Effects Of Specific Products Research Articles

Carbon monoxide and multi‐pollutants flow between China and India: A multiregional input–output model

AbstractThis study aims to analyse the spatial and temporal characteristics of the transfer of pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), non‐methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NOX), and particulate matter with particle size below 10 microns (PM10), which are embodied in the bilateral trade between China and India, and the transfer paths between various industries. A multiregional input–output model (MRIO) is constructed based on the EORA Database to track the economic connections and the effects of specific products across regional supply chains. The empirical results indicate the following significant findings. China is a net exporter of embodied pollutants in bilateral trade, and India is a net importer. CO accounted for the most significant amount of pollutants emitted by the bilateral trade between China and India. The energy intensity has mainly adverse effects on emissions of six pollutants, while the consumption scale has overall positive effects. Metal products and mining and quarrying are the top two industries producing the highest emissions at the export ends. The emissions of certain pollutants, such as SO2, are also particularly pronounced in individual sectors. Construction and electrical and machinery are the highest CO‐importing sectors of China and India.

SURFACE-WASHING AGENTS: PRODUCT EVALUATIONS, CASE HISTORIES, AND GUIDELINES FOR USE IN MARINE AND FRESHWATER HABITATS

ABSTRACT Surface-washing agents (SWAs) are chemicals that are used to enhance oil removal from substrates. These products have been used infrequently because the incident-specific Regional Response Team (RRT) has to concur with the use of chemical agents, and there is very limited, and difficult to understand, information available on the effectiveness and effects of specific products. To address these problems, information on SWAs currently listed on the National Contingency Plan (NCP) Product Schedule was compiled, evaluated, and summarized. The following tools were developed to assist responders in evaluating appropriateness of use and selection of specific SWA products:Summaries of the mechanism of action, when to use, authority required for use, general application requirements, health and safety issues, limiting factors, and environmental concerns to assist in determining when and how to use SWAsProduct-specific information needed by responders to select the most appropriate products in an easy-to-use format comparing the key characteristics of each listed productSuggested monitoring plans and strategies for operational use of SWAs Case histories of all documented SWA use during spills also are included to build the knowledge base and promote the effective use of SWA technology.