Effects Of Soybean Oil Supplementation Research Articles

Effect of lipid-enriched diet associated with bovine recombinant somatotropin on superovulation response and embryo recovery in heifers

The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of soybean oil supplementation associated with the administration of bovine recombinant somatotropin (rBST) on the population of ovarian follicles, standardization of both the superovulation response and embryo recovery in heifers. We used 40 Holstein heifers submitted to a 2 × 2 factorial, forming the experimental groups: DC-SL (control diet plus saline solution application); OL-SL (diet with soybean oil plus saline application); DC-rBST (control diet plus application of 320 mg rBST) and OL-rBST (diet with soybean oil plus the application of 320 mg rBST). The animals received two applications of 500 mg of PGF2α for estrus synchronization and were superovulated with 400 IU of FSH in decreasing daily doses for four consecutive days. On the day before the start of superovulation, the two largest follicles were punctured to quantify the intrafollicular concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Embryo collection took place seven days after the first insemination. There were no differences between the treatments adopted regarding follicular activity, P4 concentration, and superovulation response. The OL-rBST's corpus luteum (CL) area and HDL intrafollicular (4.67 ± 0.67 cm$^{2}$, 53.67 ± 10.35 mg/dL, respectively) were significantly higher than the OLSL treatment. Soybean oil supplementation in the diet associated with the administration of rBST did not provide uniformity in the superovulation response and the embryonic recovery of heifers.

Has the soybean oil supplementation effect on milk production, feed efficiency, and grazing behavior of Girolando cows under moderate heat stress in western Amazonia?

The effect of soybean oil supplementation in the diet of early lactating Girolando cows under moderate heat stress were studied in a grazing trial. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, feed efficiency, and grazing behavior (during daytime and nighttime) were evaluated in two groups of eight crossbred Girolando (Holstein × Gyr) cows grazing palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha syn. Brachiaria brizantha) with initial means of 53±33 days in lactation and 22.6±3 kg of milk day-1. They were arranged in a 2×2 crossover trial with two supplements (with or without soybean oil), two genetic groups and two periods. During the experimental period, the mean of temperature and humidity index (THI) was 75.11, suggesting moderate heat stress. Total DMI was based on fecal production estimated by LIPE® and the diet in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD). Grazing behavior was assessed for 48 hours by acoustic data collected with MP3 recorders. Soybean oil supplementation had no significant effects on all variables evaluated in this study. Averages of individual milk yield and total DMI were 19.26 kg day-1 and 15.32 kg DM day-1, respectively. Under moderate heat stress, oil supplementation did not change grazing behavior, dry matter intake, or milk yield in early lactating Girolando cows.

Soybean oil supplementation for sows in the first three days after farrowing

ABSTRACT One of the main causes of death in newborn piglets is the low level of energy reserves to maintain their body temperature, which can lead to hypothermia and, subsequently, death. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soybean oil supplementation to sows in the first three days after farrowing to save piglet fat reserves through the higher nutritional intake of sow milk. In total, 604.5, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 g of soybean oil were provided for each sow during the three days of supplementation. A total of 60 sows were evaluated per treatment, distributed in a random block design, supplemented in the first three days after farrowing with soybean oil added on top of the feed at the time of feeding. Performance and reproductive data and milk samples were collected from the sows to determine fat levels. Piglets were evaluated for fall-back rate and survival. There was no significant effect of soybean oil supplementation on any of the parameters evaluated for both sows and their milk. Therefore, soybean oil supplementation for sows in the first three days after farrowing does not influence performance parameters, reproduction and milk fat of the sows and mortality and fall-back rate of the piglets.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SOYBEAN OIL ON MICE LUNG TISSUE INJURY AND ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE INDUCED BY BISPHENOL A

