Effects Of Strength Training Program Research Articles

Effects of a Strength Training Program on Basic Basketball Skills in Wheelchair Basketball Players

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an upper extremity strength training program on basic basketball skills in wheelchair basketball players. The study consisted of a total of 27 wheelchair basketball players (15 in the training group and 12 in the control group). The basic basketball skills were assessed at the beginning and end of the training program with a slalom test, slalom with ball test, layup test, zone shot test, two-point shot test, and pass for accuracy test. The warm-up part of the strength training included the use of wheelchair and passing exercises with a basketball. The special strength program was applied to the training group three times a week for eight weeks. The control group continued with the routine education program. While there was a statistically significant difference in the slalom, slalom with ball, zone shot, and four-meter and eight-meter pass for accuracy tests in the training group (p0.05). It was determined that the basic basketball skills test of the control group did not yield a difference (p>0.05). At the conclusion this research, it was determined that the upper extremity strength training program planned for wheelchair basketball players for eight weeks positively affected their basic basketball skills. It may be recommended to include this program in the warm-up session of the training program in order to improve sportive performance.

Effects of strength training program in the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain

Low back pain is defined as any pain that occurs between the last costal arch and the lower gluteal fold, and may have different intensities and durations, being considered chronic if it lasts for more than 12 weeks, becoming non-specific if its cause is not identified, compromising the quality of life of affected individuals. Currently, Strength Training (TF) has been included in the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain, in order to improve the condition of people suffering from this condition. Thus, the objective of this research was to verify the impact of PT on the treatment of low back pain, highlighting the main aspects based on the inclusion of this practice in everyday life, showing the benefits arising from this method. For the present study, a review of scientific articles was carried out using the PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases to complement information on low back pain and PD. Several evidences were found that positively contribute to the improvement of low back pain with the use of PT in pain conditions, increased functional capacity, improvement in activities of daily living (ADL), gain in muscular resistance, strength and hypertrophy, in addition to individuals showing themselves more active. It is concluded that TF proved to be effective in the treatment of non-specific chronic low back pain, improving its symptoms such as pain and disability, however, if applied by an unqualified professional and incorrectly, it can be harmful to health.

TREINAMENTO DE FORÇA, SONO E SAÚDE MENTAL EM JOVENS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Introduction: Sleep and psychological problems are bidirectional, with studies reporting that people suffering from mental health disorders are also sleep-deprived. In this context, there is a window of knowledge investigating the relationship between strength training, sleep, and mental health, especially in young populations. Objective: To conduct a systematic review on the effects of strength training (ST) on sleep and mental health in young people. Methods: A systematic review of Level I studies was carried out through a systematic search in the databases PubMed, Bireme, Scielo, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies examining the effects of strength training on sleep and mental health in youth, published through 2022, were included. Rayyan software was used for export, data analysis, and study selection. Trial quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. Results: ST in young people can improve mental health without affecting sleep quality. Both studies responded positively to six of the eight JBI questions, thus being of good quality. Conclusions: ST performance, especially considering the intensity of training, with a minimum frequency of twice a week, reduces anxiety and depression in young people by improving sleep quality, requiring further studies (randomized clinical trials) that can clarify the possible effects of ST programs on sleep and mental health in this population.

Effects of Strength Training on Physical Fitness of Olympic Combat Sports Athletes: A Systematic Review.

This review aimed to identify the effects of strength training programs on the physical fitness of Olympic combat sports (OCS) athletes. The systematic review included peer-reviewed articles that incorporated interventions that included pre- and post-intervention physical fitness assessment. The search was performed in the SCOPUS, PubMed, and Web of Science databases between April and September 2022. PRISMA and the TESTEX checklist were used to select and assess the methodological quality of the studies. Twenty studies with 504 participants (428 males and 76 females) were included. Significant improvements were found in athletes' maximal dynamic and isometric strength, muscle power, flexibility, and balance. In addition, improvements in favor of the training groups in specific actions of judo, karate, fencing, and boxing were observed. In conclusion, interventions aimed at the development of muscle strength in OCS, specifically in judo, boxing, karate, wrestling, and fencing, proved to be beneficial at a physical fitness level, resulting in significant increases in favor of the training groups with OCS, which could be used by trainers and coaches to improve the physical performance of athletes.

