Effect Of Solid Waste Research Articles

Effect of solid waste on concrete performance: Innovative use of recycled and secondary materials

The reuse and disposal of waste have provoked increasing attention. A novel solution for a medical waste pharmaceutical blister (PB) powder by replacing it with fine aggregates instead of landfills or direct dumping is conducive to environmental protection. The recycling of PB waste is usually challenging and energy-intensive. Waste PB partially replaced the fine aggregate in 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, and silica fume in a constant amount of 2%. In contrast, the broken glass (BG) particles are chosen at different weight fractions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by the replacement of coarse aggregate. Mechanical properties like compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing in normal water and durability at 90 days of curing in chemical water were tested and compared with M30 conventional concrete. In addition, calcium lignosulfonate is used as a superplasticizer, and a constant 2% silica fume particle is chosen to fill the pores and enhance the strength of concrete. This research illustrates that 10% of BG/10% of PB/2% SF mix exhibits high strength and better bonding ingredients than conventional concrete. The results showed a 14.87% improvement in compressive strength. The splitting tensile and flexural strengths increased by 11.78% and 10.33% after 28 days, respectively. The mix showed better workability.

Impact of Solid Waste on Soil Bacterial and the Municipal Waste Management in Some Communities of Lagos Island

The effects of solid waste on soil and soil sentinels cannot be over emphasized. On the other hand, managing municipal waste has a serious challenge. This study focused on the impact of solid waste on soil bacteria and the municipal waste management in some communities of Lagos Island which are Dolphin and Adeola Odeku Village. This study aimed at examining the present municipal waste management practices in Lagos Island and how they can be improved upon. Random sampling was used to administer 100 questionnaires to households while the different heavy metal concentrations in the soil samples were determined using Buck 200 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The wastes were mainly composed of food wastes, plastics/pet bottles and nylon. Although the majority of the respondents (65%) had waste bins/bags assigned to their houses, about 73.86% did not sort their wastes. The concentrations of the heavy metals (Co, Zn, Ni, and Mn) in the soil samples were higher in Dolphin and Adeola Odeku village compared to the control soil sample. The bacterial isolates identified from the soil samples are Corynebacterium spp., Enterobacter spp., Flavobacterium spp., Acinebacter spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Bacillus subtilis and Micricoccus leteus. SWOT analysis revealed the need to improve environmental awareness to minimize the threat of low sorting of wastes. Also, opportunities exist for recycling plastics/pet bottles and nylon while wastes from food materials could benefit agriculture through composing. This study suggests that more environmental awareness, policies, and better administration are needed to improve the status of waste management in urban communities of Lagos Island.

Effects of Solid Wastes (Leachates) on the Quality of Underground Water

This study investigates the impact of groundwater pollution in Oyigbo Local Government Area, Nigeria, and the consequences of solid wastes, quality, and its control. The study was inspired by the uncontrolled way that both home and industrial wastes are dumped on the ground, in rivers, burried, burned, and dumped in trash heaps. Papers and polyethene, tin and metals, ashes and dust, texture and rags, aluminum and other minerals are among the primary solid wastes produced in Oyigbo. These wastes form leachates and gases when they degrade and are washed by percolating and infiltrating rain water into the groundwater, according to an examination of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of raw water at ten distinct places in Oyigbo close to disposal grounds. However, while a small number of the water characteristics evaluated did not meet W.H.O. criteria, the majority did. Despite this, recommendations are given to address the issues, including promoting raw water analysis, awareness campaigns, increased groundwater investigation in Oyigbo, and adherence to the resource management principle. From the results obtained, it was discovered that the mean concentration values of TDS, pH, BOD and COD are 89.24mg/l, 7.62mg/l, 13.87mg/l and 14.58 for leachate samples. Also the mean concentration values for Mn, Cl, Mg in groundwater samples are 62.34mg/l, 22.74mg/l and 2.60mg/l and for well water samples and 57.35mg/l, 28.30mg/l and 1.25mg/l respectively. The characteristics of the domestic well water samples showed a mean concentration of biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD = 16.26 mg/l), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD = 18.67 mg/l), Dissolved Oxygen (DO = 4.84 mg/l) and temperature (29.66ᵒC). Also, the characteristics of the groundwater samples showed a mean concentration of biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD = 13.67 mg/l), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD = 16.11 mg/l), Dissolved Oxygen (DO = 4.03 mg/l) and temperature (27.16ᵒC). This result shows that there are high level of BOD,COD and DO in Domestic well water than that of groundwater in that location(site).