Objective: To evaluate histomorphological effects of Soybean oil supplementation on lung tissue injury and alveolar hemorrhage induced by Bisphenol A (BPA).
 Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Anatomy department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi and National Institute of Health, Islamabad, from Nov 2015 to Nov 2016.
 Methodology: Forty (40) healthy BALB/c mice of 9-11 weeks of age, weighing between 30-37gm were housed in a controlled environment at National Institute of Health. Group 1 (10) was control group. Group 2 (10) was given a daily dose of 50 milligram/kilogram body weight of Bisphenol A and group 3 (10) was given a daily dose of 500 milligram of Soybean oil and group 4 (10) was concurrently given Bisphenol A and Soybean oil with daily doses of 50 milligram/kilogram body weight and 500 milligrams. After a period of 8 weeks, animals were dissected 24 hours after receiving the last dosage. Lung wet weight, animal weight and relative body tissue weight index (RTBWI) were calculated. Tissue processing & staining was done. Alveolar hemorrhage was histomorphologically and statistically analysed using SPSS-21.
 Results: On microscopic examination, alveolar hemorrhage (AH) was observed in 10 (100%) group 2 specimens with increase in RTBWI and whereas only 5 (50%) of group 4 specimens had alveolar hemorrhage with slight improvement in relative body tissue weight index (RTBWI).
 Conclusion: Bisphenol A (BPA) induced lung injury as evident by intraalveolar hemorrhage, blood vessel congestion and increased RTBWI ratio were ameliorated by concomitant administration of Soybean oil.

Effect of Soybean Oil Supplementation on Milk Production, Digestibility, and Metabolism in Dairy Goats under Thermoneutral and Heat Stress Conditions.

Simple SummaryHeat stress (HS) not only reduces milk yield but also depresses its contents of fat and protein, which might negatively impact cheese making. Dietary supplementation with soybean oil (SBO) could increase milk fat and improve milk fatty acid (FA) profiles in dairy goats. In the present study dairy goats were exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 15 to 20 °C) or HS (12 h/d at 37 °C and 12 h/d at 30 °C) conditions. In each ambient temperature, goats were fed a control diet (CON) or the same diet supplemented with SBO. Goats in HS suffered depressed feed intake and milk production, but they had greater digestibility coefficients compared to TN goats. Regardless of the HS treatment, goats supplemented with SBO produced milk with greater contents of fat, monounsaturated FA, and conjugated linoleic acid, without any negative effects on milk protein content. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with soybean oil was a useful strategy to increase milk fat and improve its fatty acid profile. Both TN and HS goats responded to soybean oil supplementation similarly since the interaction between soybean oil supplementation and temperature treatment was not significant.In a previous work, we observed that heat-stressed goats suffer reductions in milk yield and its contents of fat and protein. Supplementation with soybean oil (SBO) may be a useful strategy to enhance milk quality. In total, eight multiparous Murciano–Granadina dairy goats (42.8 ± 1.3 kg body weight; 99 ± 1 days of lactation) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four periods; 21 d each (14 d adaptation, 5 d for measurements and 2 d transition between periods). Goats were allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were no oil (CON) or 4% of soybean oil (SBO), and controlled thermal neutral (TN; 15 to 20 °C) or heat stress (HS; 12 h/d at 37 °C and 12 h/d at 30 °C) conditions. This resulted in four treatment combinations: TN-CON, TN-SBO, HS-CON, and HS-SBO. Compared to TN, HS goats experienced lower (p < 0.05) feed intake, body weight, N retention, milk yield, and milk protein and lactose contents. However, goats in HS conditions had greater (p < 0.05) digestibility coefficients (+5.1, +5.2, +4.6, +7.0, and +8.9 points for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, respectively) than TN goats. The response to SBO had the same magnitude in TN and HS conditions. Supplementation with SBO had no effects on feed intake, milk yield, or milk protein content. However, SBO supplementation increased (p < 0.05) blood non-esterified fatty acids by 50%, milk fat by 29%, and conjugated linoleic acid by 360%. In conclusion, feeding 4% SBO to dairy goats was a useful strategy to increase milk fat and conjugated linoleic acid without any negative effects on intake, milk yield, or milk protein content. These beneficial effects were obtained regardless goats were in TN or HS conditions.