Effect of muscle strength training in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effects of strength training program in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy to improve function, activity, and participation. Data sources: Five electronic databases (MEDLINE-Pubmed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched for full-text articles published from inception to 30 June 2021. Review methods: Randomized controlled trials were included, who compared: (i) child population with spastic cerebral palsy population between 0 and 22 years; (ii) studies in which a muscle strength training program was performed and included dosing information; (iii) studies comparing strength training with other physical therapy technique(s) or untreated control group. Studies with similar outcomes were pooled by calculating standardized mean differences. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias and PROSPERO’s registration number ID: CRD42020193535. Results: Twenty-seven studies, comprising 847 participants with spastic cerebral palsy. The meta-analyses demonstrated significant standardized mean differences in favor of strength training program compared to other physical therapy technique(s) or untreated control group(s) for muscle strength at the knee flexors, at the knee extensor, at the plantarflexors, maximum resistance, balance, gait speed, GMFM (global, D and E dimension) and spasticity. Conclusion: A strength training program has positive functional and activity effects on muscle strength, balance, gait speed, or gross motor function without increasing spasticity for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I, II, and III when adequate dosage and specific principles are utilized.

A 16-week intervention on mood and life quality in elderly: testing two exercise programs

The purpose was to examine the effects of strength training program (STP) and multi-component training program (MTP) on mood states in physically active elderly. Thirty Brazilian elderly (female=21; male=9) aged between 65 and 75 years (66.9±4.1) with Body Mass Index (BMI) ranging from 25.6 to 31.0 kg/m2 (28.3±1.2), were enrolled for research. The elderly were randomly assigned into two groups: Strength Training Program (STP; age=66.7±4.4 years, BMI=28.2±1.3 kg/m2) and Multi-Component Program (MTP; age=67.1±3.9 years, BMI=28.5±1.0 kg/m2). STP group performed three 1-hour sessions per week, working at a range of 3 sets, 8-10 repetitions, and 2-minute recovery between sets and exercises. MTP group performed two different types of exercise sessions: a) 50 minutes of Zumba©, followed by 5-10 minutes of dynamic stretching exercises; b) 40 minutes of body-weight dynamic and static exercises, as well as agility and balance movements. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) was applied to assess mood at baseline and post-intervention. No significant interaction or main effect for group and time was showed for six factors of the POMS. However, the magnitude-based inference showed that MTP is likely beneficial to reduce fatigue. On the other hand, MTP is possibly harmful to increase confusion and to reduce vigor when compared to STP. In practical terms, we can conclude that older people physically active seems to attain an adaptation in mood responses minimizing the additional effects of STP and MTP.

Effects of Strength Training Program and Infrared Thermography in Soccer Athletes Injuries.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a periodized strength training program and the use of infrared thermography (IRT) in injuries mapping in under 20-year-old (U-20) soccer players. In this study, 26 professional soccer players participated in strength training (ST) twice a week and were tested with IRT consistently across the 1-year. Strength, vertical jump, heat differences and injuries were tracked and analyzed. Results: 69 injuries occurred during 12 months of tracking; most identified injuries were: contusions, sprains, strains to the thigh (n = 16), ankle (n = 15) and knee (n = 12). Differences (>7 °C) in IRT patterns were noted among injured and non-injured athletes. Significant improvements in strength (p < 0.005) were found for vertical jump, bench press, front lat pull down, shoulder press, leg press, leg curl and squat. Number of injuries decreased from 23 (33.3%) to 14 (20.3%) when early year rates were compared to late year (p < 0.005). Combined ST and IRT represent useful strategies for reducing injuries among U-20 soccer players.

The Effect of Strength Training Programme in the Enhancement of Trunk and Hip Muscles Activations among Healthy Females Subject

Research has illustrated that the risk of lower back pain (LBP) among women population is signi?cantly higher owing to the hormonal and reproductive factors such as irregular or prolonged menstrual cycle and hysterectomy. The trunk and hip muscles are regarded as the most affected muscles in LBP patients and as such precise training of these muscles could be of value to the patients. Diverse exercises programmes exist, yet, the appropriate training that could be suitable in stimulating certain groups of muscles for a specified gender remains a challenge. As a result, this study aims to determine the efficacy of a strength training programme (STTP) in improving and stimulating the trunk and hips muscles of female’s subjects. 25 healthy females with normal BMI and ages range from 19 to 24 years performed five sets of strength exercises three times a week for five weeks. Electromyography (EMG) data were collected from 5 muscles of rectus abdominis, external oblique, multifidus, gluteus maximus and gluteus medius. The readings from the EMG were compared after the five weeks interventions (pre and post). An independent t-test was administered to the data collected to study the effectiveness of the STTP between pre and post on the trained muscles. A statistically significant difference of muscle activations between the pre and post on all the assessed muscles were obtained p < 0.05. The finding suggests that STTP intervention is effective in stimulating the females’ pelvic muscles activations. STTP could be a viable means for prevention and rehabilitation of LBP.