Assessment of solid waste management practices in Kebridehar city Somali regional state, Ethiopia

In developing countries, solid wastes are not collected and thus discharged into open spaces and drains. The consequences of this event have an impact on human life as well as the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the existing solid waste management practices, as well as sources, types, and determining characteristics of solid waste in the study area. Simple random and purposive sampling methods, respectively, were employed to select 3 sample kebeles and 160 respondents. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 26 using descriptive statistics and an econometric model. The binomial logistic model was used to determine the factors that influence solid waste management activities. The results indicated that Plastics/bags/bottles, food waste, paper/carton, tins/cans, and glasses were the major types of solid wastes in the study area. The majority (45%) of the respondents identified plastics as the dominated solid waste in Kebridehar city. Gender, marital status, and occupation had insignificant negative effects on solid waste management practice. Age (p = 0.030) and distance (p = 0.000) from the center of town, on the other hand, had statistically significant effects on solid waste management practice. The majority of respondents (76.2%) had not received any information regarding the effects of solid wastes on the environment and human life. Beside this, there were no solid waste public bins within walking distance of their residences. In conclusion, the study found that communities were not aware regarding the impacts of solid wastes on the environment; there were no solid waste public bins near the residence of communities at all. Depending on the major findings of the current study, the authors recommend that the city administration should install trash bins near the residences of the communities. The city municipalities should provide training for the communities regarding environmental and human health, the impacts of the solid wastes.

Post COVID 19 and the Challenge of Solid Wastes in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

This study looks at Post COVID 19 and the challenge of solid wastes in the Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design with a population of residents in Plateau State. A simple random sampling technique was used to draw a sample size of 200 respondents from the population. A self-designed questionnaire: Post COVID 19 and the challenge of solid waste management in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Data was collected with the help of questionnaire and analyzed with charts. Also, the hypothesis was tested using a chi-square statistical technique to test the relationship. The findings revealed that an increase in plastics, an increase in disposable gloves, personal protection equipment, and an increase in aprons and gowns are some of the nature of solid waste management during COVID 19. It was established that an increase in household consumption, the accumulation of households’ consumables, and lack of access to waste collections were some of the main causes of solid wastes during COVID-19. The study also revealed that the effects of solid wastes during COVID-19 were environmental pollution and health risk, an increase in organic waste, stress on the available waste management system, among others. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that regular solid waste management, use of disinfectants, face masks, and provision of a proper solid waste disposal methods were among the solutions to the problems of solid waste generated during COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19, Challenge, Solid Waste Management.

Effects of solid waste on the mechanical properties and hydration products of cement mortar

The existence of a large number of solid wastes has caused great pollution to the environment. In this study, different solid waste such as steel slag, water-quenched manganese slag, red mud and coal gangue was used in cement mortar, and the mechanical properties and hydration products were studied. Results showed that water-quenched manganese slag and high-calcium coal gangue after spontaneous combustion showed higher activity. Coal gangue has the highest activity of 102% and red mud has the lowest activity of 69%. Both steel slag and manganese slag added samples showed higher strength than that of manganese slag and steel slag separately added samples. The composite admixture of steel slag, manganese slag, red mud and coal gangue showed the highest strength at 7%, 8%, 8%, 7% and 7%, 12%, 4%, and 7%, respectively.

Effects of Solid Wastes on the Quality of Selected Well Water in Odo-Oro Area of Ikere, Ekiti in Nigeria

This paper presents an assessment of the impact of uncontrolled and unscientific disposal of Solid waste on ground water in Ikere Ekiti town, Nigeria. In this study, well water quality around solid waste dumpsite sites was investigated. Ground water quality analysis was carried out on water samples collected from four wells labelled 1 to 4 close to solid waste disposal sites. Physico-chemical parameters of the water samples (such as temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD, turbidity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, total hardness, phosphates, sulphates, chlorides and nitrates) were measured. Results of analysis across the four samples gave a temperature range of 28 0 C - 32.0 0 C, pH 7.26 - 7.75, conductivity 393.0 - 416.0 µm/cm, BOD 4.0 - 4.5 mg/l, DO 7.5 - 9.9 mg/l, COD 4.0 - 70.0 mg/l, phosphates, sulphates, chlorides and nitrates 0.17 – 0.30 mg/l, 10.1 – 25.0 mg/l, 3.7 – 11.5 mg/l, and 0.113 - 0.22 mg/l respectively, total hardness 32.2 and 38.1 mg/l. evidences from the above measurements showed a substantial level of contamination across all samples of water. Based on these outcomes it was recommended that wells should be sited at least 30m from solid wastes dump site, Appropriate place should be located at the outskirt of the town for refuse / disposal, the wells should be treated at least three times in a year, the regulatory agency should employ a geologist on its staff list, preferably one trained in the area of hydrogeology, to assist in solid wastes site selection within the states, the use of groundwater monitoring wells should be considered in those areas where some doubts exist as to future effects of a particular solid wastes operation, the regulatory agency should not discourage novel methods of collecting and treating refuse leachates for certain installations where proper monitoring can be exercised. Keywords : Solid Waste, Well Water, Ground water, Dump Site, Physico-chemical, DOI: 10.7176/JEES/10-7-05 Publication date: July 31 st 2020

