Effects Of Storage Treatments Research Articles

Storing cork oak (Quercus suber) seeds under different temperatures and the effect of storage treatments on the germination and growth of stored seeds

Storing cork oak (Quercus suber) seeds under different temperatures and the effect of storage treatments on the germination and growth of stored seeds

Effect of Storage Treatment on Small White Ginger Rhizome Viability

One problem for developing small white ginger (Zingiber officinale var. amarum) is theavailability of high quality rhizome seeds in right quantity and time. Seed rhizome will sproutquickly, and its quality will decreased in immature seed rhizome and in not good storage conditions.The main objective of the experiment was to study the best storage room conditions for storagerhizome seeds of small white ginger. The experiment was conducted in seed laboratory and storageroom of Research Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Bogor. The experiment wasconducted by randomized complete design with nine different storage, 3 replication and 25 sampleseach treatment. The treatments are 1) rhizome seeds storage in room temperature (control),(2)rhizome seeds storage in AC room (16–240C),(3) rhizome seed soaked in paclobutrazol 1000 ppmfor 4 hours then seeds storage in room temperature ( 4) put rhizome seeds in rack and cover bystraw, storage in room temperature (5) rhizome seed storage on straws in the greenhouse ( 6)rhizome seed storage in the greenhouse without straw ( 7) rhizome seed soaked in water during 1hour every month then dried naturally in 300C and storage in AC room (8) rhizome seed soakedin paclobutrazol 1000 ppm for 4 hour then storage in AC room ( 9) put rhizome in wood box andcover by rice straw and husk. Variables observed include moisture contents of ginger seed, lostweight of seed and germination percentage of rhizome seeds at the end of storage period. The resultof experiment indicated that the moisture content and weight rhizome seeds decrease after 2 months. After four months storage period, moisture content was still high above 80 %, exceptrhizome seeds in under ground. The rhizome seeds that store in AC room showed the bestperformance and thus, this treatment can be recommended for storage of small white gingerrhizome seeds for 4 months. The low moisture content (< 80%) of rhizome small white ginger seedswill decreased its viability.Keywords: Zingiber officinale var. amarum, seed, storage, viability

Storage Losses From Large Round Bales of Alfalfa, Tall Fescue, and Big Bluestem Hay

Abstract. An 18-month study was conducted to evaluate the effects of storage location, wrapping material, storage surface, and cover on losses of dry matter (DM) and nutrients from large round hay bales. The study consisted of (n=40 bales each) of alfalfa ( L.), tall fescue [ (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], and big bluestem () hay. Bales were wrapped with plastic twine or plastic net and stored indoors or outdoors. Bales stored outdoors were placed on soil or crushed rock with either no cover or thetophalf covered by a tarp. Bales were individually weighed and sampled at harvest and again after 6, 12, and 18 months of storage. Samples were analyzed for DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) values were calculated. After 18 months of storage, alfalfa and fescue hay stored inside had a greater (P<0.05) DM concentration and smaller (P<0.05) DM loss than hay stored outside. Storage location and/or treatment had no effect (P>0.05) on DM loss from big bluestem hay. Across all hay types, net-wrapped bales stored outside had numerically smaller DM loss than twine-wrapped bales; however, differences in most cases were not significant (P>0.05). Alfalfa bales stored outside on crushed rock had smaller (P<0.05) DM loss than those stored on soil 18 months after harvest. Storage surface had little or no effect on DM loss from tall fescue and big bluestem hay at any sampling time. Covering the top half of the bale consistently reduced DM loss from alfalfa and tall fescue hay stored outside, but had no effect (P>0.05) on storage losses from big bluestem hay. The effects of storage treatment on CP, NDF, ADF, and TDN were small and in most cases were not significant (P>0.05). The results of this study indicate that alfalfa hay should either be stored inside, or outside on rock with the top-half covered to minimize DM loss. Fescue and big bluestem hay can be stored outside with minimal losses using any of the storage treatments evaluated provided bales are stored on a well-drained surface. Keywords: Alfalfa, Big bluestem, Dry matter, Hay, Net-wrap, Quality, Round bales, Storage losses, Tall fescue.