Soybean oil supplementation and alfalfa hay inclusion in starter feed of Holstein dairy calves: growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and urinary purine derivatives

Forty newborn Holstein female calves (BW = 39.9 ± 2.1 kg) were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups (each consisting of 10 animals) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of supplemental soybean oil [0 vs. 3% soybean oil (SBO) on dry matter basis] and forage level [0 vs. 15% alfalfa hay (AH) on dry matter basis] to evaluate the interaction effect of supplemental fat and forage feeding level in starter feed of dairy calves. Treatments were; (1) neither SBO supplementation nor AH inclusion (NSBO-NAH); (2) SBO supplementation but no AH included (SBO-NAH); (3) no SBO supplementation but AH included (NSBO-AH); and (4) SBO supplementation with AH (SBO-AH). Calves had ad-libitum access to water and starters throughout the study and weaned on day 63 of age but remained in the study until day 73 of age. The results showed that SBO supplementation reduced starter intake, average daily gain (tendency) and faecal consistency compared to un-supplemented diets. The lowest digestibility for neutral detergent fibre and crude protein, as well as the lowest wither height and volatile fatty acid production, were found for SBO-AH diet among experimental treatments. Moreover, the lowest urinary purine derivatives excretion but the highest urinary nitrogen excretion found in SBO-AH diet indicated the lowest nitrogen utilisation efficiency among experimental treatments. In summary, based on the current study condition, because the negative effects of SBO supplementation were exacerbated when AH was incorporated in the starter feed, concurrent feeding of SBO and AH is not recommendable in young calves. HIGHLIGHTS Supplemental soybean oil and alfalfa hay inclusion in starter feed of dairy calves was evaluated. Supplementation of SBO reduced crude protein digestibility and ruminal propionate concentration and caused looser faecal consistency. The inclusion of AH exacerbated the negative effects of SBO supplementation on ruminal fermentation and microbial activity. Concurrent supplementation of SBO and AH inclusion is not recommendable in dairy calves.

Soybean oil attenuates the onset of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and insulin resistance

AbstractBackground and Aims:General overnutrition, and a diet rich in fat and sugar are among the key risk factors for the development of metabolic diseases including diabetes type 2 and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). While being among the most commonly consumed oils world-wide, the effects of soybean oil on the development of metabolic diseases are yet not understood. Indeed, existing data is in part contradictory. Based on this background, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of soybean oil consumption on the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the more progressed stage of NAFLD, and insulin resistance.Methods:Female C57BL/6J mice were fed either a liquid standard control diet (C) or a liquid fat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (FFC, 25E% butterfat, 50% (wt/wt) fructose, 0.155% (wt/wt) cholesterol) or a FFC supplemented with soybean oil (FFC + S, 21E% butterfat + 4E% soy oil), with FFC and FFC + S-fed groups being pair fed for 13 weeks to induce steatohepatitis. After 7 and 12 weeks of feeding, a glucose tolerance test was performed. Indicators of liver damage, inflammation, intestinal barrier function and markers of insulin signaling cascade were measured in intestinal, liver and muscle tissue.Results:As expected FFC-fed mice developed early signs of NASH and insulin resistance. Despite similar caloric intake and body weight gain, development of NASH and insulin resistance were significantly attenuated in FFC + S-fed mice when compared to FFC-fed animals. Indeed, signs of hepatic inflammation e.g. number of inflammatory foci and neutrophils as well as activity of transaminase in plasma were almost at the level of control in FFC + S-fed mice. Prevalence of macrovesicular steatosis being the predominant type of fat accumulation found in FFC-fed animals was also markedly lower in FFC + S-fed mice. Furthermore, while in muscle and liver tissue of FFC-fed mice insulin receptors mRNA expression was significantly different from C-fed animals, insulin receptors expression in FFC + S-fed mice was almost at the level of controls. The protective effects of soybean oil supplementation on the development of metabolic alterations were associated with a protection against the induction of TLR4 mRNA expression and dependent signaling molecules in liver tissue.Conclusion:Taking together, our results indicate that supplementation with soybean oil may attenuate the development of diet-induced NASH and insulin resistance in mice and that this may be related to alteration of TLR4-dependent signaling cascade in liver tissue. (Funded in parts by UFOP e.V.)