Indiscriminate Waste Disposal and Health Hazards in Mamfe, Cameroon

Indiscriminate waste disposal constitute a major deficiency to most Cameroonian cities nowadays. Unorthodox dumping of waste in Mamfe has triggered urban disorder and nuisance in the town. It is in furtherance to this that, this article seeks to address the health hazards accrued from poor waste management in Mamfe. The article advances that the inadequacy of waste disposal equipment coupled with no sustainable policy of management and mentality of the city dwellers have incited the incidence of diseases. Some 150 questionnaires were administered to households in the Mamfe neighbourhood to determine the impact of poor waste disposal to the town. The Spear Rho Rank Order Correlation was used to test the effect of solid waste on the sanitary health of the Mamfe community. Further field survey through observation was done to capture images of poor waste disposal. These varied methods were used to generate data for results and analyses. Results from findings adhere to the fact that the Mamfe community generates 70.59% of biodegradable waste, 25.32% of non-biodegradable and 4.09% of inert materials. A correlation index analysis of the effect of solid waste on sanitary health of the community stood at R = 0.9976 indicating a very strong relationship between waste and sanitary diseases in Mamfe. The poor implementation of waste disposal policies has led to unstable and excessive dumping of waste in the town. Much waste was generated in less privileged neighbourhoods than the privileged ones due to settlement in the unplanned areas of Lala, Banya, Satum and Egbekaw in the expansion process of the town. This paper advocates that, community based organs and NGOs be used to establish a waste management system in Mamfe. Waste education through El-Hager’s 4Rs concept of reduce, reuse, recycle and recovery be put in place to render the Mamfe town sustainable for living.

Effects of Solid Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Usuma River, Phase IV, Kubwa – Abuja, Nigeria

This study has investigated the Effects of Solid Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Usuma River, Phase IV, Kubwa – Abuja. Indiscriminate dump of Municipal Solid Waste generated by households, Phase IV mini market and wastes from parks and hotels around the study area is the major source of pollution of the river. Large tons of wastes dumped at the river bank has often rendered these natural resources unsuitable for both primary and/or secondary usage. Increased agricultural and domestic activities have led to pollution stress on the surface water of this river. This study assessed the impacts of waste disposal on the River Usuma in Phase IV Kubwa, assess the variation in the physio-chemical and biological properties and compare the water quality with WHO standards. Field methods included consultation with Health and Water Quality Expert, collection of water samples at varying distance, laboratory analysis of water samples using standard techniques. The analysis revealed the presence of nitrite (0.2mg/L), magnesium (0.2mg/L), fluoride (1.0mg/L), manganese (0.2mg/L) and cadmium (0.003mg/L) in higher concentration which is above the WHO benchmark (7.1mg/L, 0.28mg/L, 1.04mg/L, 0.61mg/L and 0.013mg/L). The presence of these physio-chemical components are indications that the surface water of the study area is likely to be responsible for diseases such as typhoid fever, diarhorea and cholera if it is used for the purpose of drinking. The study also revealed a high Alkalinity with slight changes in turbidity. The contamination varies from one point of the river to another, indicating that the water is unfit for human consumption as a result of the pollution. Accordingly, consultation made with the Health and Water Quality Expert expressed the health implications associated with consumption of water from Usuma River in Phase IV, Kubwa – Abuja. The study has also made recommendations to address the problems revealed such as; improvement of sanitation of the study area, provision of adequate waste management facilities while sensitization of the people is given priority, ensuring clean water in the area and efforts to stop dumping of refuse at the river bank.

Performance Evaluation Study on Soil Quality in Dump Yard at Chidambaram Municipal

The municipal solid waste has a very important problem with a country because of enhanced activities and fast urbanization fast growth of industries. So more concentration has been given by the government now coming years to how to handle this problem with safe hygienically disposable of solid waste executive manner. The effect of causes for the solid waste refusing sites is not controlled to the disposal site. Chidambaram refused yard chosen for this study is one such refusal site it is situated about to schools living areas and national highways. Our research studies we plan to set the effects of the refusal site on the environment of living areas in around the refusal sites. A soil sample was collected close too around to the refusal site at different distance and different interval. Study the possible effects of solid waste and soil standard of the physio-chemical parameters. Be finishing that the pollution is causing to the solid waste instruments that are refused in the area. The contamination of soil by lead was recognized.