Effect of storage treatments on wheat storage

Effect of storage treatments on wheat storage

Shelf-life and sensory assessments reveal the effects of storage treatments with 1-methylcyclopropene on new and established apples

Stanich, K., Cliff, M. A., Hampson, C. R. and Toivonen, P. M. A. 2014. Shelf-life and sensory assessments reveal the effects of storage treatments with 1-methylcyclopropene on new and established apples. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1427–1439. This research used shelf-life and sensory assessments to explore the influence of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on four apples (Aurora, Fuji, Nicola™, Salish™). Maturity (internal ethylene concentration, starch clearing index), quality (soluble solids, titratable acidity, firmness) and sensory determinations were conducted on fruit that had undergone air (AIR) or controlled atmosphere (CA) storage treatments with and without 1-MCP. Trained panelists evaluated apples, along with industry standards (Gala, McIntosh and either Fuji or Ambrosia), for eight attributes (crispness, hardness, juiciness, skin toughness, sweetness, tartness, sweet–tart balance and flavour). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and principal component analyses (PCA) to compare the treatment and cultivar responses. Cultivars responded very differently to CA and 1-MCP. Fruit from AIR with 1-MCP were very similar to CA fruit without 1-MCP; further improvements were not observed when 1-MCP was applied to CA fruit. PCA bi-plots of the shelf-life and sensory assessments revealed that treated Salish™ fruits were more similar to one another than to cultivars from other treatments. This work successfully documented the unique changes associated with the use of 1-MCP on new and established apple cultivars. It will assist industry in applying appropriate storage practices for new and established apple cultivars.

Effect of Storage Treatments on Anthocyanin, Fumonisin B<sub>1</sub>, Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Content of Anthocyanin Extract from Purple Corn (<i>Zea may</i> L.) in North China

Effects of storage treatments on anthocyanin, fumonisin B1, aflatoxin B1 content of anthocyanin extract from purple corn were evaluated based on the harvest of 2008 and 2009 in north China. The anthocyanin content of anthocyanin extract from husk was 62.4 g/kg, being significant higher than that from cob and seed. The fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1 content of anthocyanin extract from the husk were 4.25 and 5.60 μg/kg, respectively, according with legislative limitation of USFDA. Moreover, the fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1 content of anthocyanin extract from the husk were lower than the maximum limitation of USFDA after each storage treatments. Therefore, the husk of the purple corn in north China was feasible for anthocyanin production due to its high anthocyanin content and low fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1 content.

Sample storage for soil enzyme activity and bacterial community profiles

Storage of samples is often an unavoidable step in environmental data collection, since available analytical capacity seldom permits immediate processing of large sample sets needed for representative data. In microbiological soil studies, sample pretreatments may have a strong influence on measurement results, and thus careful consideration is required in the selection of storage conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of prolonged (up to 16 weeks) frozen or air-dried storage for divergent soil materials. The samples selected to this study were mineral soil (clay loam) from an agricultural field, humus from a pine forest and compost from a municipal sewage sludge composting field. The measured microbiological parameters included functional profiling with ten different hydrolysing enzyme activities determined by artificial fluorogenic substrates, and structural profiling with bacterial 16S rDNA community fingerprints by amplicon length heterogeneity analysis (LH-PCR). Storage of samples affected the observed fluorescence intensity of the enzyme assay's fluorophor standards dissolved in soil suspension. The impact was highly dependent on the soil matrix and storage method, making it important to use separate standardisation for each combination of matrix type, storage method and time. Freezing proved to be a better storage method than air-drying for all the matrices and enzyme activities studied. The effect of freezing on the enzyme activities was small (< 20%) in clay loam and forest humus and moderate (generally 20–30%) in compost. The most dramatic decreases (> 50%) in activity were observed in compost after air-drying. The bacterial LH-PCR community fingerprints were unaffected by frozen storage in all matrices. The effect of storage treatments was tested using a new statistical method based on showing similarity rather than difference of results.

Estudio de la metodología aplicada para el cálculo del peso seco del cristalino como criterio de edad en la liebre ibérica (Lepus granatensis Rosenhauer, 1856).

The influence of handling and preservation processes on the physical appearance and dry weight of hare’s eye lenses as an age criterion was studied in Lepus granatensis. A methodological protocol is proposed as a conclusion. In total, 341 lenses were removed from 217 individuals collected in Navarra province. Two main storage treatments were employed: previously frozen or fresh; and two physical appearances were distinguished: shiny surface or undamaged, and dull surface or damaged. Lenses were dried and weighed following a standardised protocol and the effect of storage treatment on the physical appearance of the lenses was studied as well as the effect of this physical appearance on the final dry weight of lenses. No significant differences in dry weight between lenses from the same individual were found regardless of whether the lens was frozen or fresh. Freezing had a clear effect on the final physical appearance of lenses, and thus we suggest rejecting those samples presenting a dull surface after the preservation process. At the same time, there was a significant correlation between the time lenses had been kept frozen and the difference in dry weight compared to those preserved fresh.