Effects of Strength Training on Running Economy in Highly Trained Runners: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials.

Balsalobre-Fernández, C, Santos-Concejero, J, and Grivas, GV. Effects of strength training on running economy in highly trained runners: a systematic review with meta-analysis of controlled trials. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2361-2368, 2016-The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials to determine the effect of strength training programs on the running economy (RE) of high-level middle- and long-distance runners. Four electronic databases were searched in September 2015 (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, and CINAHL) for original research articles. After analyzing 699 resultant original articles, studies were included if the following criteria were met: (a) participants were competitive middle- or long-distance runners; (b) participants had a V[Combining Dot Above]O2max >60 ml·kg·min; (c) studies were controlled trials published in peer-reviewed journals; (d) studies analyzed the effects of strength training programs with a duration greater than 4 weeks; and (e) RE was measured before and after the strength training intervention. Five studies met the inclusion criteria, resulting in a total sample size of 93 competitive, high-level middle- and long-distance runners. Four of the 5 included studies used low to moderate training intensities (40-70% one repetition maximum), and all of them used low to moderate training volume (2-4 resistance lower-body exercises plus up to 200 jumps and 5-10 short sprints) 2-3 times per week for 8-12 weeks. The meta-analyzed effect of strength training programs on RE in high-level middle- and long-distance runners showed a large, beneficial effect (standardized mean difference [95% confidence interval] = -1.42 [-2.23 to -0.60]). In conclusion, a strength training program including low to high intensity resistance exercises and plyometric exercises performed 2-3 times per week for 8-12 weeks is an appropriate strategy to improve RE in highly trained middle- and long-distance runners.

Effects of strength training program on hip extensors and knee extensors strength of lower limb in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine whether strength training programs for hip extensors and knee extensors improve gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy in Myanmar. [Subjects and Methods] Forty children (25 boys and 15 girls, mean age: 6.07 ± 2.74 years) from National Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar, who had been diagnosed with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy, Gross Motor Classification System I and II participated in a 6-week strength training program (45 minutes per day, 3 days per week) on hip and knee extensors. Assessment was made, before and after intervention, of the amount of training weight in pounds, as well as Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) dimensions D (standing) and E (walking, running, jumping). [Results] All scores had increased significantly after the strength-training program. [Conclusion] A simple method of strength-training program for hip and knee extensors might lead to improved muscle strength and gross motor function in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

Effects of Strength Training Program on Shoulder External Rotators Muscle and Joint Balance

Effects of Strength Training Program on Shoulder External Rotators Muscle and Joint Balance

Acute Effects of Strength Training Programs on Vertical Jump and Technical Actions in Handball during Preseason

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the acute effects of hypertrophic strength training programs on the vertical jump and technical actions in small-sided handball games during preseason. 12 senior male players (M age = 22.2 yr., SD = 3.4) participated in 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 small-sided games preceded by no strength training or upper limbs/ lower limbs/ upper+lower limbs strength training. The results showed that strength training affected the vertical jump performance and the effectiveness of some skills. The higher physiological stimuli during 3 × 3 games promoted the deterioration of some skills' proficiency, mainly during small-sided games with preceding strength training. The 6 × 6 games elicited higher cooperation and interaction between players and potentiated the vertical jump performance after strength training. Thus, when training sessions are focused on the development of skills performance, combining hypertrophic strength training with 3 × 3 games may be detrimental. On the other hand, ...

