Effects Of Short-term Aerobic Exercise Research Articles

Effects of short-term aerobic exercise, a high-fat and curcumin extract diet on the expression of the adiponectin gene in liver tissue among male rats

Effects of short-term aerobic exercise, a high-fat and curcumin extract diet on the expression of the adiponectin gene in liver tissue among male rats

Effects of short-term aerobic exercise on creativity

Creativity refers to the ability of individuals and groups to produce new, unique and valuable ideas or products, which can be divided into convergent creativity and divergent creativity. For college students, short-term aerobic exercise not only improves physical fitness but is also a key factor affecting creative performance, which is of great significance to their study and life. However, it is still worth exploring whether this promotion occurs immediately and can be sustained over a period of time. To comprehensively investigate the effects of short-term aerobic exercise on creativity, we conducted two studies. In study 1, 50 undergraduates completed a convergent creativity test (Chinese compound remote associate problems, CCRA) and a divergent creativity test (alternates uses task, AUT) before (pretest) and after 25 min (posttest) of short-term aerobic exercise. In study 2, 55 undergraduates were recruited to complete the same pretest and posttest as in study 1, except that they completed the posttest 30 min after finishing short-term aerobic exercise. The results showed that short-term aerobic exercise immediately improved the performance of convergent creativity and divergent creativity but not after a 30 min delay. The research results provide practical guidance for the improvement of college students' creativity and academic performance.

Short-term aerobic exercise improves clinical and metabolic parameters in male type 2 diabetic patients

Background: Exercise has been reported to improve glycemic and lipidemic control in type 2 diabetes. However, there is no consensus on the type and duration of exercise that is necessary for glycemic and lipidemic control. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of short-term aerobic exercise on clinical and metabolic parameters in male type 2 diabetic patients in Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Forty-six male participants (23 type 2 diabetics and 23 non-diabetics) were recruited using systematic random sampling. Baseline clinical and metabolic parameters (blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbAic), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c]) were measured using standard protocols. All the participants underwent 6 sessions of aerobic exercise made up of 3 sessions per week for 2 consecutive weeks using an Orbitrac cycle ergometer. All measurements were repeated at the end of the 2 weeks exercise period. The data were analyzed on IBM SPSS version 23.0. Paired t-test was used to compare mean values of preexercise and postexercise parameters and P = 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the diabetic and nondiabetic participants was 42 ± 11.84 and 30 ± 3.45 years, respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, FBG, HbAic, weight, and BMI were significantly reduced after exercise. Similarly, serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reduced. However, serum triglyceride and HDL-c were significantly increased after exercise. Conclusion: Short-term aerobic exercise improved clinical and metabolic parameters in type 2 male diabetics.

The Effect of short-term aerobic exercise and green tea consumption on MFO, ‎Fatmax, body composition and lipid profile in sedentary postmenopausal ‎‎women

Background: Visceral fat accumulation due to the decrease in estrogen levels, and gaining weight after menopause, increases the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women; While physical activity at Fatmax and green tea consumption are recommended for increasing fat oxidation.
 Methods: 24 sedentary postmenopausal women were divided into two groups: exercise+supplemnet and exercise+placebo. Exercise tests were performed by gas analyzer device and blood samples were collected after 12 hours of fasting overnight in pre and post test phases. The supplement group had a daily intake of 1200 mg of green tea extract in capsule form. The training Protocol contained two weeks of aerobic exercise at an intensity of about maximum fat oxidation which was performed four times a week and each session took 40 to 50 minutes.
 Results: After two weeks, the amounts of weight, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, average total carbohydrate oxidation and HDL were significantly decreased in both groups (p≤0.05). The peak oxygen consumption, maximum fat oxidation, Fatmax and the average total fat oxidation increased but were not significant (p>0.05). Triglyceride (P=0.003) and visceral fat levels (P=0.044) only declined significantly in exercise+placebo group and LDL levels (P=0.043) only increased in exercise+supplement, significantly. Fat percentage also decreased in two groups which was not significant (p>0.05).
 Conclusions: Short-term aerobic exercise at Fatmax, alone and along with green tea consumption, reduced body weight and improved average total carbohydrate oxidation in sedentary postmenopausal women and aerobic exercise with green tea was more effective in reducing triglycerides and visceral fat levels.