Butter fatty acid composition as a function of soybean oil supplementation and time of milking, and performance of Holstein x Gyr cows fed with chopped elephant grass-based diets

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of cows fed with a total mixed ration composed of elephant grass and a concentrate containing 0.0% (control), 1.5%, 3.0% or 4.5% soybean oil on a dry matter basis. The effect of milking time (morning versus afternoon) on butter fatty acid composition was also evaluated. Twelve multiparous Holstein x Gyr cows with an average milk production of 18.0±4.6 kg day-1 and 90±25 days in milk were used in a triplicated 4 x 4 Latin square experimental design with 15-day periods. Data were analyzed using mixed models. There was no effect of soybean oil supplementation on dry matter or neutral detergent fiber intake (P &gt; 0.05). The fat-corrected milk yield linearly decreased (P=0.0109) and the milk protein yield linearly increased (P=0.0023) in response to soybean oil supplementation. The butterfat trans-9 C18:1, cis-9 C18:1, trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA content linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05), whereas the C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 content linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.001) as the level of soybean oil in the diet increased. The butter produced from afternoon milk had a lower content of C16:0 and a higher content of cis-9 C18:1 (P &lt; 0.05). The supplementation of elephant grass-based-diets with soybean oil and, to a small extent, the selective segregation of milk obtained from afternoon milking sessions are strategies that can be used to improve the fatty acid composition of butterfat.

Effects of soybean oil supplementation on performance, digestion and metabolism of early lactation dairy cows fed sugarcane-based diets

Sugarcane is an important forage source for dairy cows in tropical countries. However, it provides limited digestible fiber and energy intake, and fat supplementation can be a way to increase energy density and decrease dietary, non-fiber carbohydrates concentrations. We aimed to evaluate the performance, digestion and metabolism of dairy cows in early lactation fed different concentrations of soybean oil (SBO) in sugarcane-based diets. Fourteen primiparous (545±17.2 kg of BW) and eight multiparous (629±26.7 kg BW) Holstein dairy cows were used according to a randomized block design. After calving, diets were randomly assigned to cows within the two parity groups. Diets were formulated with increasing concentrations of SBO (g/kg dry matter (DM)): control (0), low (LSBO; 15.7), medium (MSBO; 44.3) and high (HSBO; 73.4). The study was performed from calving until 84 days in milk, divided into three periods of 28 days each. Dry matter intake (DMI) was affected quadratically in response to SBO addition with the greatest and lowest values of 19.0 and 16.0 kg/day for LSBO and HSBO diets, respectively. The digestibility of potentially digestible NDF was quadratically affected by SBO with the greatest value of 623 g/kg for LSBO diet. Both milk and energy-corrected milk (ECM) production were quadratically affected by SBO inclusion, with greatest ECM values of 27.9 and 27.3 for LSBO and MSBO, respectively. Soybean oil inclusion linearly decreased milk fat concentration by 13.2% from control to HSBO. The CLA t10,c12-18:2 was observed in milk fat only for MSBO and HSBO diets. Soybean oil inclusion did not affect plasma glucose or serum concentrations of total proteins, globulins, albumin, urea nitrogen, beta-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids or insulin. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein increased with SBO supplementation. Soybean oil inclusion in sugarcane-based diets for early lactation dairy cows from 15.7 to 44.3 g/kg DM can improve energy intake and performance; however, at 44.3 g/kg DM milk fat concentration and ECM decreased. Soybean oil inclusion at 73.4 g/kg DM adversely affected energy intake, fiber digestion and performance of early lactation dairy cows and is not recommended.

Short-term effects of soybean oil supplementation on performance, digestion, and metabolism in dairy cows fed sugarcane-based diets