Effects of storage treatment on fecal steroid hormone concentrations of a rodent, the Cape ground squirrel ( Xerus inauris)

Fecal steroid analysis is an increasingly common non-invasive technique used in both captive and field studies to measure an animal’s approximate hormonal levels and corresponding physiological state. Fecal collection in the field necessitates storage and transportation methods that will prevent the degradation of hormonal metabolites by fecal bacteria. To determine the most stable and therefore preferred method of storage, 48 fecal samples were collected from six captive female Cape ground squirrels ( Xerus inauris). Each sample was randomly divided into three sub-samples to be processed for storage through freezing, drying, or preservation in ethanol. Frozen samples were stored at −20 °C, dried-treated samples were desiccated in a conventional oven at 40 °C for 4 h, and alcohol-treated samples were preserved in 3 ml of 95% ethanol. Samples were stored for 330 days followed by enzyme immunoassay analysis (EIA) to determine their progestogen and estrone conjugate (E 1C) concentrations. Validations were performed to establish that the progestogen and E 1C assays accurately measure fecal progestogen and estrone conjugate concentrations and were sensitive enough to detect biologically meaningful differences in these steroid metabolite concentrations in female X. inauris. Validation results showed a significant difference in progestogen concentrations of gravid females compared to sub-adults and non-gravid females. There was also a significant difference in estrone conjugates between sub-adult and adult females. Duration of storage time did not affect progestogen or estrone metabolite concentrations after being frozen for 3 months. Storage treatment results showed no significant difference between frozen and dried samples, but a significant difference was found between frozen and ethanol samples in both progestogen and estrone conjugate concentrations demonstrating that drying feces provides a reliable method for long-term preservation of fecal steroid concentrations and is the better alternative when freezing is not a viable option.

Effects of Frozen and Refrigerated Storage on Organic Acid Profiles of Goat Milk Plain Soft and Monterey Jack Cheeses

The effects of 6 mo of freezing and refrigeration on organic acid profiles of 2 types of goat milk cheese [plain soft (PS) and Monterey Jack (MJ)] were studied in comparison with those of a nonfrozen control (NFC). Three lots of commercial PS cheeses were purchased, and 3 lots of MJ cheeses were manufactured at the University dairy plant. Each lot of the 2 types of cheeses was subdivided into 4 equal portions, and one subsample of each cheese was immediately stored at 4°C as the NFC for 0, 14, and 28 d. The other 3 were immediately frozen (−20°C) for 0, 3, and 6 mo (0MF, 3MF, and 6MF) and subsequently thawed the next day at 4°C. The samples were then stored at 4°C for 0, 14, and 28 d. Organic acids were quantified using an HPLC. The PS had no pyruvic acid, and MJ contained no isotartaric acid; however, several unknown large peaks appeared between propionic and butyric acids. Differences in organic acid contents between PS and MJ cheeses were significant for all acids except citric and lactic acid. Lot effect was significant for most of the known acids, indicating that variations existed in milk composition and manufacturing parameters. Effects of storage treatments (NFC, 0MF, 3MF, and 6MF) were significant for most organic acids, except for orotic and a few unidentified acids. Aging at 4°C for 4 wk had little influence on all organic acids, except butyric acid. Concentrations of butyric, lactic, propionic, tartaric, and uric acids were significantly elevated as the frozen storage period advanced. At the initial stage, there were no differences in pH and acid degree values between NFC and frozen-stored groups of both cheeses. However, acid degree values gradually increased as the refrigerated storage extended up to 4 wk, indicating that lipolysis increased as the refrigeration storage at 4°C advanced. Although levels of several organic acids were changed in the goat cheeses, the prolonged frozen storage, up to 6 mo, was apparently feasible for extending storage.

Ammonium assimilation in Pinus radiata seedlings: effects of storage treatments, transplanting stress and water regimes after planting under simulated field conditions

This study is concerned with the effects of storage conditions, planting shock and water availability at planting sites on nitrogen assimilation in Pinus radiata. Seedlings were stored for 1, 8 or 15 days at 4 or 10 °C with or without soil around the roots and afterwards planted in well-irrigated or dry soils. Our analysis of protein content and the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; EC 1.4.1.2) showed that, as storage duration increased, there was a gradual reduction in soluble protein content and an inhibition of GS, whereas GDH activity increased. Thus there appears to be a close relationship between desiccation and changes in nitrogen assimilation. These effects were more pronounced in bare-root seedlings than in seedlings with soil around the roots, indicating that the rooting-plug medium provides protection against desiccation. Seedlings were susceptible to planting shock even under well-watered conditions. Drought enhanced the severity of planting shock and both protein content (80%) and GS activity (75%) were drastically reduced when water was withheld, whereas GDH activity increased by more than 170%. Thus, the decline in needle relative water content (RWC) appeared closely related to a decrease in protein content and GS activity, and on the other hand, to an increase in GDH. There was a remarkable recovery of these parameters after rewatering, depending however, on stock quality at the moment of planting.

