derivatives of time and space are defined in Caputo sense. The approximate solutions have been constructed with the help of shifted Legendre polynomials. The proposed numerical scheme reduces the coupled fractional order differential equations into a system of algebraic equations which can then be easily solved. The error analysis through the two test problems is carried out to validate the efficiency and efficacy of the method. The effect of advection and reaction terms, and various space‐time fractional order derivatives on the solution profiles have been studied and are shown graphically for different particular cases. It has been observed that the species whose transport is simulated using STFRADE shows higher concentration at a specific distance in porous media in case of integer order differential equations as compared to fractional order equations demonstrating overestimation of its impact in case of integer order differential equation. This is extremely important observation with respect to applications in the field of groundwater pollution management. The salient feature of the article is the stability and convergence analyses of the proposed scheme on the concerned model, which demonstrates the effectiveness and capabilities of the developed method.

A non-autonomous fractional granular model: Multi-shock, Breather, Periodic, Hybrid solutions and Soliton interactions

This paper explores a novel generalized one-dimensional fractional order Granular equation with the effect of periodic forced term. This type of equation arises in different area of mathematical physics with several rough materials in engineering applications. By taking into account of external forces in combination with Hertz constant law and the long wave approximation principle, we construct the fractional order one-dimensional crystalline chain of elastic spheres. A suitable transformation is implemented to convert the fractional order equation to a regular equation. The Hirota’s bilinear approach is used to secure solutions for kink and anti-kink types shock solutions. In order to find periodic and solitary wave solutions, the Granular model is converted to approximate KdV model. The newly developed solutions exhibit a range of interesting dynamics due to the existence of an external force and the roughness effect. Many hybrid solutions are created by taking a long wave limit of a fraction of the exponential and trigonometrical functions in the bilinear form of the granular model. The hybrid solutions show different superposed wave shapes with lumps, kinks and breathers. The dynamical interaction of these solutions are further illustrated graphically. Furthermore, the system’s stability is assessed using perturbation techniques in order to comprehend its resilience and possible uses in granular particles in real-world situations, guaranteeing their dependability in a range of circumstances.

Stabilizing massless fields with fluxes in Landau-Ginzburg models

Recent work on flux compactifications suggests that the tadpole constraint generically allows only a limited number of complex structure moduli to become massive, i.e., be stabilized at quadratic order in the spacetime superpotential. We study the effects of higher-order terms systematically around the Fermat point in the 19 Landau-Ginzburg model. This model lives at strong coupling and features no Kähler moduli. We show that indeed massless fields can be stabilized in this fashion. We observe that, depending on the flux, this mechanism is more effective when the number of initially massless fields is large. These findings are compatible with both the tadpole conjecture and the massless Minkowski conjecture. Along the way, we complete the classification of integral flux vectors with small tadpole contribution. Thereby we are closing in on a future complete understanding of all possible flux configurations in the 19 Landau-Ginzburg model.

Should we change the term we use for “climate change”? Evidence from a national U.S. terminology experiment

The terms “global warming,” “climate crisis,” “climate emergency,” and “climate justice” each draw attention to different aspects of climate change. Psychological theories of attitude formation suggest that people’s attitudes can be influenced by such variations in terminology. In a national experiment, we randomly assigned a national sample of 5,137 U.S. residents to “climate change,” “global warming,” “climate crisis,” “climate emergency,” or “climate justice” and examined their responses. Overall, “climate change” and “global warming” were rated as most familiar and most concerning, and “climate justice” the least, with ratings for “climate crisis” and “climate emergency” falling in between. Moreover, we find no evidence for “climate crisis” or “climate emergency” eliciting more perceived urgency than “climate change” or “global warming.” Rated willingness to support climate-friendly policies and eat less red meat were less affected by presented terms, but they were lowest for “climate justice.” Although effects of terms on rated familiarity, concern, and perceived urgency varied by political leaning, “climate justice” generally received the lowest ratings on these variables among Democrats, Republicans, and Independent/others. Auxiliary analyses found that when terms were unfamiliar, participants were generally less likely to express concern, urgency, policy support, or willingness to eat less red meat. We therefore recommend sticking with familiar terms, conclude that changing terminology is likely not the key solution for promoting climate action, and suggest alternative communication strategies.