We aimed to quantify the productive and metabolic responses, and digestive changes in dairy cows fed various concentrations of soybean oil (SBO) in high-concentrate, sugarcane-based diets. Eight rumen-cannulated multiparous Holstein cows in mid lactation (574 ± 19.1 kg of body weight and 122 ± 6.9 d in milk), averaging 22.5 ± 1.22 kg/d of milk were assigned to replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares. The experimental period lasted 21 d as follows: 14 d for adaptation, followed by a sampling period from d 15 to 21. The diets were formulated with increasing concentrations of SBO [% of dry matter (DM)]: control (0%), low (LSBO; 1.57%), medium (MSBO; 4.43%), and high (HSBO; 7.34%). Dry matter intake decreased quadratically in response to SBO addition. The greatest decrease in DM intake was observed in MSBO and HSBO diets. Both milk and energy-corrected milk yield were quadratically affected by the SBO inclusion, with a slight decrease up to MSBO and substantial decrease in the HSBO diet. The milk fat concentration linearly decreased from 3.78% in the control to 3.50% in the HSBO diet. The potentially digestible neutral detergent fiber digestibility in the rumen decreased from 55.7% in the control to 35.2% in the HSBO diet. The fractional rate of digestion of potentially digestible neutral detergent fiber in the rumen decreased linearly from 3.13 to 1.39%/h from the control to HSBO diet. The fractional rate of indigestible neutral detergent fiber passage in the rumen was quadratically affected, with the lowest value (2.25%/h) for the HSBO diet. Rumen pH increased from 6.42 to 6.67, and ammonia nitrogen decreased from 28.1 to 21.4 mg/dL, in the control and HSBO diets, respectively. Rumen volatile fatty acids decreased quadratically, with the greatest decrease observed in MSBO and HSBO diets. Serum concentrations of glucose, fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate were unaffected by SBO inclusion. However, serum concentrations of total cholesterol and high- and low-density lipoproteins linearly increased with increasing concentrations of SBO in the diet. Inclusion of SBO at concentrations from 4.43 to 7.34% of the diet DM decreased DM intake, energy-corrected milk production, fiber digestibility, and rumen fermentation and was thus not recommended. Soybean oil supplementation at 1.57% of the diet DM proved to be a safe concentration for dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets with sugarcane as the sole forage.

Effects of feeding whole crop rice combined with soybean oil on growth performance, carcass quality characteristics, and fatty acids profile of Longissimus muscle and adipose tissue of pigs

This study was conducted to determine the effects of soybean oil supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acids composition in muscle and adipose tissue of pigs fed on whole crop rice (WCR, variety bc1). Forty-eight pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 36 kg) were randomly assigned to four treatments with three replications each. The diets included the ground WCR at levels of 0, 8, 12 or 16% and supplemented with soybean-oil at levels of 0, 2, 3 and 4 %, accordingly replacing the maize, and designated as control C, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. All pigs at about 90 kg were slaughtered to determine carcass quality and fatty acid composition. In growing period, the daily feed intake was significantly lower for pigs fed the diets containing WCR than for those on the control diets. The pigs on T3 diet had significantly lower average daily gain (735 g/day) than those on C (806 g/day), T1 (808 g/day) or T2 (827 g/day) diets ( P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in pigs on T1 (2.79) or T2 (2.72) diets than on the control (2.98) ( P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio among pigs on different diets in finishing period ( P > 0.05). The carcass characteristics did not differ among different treatments ( P > 0.05). The water holding capacity of loin muscle was significantly lower for pigs fed diets containing WCR than for those on the control ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in meat color, marbling, pH and cooking loss among pigs on different diets. The concentration of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) in back fat decreased significantly with the inclusion of soybean oil in the diet ( P < 0.05). The same trend was showed in Longissimus muscle, and SFA in T1 and MUFA in T3 were significantly lower than those in the control ( P < 0.05), respectively. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA were significantly higher in the Longissimus muscle and backfat of pigs fed diet with soybean oil and WCR than those in the control ( P < 0.05). The Longissimus muscle and back fat of pigs fed the diet with soybean oil and WCR were significantly higher in PUFA/SFA and lower in n-6/n-3 ratio than those of the control ( P < 0.05), with exception of the ratio of n-6/n-3 in muscle for T1. The study suggests that whole crop rice could be used as a feed ingredient for growing-finishing pigs with soybean-oil supplementation and that the treatment including soybean oil would improve the fatty acid profile of the carcass as food for humans.