The Effectiveness of Traditional and Sling Exercise Strength Training in Women

Strength training often combines closed-kinetic-chain exercises (CKCEs) and open kinetic-chain exercises (OKCEs). The CKCE may be more effective for improving performance in lower-body training. Recently, we reported upper-body CKCE (using a commercially available system of ropes and slings, Redcord AS, Staubo, Norway) was as effective as OKCE training for strength gains and that CKCE was more effective than OKCE for improving throwing performance. To our knowledge the effectiveness of a strength training program that uses exclusively CKCE is unknown. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of CKCE vs. OKCE strength training programs in women enrolled in an introductory strength training program. Twenty-six participants were randomized to OKCE (traditional exercises) or CKCE (sling-based exercises). Participants completed 6 sets per week for 13 weeks. Pre and posttraining evaluations included the following: 1 repetition maximum (1RM) leg and bench press; sling exercise push-ups; isokinetic dynamometry; lateral step-down test; and the Star Excursion Balance Test. Both groups significantly improved bench press (by an average of 4-6 kg) and leg press (by an average of 23-35 kg) (p < 0.001). There was a significant group × time interaction (p < 0.001) for sling exercise push-ups (OKCE pre = 5.5 ± 8.6, OKCE post = 6.1 ± 8.2, CKCE pre = 6.8 ± 6.0, CKCE post = 16.9 ± 6.6). Isokinetic measures of knee extension, knee flexion, shoulder internal rotation, and shoulder external rotation increased (improvements ranged from 2.7 to 27.7%), with no group differences. Both OKCE and CKCE strength training elicited similar changes in balance. We conclude that CKCE training is equally as effective as OKCE training during the initial phases of a strength training program in women. The fact that only CKCE improved sling exercise push-ups supports previous findings suggesting functional superiority of CKCE.

Effects of a Shoulder Injury Prevention Strength Training Program on Eccentric External Rotator Muscle Strength and Glenohumeral Joint Imbalance in Female Overhead Activity Athletes

Imbalance of the eccentrically-activated external rotator cuff muscles versus the concentrically-activated internal rotator cuff muscles is a primary risk factor for glenohumeral joint injuries in overhead activity athletes. Nonisokinetic dynamometer based strength training studies, however, have focused exclusively on resulting concentric instead of applicable eccentric strength gains of the external rotator cuff muscles. Furthermore, previous strength training studies did not result in a reduction in glenoumeral joint muscle imbalance, thereby suggesting that currently used shoulder strength training programs do not effectively reduce the risk of shoulder injury to the overhead activity athlete. Two collegiate women tennis teams, consisting of 12 women, participated in this study throughout their preseason training. One team (n = 6) participated in a 5-week, 4 times a week, external shoulder rotator muscle strength training program next to their preseason tennis training. The other team (n = 6) participated in a comparable preseason tennis training program, but did not conduct any upper body strength training. Effects of this strength training program were evaluated by comparing pre- and posttraining data of 5 maximal eccentric external immediately followed by concentric internal contractions on a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer (Chattecx Corp., Hixson, Tennessee). Overall, the shoulder strength training program significantly increased eccentric external total work without significant effects on concentric internal total work, concentric internal mean peak force, or eccentric external mean peak force. In conclusion, by increasing the eccentric external total exercise capacity without a subsequent increase in the concentric internal total exercise capacity, this strength training program potentially decreases shoulder rotator muscle imbalances and the risk for shoulder injuries to overhead activity athletes.

Changes in Aerobic and Anaerobic Power Indices in Elite Handball Players Following a 4-Week General Fitness Mesocycle

Changes in Aerobic and Anaerobic Power Indices in Elite Handball Players Following a 4-Week General Fitness Mesocycle The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 4-week training programme during the first phase of the preparation period on selected indices of somatic structure as well as aerobic and anaerobic power in elite handball players. Nine handball players from a first league team took part in the study; their average age was 25.5±3.7 years, body mass 86.5±7.6 kg (I session) and 87.9±7.3 kg (II session) (p&lt;0.01), lean body mass - 74.4±6.6 kg (I) and 76.2± 6.2 kg (II) (p&lt;0.01), body fat mass 12.1±3.1 kg (I) and 11.7±3.1 kg (II) respectively. Two evaluations were conducted - the first at the end of the season, the second at the initial phase of the preparation period. The second phase was preceded by a 4- week period of general endurance and strength training. Aerobic fitness was assessed indirectly, taking into account the results of the PWC170 test. The absolute and relative values of the PWC170 index increased significantly from 236.6 W to 269 W (p&lt;0.01) and from 2.73 W/kg to 3.06 W/kg (p&lt;0.01). The values of maximum oxygen uptake - VO2max were significantly improved from 3.65 l/min to 3.98 l/min (p&lt;0.01) and from 42.3 ml/kg/min to 45.4 ml/kg/min (p&lt;0.05). Anaerobic fitness was assessed using the 30-second Wingate test. A statistically significant improvement of the basic indices of aerobic fitness following the 4-week training programme proved its high effectiveness. Maintaining the level of the basic indices of anaerobic power despite the absence of specific training loads, seems to corroborate the strong effect of genetic factors on the level of anaerobic fitness and the effectiveness of strength training programs.