Effects of Solid Wastes on Ukwaka Stream, Nnewi, Nigeria

Deteriorating of water qualities is grave consequences of open wastes dumping which have resulted in growing public concern. In this study, the effects of solid wastes were identified. Industrial and domestic solid wastes have been linked to numerous environmental pollution problems ranging from long-term environmental degradation to increased incidence of water borne disease. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of solid waste on the water quality of Ukwaka stream in Nnewi, Nigeria. Both the upstream and downstream sampled water from the selected points were analyzed according to the standard method of American Public Health Association (APHA). The parameters analysed were: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and Heavy Metals like copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations. AAS was used to analyze the heavy metals. Results of the study showed that the water was slightly acidic; the color was dark blown and emitted the noxious smell. The water collected from the point just after the solid waste is contaminated most when compared with other points. There was moderate contamination of the environment by the metals studied. Results of the heavy metals were high, with iron and zinc being exceptionally high and above the specified international standards. This study indicated that solid waste from households and the community is a serious health hazard. Also industrialization has contributed to the large-scale pollution and this polluted water is not good for human consumption. It is therefore recommended that the disposal of untreated wastes should be stopped to save the stream water from further deterioration.

Improvement of Urban Drainage System Performance under Climate Change Impact: Case Study

Urban floods have adverse impacts on the performance of urban infrastructures and the life of residents. The floods cause heavy damages and perturbation in the serviceability of urban infrastructures as well as transportation. Therefore, different factors affecting the urban water flood characteristics should be considered in urban development planning, especially in metropolitan areas. In recent years, climate change and its consequences have affected the total components of the water cycle as well as floods. These effects are intensified in urban areas because of the anthropogenic effects they have on the water cycle, such as reducing the infiltration capacity of basins, construction regardless of the channel’s right of way, and disposal of sediment and solid wastes into channels that will decrease the channels’ safe carrying capacity. In this way, incorporating climate change impact on urban water studies could help to achieve more reliable results to be applied in real-time planning of urban areas through selection of best management practices (BMPs). In this study, an algorithm for selecting the BMPs to improve the system performance and reliability in dealing with urban flash floods is proposed that considers the anthropogenic and climate change effects. The suggested algorithm is applied to the Tehran metropolitan area drainage system as a case study. First, the future rainfall pattern of the study area under climate change impact is simulated. Then, the effectiveness of present and future development projects for improvement of drainage system performance is evaluated under different scenarios. Also, the effect of solid wastes and sediments carried with surface runoff in system performance is considered. Finally, feasibility of suggested BMPs and their effectiveness in urban flood management as well as their related costs and benefits are considered. The results of the study show the significance of using analytical and management tools in assessing and improving the urban drainage system.

New insulating particleboards prepared from mixture of solid wastes from tissue paper manufacturing and corn peel

New composite boards with low-thermal conductivity produced from a mixture of solid wastes from tissue paper manufacturing (solid waste TPM) and corn peel have been developed. The effects of solid waste TPM/corn peel ratio on the properties of the boards were investigated and the possibility of using recycled polystyrene packaging foam as a laminating agent to improve the quality of the boards was also evaluated. Our results show that the density of the particleboards decrease with increasing the amount of corn peel added in the mixture, leading to a decrease in thermal conductivity of the final product. In contrary, larger amount of solid waste TPM added in the mixture produced stronger boards. The lamination of recycled polystyrene on the surface of particleboards improves the mechanical properties and reduces the thickness swelling of the boards. The best improvement in mechanical properties and swelling resistance could be achieved when 15% polystyrene (w/v) was coated on the surface of the boards.

Effect of solid waste from a chlor‐alkali factory on rice plants: mercury accumulation and changes in biochemical variables

Seedlings of Oryza sativa var IR 36, when exposed to mercury contaminated waste soil from a chlor‐alkali factory, accumulated an appreciable amount of mercury depending on the waste soil and time. The nucleic acids and protein contents of the shoot material decreased with the increasing amount of waste soil and time. But the free‐amino acids content increased with the contamination of the soil and time. Changes in the variables were significantly correlated with waste soil combinations and mercury uptake. The changes in variables were also statistically significant. An increase in RNA/DNA ratio was observed indicating an enhanced synthesis of RNA per molecule of DNA.