Evaluation of Soybean Oil as a Lipid Source for Pig Diets

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of soybean oil supplementation replacing tallow in pig diets at different stages of growth. One hundred and twenty crossbred (LandracexYorkshirexDuroc) pigs weighing 18 kg on average were selected. Pigs were randomly allotted to 12 pens of 10 pigs (5 pigs of each sex) each. Three pens were assigned to each of the four treatments: TA; tallow diet, TA-SO-80; switched from tallow to soybean oil diet at 80 kg average body weight, TA-SO-45; switched from tallow to soybean oil diet at 45 kg average body weight, and SO; soybean oil diet. Treatment SO was significantly lower in ADG than tallow diets (TA, TA-SO-80 and TA-SO-45) during the grower period (18 to 45 kg). However, treatment SO showed greatest compensation in ADFI and ADG during the finisher-2 period (after 80 kg body weight). ADFI and ADG and Gain/Feed for the total period were not significantly different among treatments. Loin area, back fat thickness, firmness and melting point of back fat were not significantly different. The levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein+very low density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were significantly lower in treatment SO than in treatments TA-SO-45, TA-SO-80 and TA. The level of serum triglyceride linearly increased as the length of the tallow feeding period increased. Serum immunoglobulin-G (IgG) level was significantly higher in the soybean oil treatment than in other treatments. Major fatty acid composition of short rib muscle and back fat were significantly influenced by treatments. Contents of α-linolenic acid (C18:3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) linearly increased as the soybean oil feeding period increased. In conclusion, soybean oil can be supplemented to the diet of pigs without significant effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. The level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially ω-3 fatty acids in the carcass was increased by soybean oil supplementation.

Effect of soybean oil supplementation on milk fatty acid composition from Saanen goats fed diets with different forage:concentrate ratios

Twelve lactating Saanen goats were randomly assigned to four experimental diets, which differed in terms of forage:concentrate ratio and soybean oil supplementation. A 4×4 Latin square design was used. On a dry matter (DM) basis, forage:concentrate ratios were 63:37 (‘high-forage’ diet) and 35:65 (‘low-forage’ diet/high beet pulp). These diets were given either with oil (100 g·d-1) or without. The inclusion of soybean oil in the diet resulted in a significant increase in milk yield (but with HF diet) and in milk fat yield and concentration (P<0.05). Milk protein content remained unchanged across the diets. Milk protein yield was, however, higher for the high-forage diet containing added oil (forage × oil interaction, P<0.05). Soybean oil in the diet modified the milk fatty acid composition, reducing the levels of medium-chain and saturated fatty acids and increasing the levels of C18:2 n-6 and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The addition of soybean oil to the diet resulted in a significant increase in rumenic acid (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) and vaccenic acid (trans-11 C18:1) content in the milk fat. Interactions between forage and oil resulted in a significant increase in rumenic acid and vaccenic acid in animals fed a high-forage plus oil diet, and in trans-10 C18:1and trans-10, cis-12 CLA in animals fed a low-forage plus oil diet, probably due to a shift in the rumen’s biohydrogenation of linoleic acid.

Digestibilidade ileal e perdas endógenas de aminoácidos de dietas com óleo de soja para suínos em crescimento

Este trabalho foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de óleo de soja sobre as perdas endógenas e a digestibilidade ileal aparente e verdadeira dos aminoácidos em dietas para suínos em crescimento. Foram testadas quatro dietas isoprotéicas, à base de milho e farelo de soja, formuladas segundo as exigências para essa fase e suplementadas com níveis crescentes de óleo de soja (0,0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5%) e 0,25% de óxido crômico como indicador de indigestibilidade. Dezesseis suínos canulados (cânula T simples), com 48,0 ± 6,0 kg, foram distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com base no peso dos animais. Não houve efeito dos níveis óleo de soja sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal aparente de glutamato, glicina, arginina, alanina, prolina, tirosina, histidina e lisina. Observaram-se efeito linear da suplementação com níveis de óleo de soja nos coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal aparente e verdadeira de serina e treonina e efeito quadrático da suplementação de óleo de soja sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal aparente e verdadeira de valina, fenilalanina, total de aminoácidos não-essenciais e total de aminoácidos essenciais. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal verdadeira de arginina e tirosina também apresentaram efeito quadrático da suplementação de óleo de soja. Melhores valores de digestibilidade ileal aparente e verdadeira dos aminoácidos não-essenciais e essenciais são obtidos com adição de 2,8 a 3,0% de óleo de soja à dieta de suínos em crescimento.