Evidence‐based physical therapy for the management of children with cerebral palsy

Developmental Medicine & Child NeurologyVolume 47, Issue 12 p. 795-795 Free Access Evidence-based physical therapy for the management of children with cerebral palsy Margaret Mayston, Margaret MaystonSearch for more papers by this author Margaret Mayston, Margaret MaystonSearch for more papers by this author First published: 13 February 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2005.tb01081.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 Damiano DJ. (2004) Physiotherapy management in cerebral palsy: Moving beyond philosophies. In: D. Scrutton, DJ. Damiano, MJ. Mayston, editors. Management of the Motor Disorders of Cerebral Palsy. Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 161 2nd edn. Mac Keith Press : London.p 161– 169. 2 Palisano R., Rosenbaum P., Walter S., Russell D., Wood E., Galuppi B. (1997) Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 39: 214– 223. 3 Coster W., Deeney TA., Haltiwanger JT., Haley SM. (1998) School Function Assessment: User's Manual. San Antonio , TX : Therapy Skill Builders. 4 World Health Organization. (2001) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. (ICF) Geneva : World Health Organization. 5 Rosenbaum P., Stewart D. (2004) The World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: a model to guide clinical thinking, practice and research in the field of cerebral palsy. Semin Pediatr Neurol 11: 5– 10. 6 Dodd KJ., Taylor NF., Damiano DJ. (2002) A systematic review of the effectiveness of strength training programs for people with cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83: 1157– 64. 7 Damiano DJ., Abel MF. (1998) Functional outcomes of strength training in spastic cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 79: 119– 125. 8 Schindl MR., Forstner C., Kern H., Hesse S. (2000) Treadmill training with partial body weight support in non-ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 81: 301– 306. Citing Literature Volume47, Issue12December 2005Pages 795-795 ReferencesRelatedInformation

MAXIMIZING STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT IN ATHLETES

The efficiency, safety, and effectiveness of strength training programs are paramount for sport conditioning. Therefore, identifying optimal doses of the training variables allows for maximal gains in muscular strength to be elicited per unit of time and also for the reduction in risk of overtraining and/or overuse injuries. A quantified dose-response relationship for the continuum of training intensities, frequencies, and volumes has been identified for recreationally trained populations but has yet to be identified for competitive athletes. The purpose of this analysis was to identify this relationship in collegiate, professional, and elite athletes. A meta-analysis of 37 studies with a total of 370 effect sizes was performed to identify the dose-response relationship among competitive athletes. Criteria for study inclusion were (a) participants must have been competitive athletes at the collegiate or professional level, (b) the study must have employed a strength training intervention, and (c) the study must have included necessary data to calculate effect sizes. Effect size data demonstrate that maximal strength gains are elicited among athletes who train at a mean training intensity of 85% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 2 days per week, and with a mean training volume of 8 sets per muscle group. The current data exhibit different dose-response trends than previous meta-analytical investigations with trained and untrained nonathletes. These results demonstrate explicit dose-response trends for maximal strength gains in athletes and may be directly used in strength and conditioning venues to optimize training efficiency and effectiveness.

Maximizing strength development in athletes: a meta-analysis to determine the dose-response relationship.

The efficiency, safety, and effectiveness of strength training programs are paramount for sport conditioning. Therefore, identifying optimal doses of the training variables allows for maximal gains in muscular strength to be elicited per unit of time and also for the reduction in risk of overtraining and/or overuse injuries. A quantified dose-response relationship for the continuum of training intensities, frequencies, and volumes has been identified for recreationally trained populations but has yet to be identified for competitive athletes. The purpose of this analysis was to identify this relationship in collegiate, professional, and elite athletes. A meta-analysis of 37 studies with a total of 370 effect sizes was performed to identify the dose-response relationship among competitive athletes. Criteria for study inclusion were (a) participants must have been competitive athletes at the collegiate or professional level, (b) the study must have employed a strength training intervention, and (c) the study must have included necessary data to calculate effect sizes. Effect size data demonstrate that maximal strength gains are elicited among athletes who train at a mean training intensity of 85% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 2 days per week, and with a mean training volume of 8 sets per muscle group. The current data exhibit different dose-response trends than previous meta-analytical investigations with trained and untrained nonathletes. These results demonstrate explicit dose-response trends for maximal strength gains in athletes and may be directly used in strength and conditioning venues to optimize training efficiency and effectiveness.