Lipid composition of potatoes as affected by storage and potassium fertilization

The effects of storage treatments and potassium fertilization on the phospholipid, triglyceride and free fatty acid content of Russet Burbank potatoes were determined. Thin-layer chromatography of the lipids indicated at least 18 types of lipids were present. Eight were phospholipids which were the predominant lipid class in the potatoes. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid comprise the major phospholipids. A large increase in phosphatidic acid and a decrease in phosphatidylcholine were observed in potatoes stored at 5.6 C (42 F). Potatoes fertilized with 240 lbs of potassium (calculated as K2O) had a higher content of triglycerides compared to potatoes with no fertilization. Potatoes stored at 5.6 C (42 F) exhibited a decrease in triglyceride and phospholipid content but the free fatty acids were increased. The various lipid contents of reconditioned potatoes were similar to those of freshly harvested potatoes.

Effects of storage treatments upon the ripening of conference pears

AbstractPreliminary work established the pattern of changes in the amounts and properties of soluble pectic polysaccharides in Conference pears during ripening at 10 °C.Conference pears were harvested on three dates and stored in air at −1 °C and in 2% O2 at −1 °C for various periods. They were ripened on removal from store at 18 °C. Chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations in the fruit peel and soluble polyuronide concentrations in whole fruit as well as general storage data were recorded.The lag in the ripening of pears at 18 °C after harvesting was abolished by storage at −1 °C. Softening and pectin changes were similar in all stored fruit samples irrespective of picking date, period of storage and whether stored in air or 2% O2. Storage in 2% O2 did retard breakdown slightly, however.The main effect of 2% O2 was that it reduced the rate of destruction of chlorophyll during storage. Higher levels of chlorophyll were found during ripening in fruit which had been stored in 2% O2 than in fruit stored in air.

Storage of hatching eggs

Synopsis An experiment is described which was designed to measure the effect on hatchability and chick quality of turning and the use of Cryovac bags during short‐and long‐term pre‐incubation storage of hatching eggs. It was also designed to explore the possibility that genotypes reacted in different ways to the same storage treatments. Hatching eggs of two genotypes were stored for 7, 14, 21 and 28 d after laying. The eggs were stored with or without turning and in air or in Cryovac bags at 11.1 °± 1.0° C. The whole experiment was replicated for each of four weekly hatches. It was found that the effect on hatchability and chick quality of storage treatments was different for the two genotypes. The differences were largely ones of magnitude rather than of direction of effect. Irrespective of the storage treatment, the longer the storage time the greater was the loss of embryos and chicks. In contrast to previous findings, the effects of storage treatments were found at all stages of incubation and not at one or two specific stages. Turning compared to no turning of hatching eggs during storage reduced the loss of embryos and chicks at all stages of incubation. For one genotype, loss of embryos and chicks at all stages of incubation was reduced by storage in Cryovac whilst for the other genotype there was no such reduction and the proportion of cull chicks was increased by this treatment. There was little evidence of an additive effect on incubation results by the combination of turning and storage in Cryovac bags.

Storage of hatching eggs

Synopsis An experiment is reported in which hatching eggs were stored in a room at 12.7° ± 1.1° C. for up to 3 weeks after storage on the farm for 2 to 5 days. The eggs were stored in the room on keyes trays in part open‐sided wooden boxes or in sealed Cryovac bags or in sealed Cryovac bags flushed out with nitrogen before sealing. It was found that the normal decline in hatchability with storage time was reduced by storage in bags. There was no difference in hatchability between bags with or without nitrogen though there was an indication that the proportion of cull chicks at hatching was reduced by storage in bags flushed out with nitrogen for eggs stored more than 8 days. The effect on hatchability of the storage in bags is pinpointed as resulting from reduced embryonic loss between fertilisation and the 2nd day of incubation. This disagrees with a previous result and it is suggested that differences in genetic origin of eggs may account for differences in time of effect of storage treatment.