Effect of Soybean Oil Supplementation on the Contents of Plasma Cholesterol and Cis9, trans11-CLA of the Fat Tissues in Sheep

A feeding trial was conducted with 10 sheep for 12 weeks to examine the effect of soybean oil (SBO) supplementation on long-chain fatty acids composition, especially cis9,trans11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA) in fat tissues. Sheep were fed either a SBO supplemented diet (5%, DM basis) or a control diet without SBO. Chopped rye grass hay was fed as roughage. Concomitant increases in contents of total cholesterol (T-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the plasma of sheep were observed from the SBO supplementation. The supplementation of SBO reduced (p<0.05) the proportions of C16:1, C17:0 and C17:1 but increased (p<0.05) the proportions of C18:0 and octadecenoic acid (t11-C18:1) in the intramuscular fat. The C18:0 proportion only in the subcutaneous fat was increased (p<0.05) by the SBO supplementation. The SBO supplementation slightly increased CLA proportion in the intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2006. Vol 19, No. 5 : 679-683)

Effects of soybean oil supplementation of high forage fattening diet on fatty acid profiles in lipid depots of fattening bull calves, and their levels of blood vitamin E

An experiment was conducted to study effects of soybean oil supplementation of a high forage fattening diet on the composition of fatty acids (FA), including vaccenic acid (VA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), in lipid depots of the meat. Eighteen Friesian bull calves were fed a common total mixed ration, supplemented with either ground maize and soybean meal (C, control treatment) for a group of six calves, or soybean meal and soybean oil (SBO treatment) for a second six calf group, or extruded full fat soybean (FFS treatment) for a third six calf group. All the diets were calculated to be iso-nitrogenous and of the same ME content, and the amounts of fat added to the two oil-supplemented diets were also equal, at 33 g/kg of diet DM. The experiment commenced when the calves were 210 ± 3 days of age, weighing 290 ± 6 kg and lasted for 5 months until slaughter at a live weight of 470 ± 14 kg. Blood of the calves was sampled one week before slaughter for vitamin E determination in red blood cells. Slices of the longissimus muscle between the 12th and 13th ribs were sampled from all calves at slaughter and analysed for fatty acid composition of intra-muscular and subcutaneous fat. The CLA concentrations in the FAs in intramuscular fat were 3.4, 13.0 and 15.4 mg/g in the C, SBO and FFS treatments, respectively, and the corresponding CLA concentrations in the FAs in subcutaneous fat were 5.2, 20.3 and 26.6 mg/g, respectively. The concentrations of VA in both lipid depots were also about three times greater in the SBO and FFS treatments than in the C treatment. The response of increased CLA and VA in lipid depots of meat to oil supplementation was greater than that reported in previous studies, and the reasons for this finding are discussed. The vitamin E concentration in the blood tended to increase as a result of oil supplementation, despite the increased supplementation of poly-unsaturated fatty acids, which are sensitive to oxidation.

Soybean Oil Supplementation Improves Growth and Prevents Docosapentaenoic Acid (22: 5n–6) Accumulation in Tissues of Rats Fed on Palm Oil Diet

Effects of soybean oil supplementation as a source of linoleic and α-linolenic acids in a palm oil diet on growth and docosapentaenoic acid (22: 5n–6) levels in tissue lipids in male Sprague–Dawley rats were studied. The rats fed for two months with the diets containing soybean oil (10–50%) in palm oil showed significantly higher weight gain than that in rats fed a diet containing only palm oil as a fat source. The highest weight gain was observed in rats fed 50% soybean oil blended in palm oil. Such performance was also better than those observed in rats received diets containing soybean oil alone or canola oil alone. Addition of soybean oil to the palm oil diet prevented 22: 5n–6 accumulation in plasma, red blood cells, liver, heart, and retinal lipids with a compensative increase of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n–3). Poly-unsaturated fatty acid profiles of brain were not affected by the addition of soybean oil. Changes in arachidonic acid contents in organs were not observed. The results indicated that so...