Age-Related Changes in Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Damage: Protective and Pretreatment Effects of Short-Term Aerobic Exercise

Age-Related Changes in Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Damage: Protective and Pretreatment Effects of Short-Term Aerobic Exercise

Effects of Short-term Aerobic Exercise and/or Smoking Cessation on Autonomic Nerve Regulation in Healthy Male Smokers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 3-day smoking cessation (SC) and/or aerobic exercise (AE) on the autonomic nerve system (ANS) in healthy male smokers. Seven subjects participated in an AE (session A), SC (session B), and SC + AE (session C) through randomized crossover design, consisting of 60% of heart rate reserve, 60 min/day during consecutive 3-day in healthy male smokers. After overnight fasting, the ANS activities were assessed using power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) at resting and post period. Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) to confirm smoking status and forced vital capacity (FVC) to test pulmonary function were also measured before and after the session. Although each session does not affect FVC, CO was significantly reduced in sessions B and C, respectively (p<.05). Mean HR was significantly decreased in the session A and C, but not in the session B. The HRV parameters in session C, but not session A and B showed increased high frequency and increased SDNN, pNN50, RMSSD, respectively (p<.05). In this study, short-term aerobic exercise with smoking cessation led to a significant increase in the parasympathetic activity, suggesting these treatments will be an effective intervention for young smokers.

Effect of Short-term Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake and Energy-regulating Hormones.

Objective(s) : The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of short-term aerobic exercise on energy intake, appetite and energy-regulating hormones in free-living men and women. Sixteen (eight men, eight women) sedentary young normal weight subjects participated in two experimental conditions with two days apart: five days control with no exercise, and five days exercise (55% MHRR for 45 min/day). Subjects recorded dietary intake using a food diary and self-weighed intake during each five days. Appetite questionnaire (visual analogue scale) was completed each morning in the fasted state. Blood samples were taken in the morning on the 6th day in fasting status after control and exercise conditions. No significant changes were found in absolute energy intake, appetite rate and level of acylated ghrelin and leptin between conditions in both sexes. In women, insulin concentration decreased significantly after exercise. Relative energy intake was significantly lower after exercise in men. On average, women compensated for about 23% of the exercise-induced energy deficit but men did not (-10%). Our findings show that low-intensity exercise for five consecutive days cannot create a negative energy balance in women. It seems that women are more resistant to exercise-induced energy deficit.

Improved Hepatic Lipid Composition Following Short-Term Exercise in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation, low levels of polyunsaturated lipids, and adiponectin are implicated in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We examined the effects of short-term aerobic exercise on these metabolic risk factors. Obese individuals (N = 17, 34.3 ± 1.0 kg/m²) with clinically confirmed NAFLD were enrolled in a short-term aerobic exercise program that consisted of 7 consecutive days of treadmill walking at ~85% of maximal heart rate for 60 minutes per day. Preintervention and postintervention measures included hepatic triglyceride content, and a lipid saturation index and polyunsaturated lipid index (PUI) of the liver, obtained by (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (N = 14). Insulin sensitivity was estimated from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and mononuclear cells were isolated to assess reactive oxygen species production during the OGTT. Circulating glucose, insulin, and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin were determined from plasma. Short-term aerobic exercise training improved hepatic lipid composition in patients with NAFLD. Exercise training resulted in an increase in liver PUI (P < .05), increased insulin sensitivity (Matsuda Index: P < .05), HMW adiponectin (P < .05), and maximal oxygen consumption (P < .05). Reactive oxygen species production during the OGTT was reduced following exercise training (P < .05). HMW adiponectin was increased after the exercise program and the increase was positively correlated with the increase in liver PUI (r = 0.52, P = .05). Body weight remained stable during the program (P > .05). Short-term exercise can target hepatic lipid composition, which may reduce the risk of NAFLD progression. The improvement in hepatic lipid composition may be driven by adiponectin.

The Effect of Short-Term Aerobic Exercise on Depression and Body Image in Iranian Women

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of short-term aerobic exercise on depression symptoms and body image attitudes among Iranian women. In this quasiexperimental study, 82 females were assigned to experimental group (aerobic exercise group, n = 41) or control group (waiting list, n = 41) and evaluated by Beck Depression Inventory-second edition (BDI-II) and Multidimensional Body Self-Relation Questionnaire (MBSRQ), respectively. The experimental group received four-week aerobic exercise program, and control group had been asked to wait for the next four weeks. Results of this study confirmed the significant decrease in depression symptoms at the experimental group compared to control group (P < 0.5). For the body image dependent variables, significant improvement was also found in appearance evaluation, appearance orientation, health orientation, and illness orientation in aerobic exercise group (P < 0.5).

Effect of short-term aerobic exercise on cardiovascular remodelling in post-menopause women

It is well known that menopause is associated with an increase of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including changes on metabolic profile, body composition, haemdynamic loads and cardiovascular remodelling. The latter starts with an increase of arterial elastance and early concentric left ventricular remodeling, manifested by an increment of the relative wall thickness. We investigated morphological and functional effects of short-term aerobic exercise at moderate intensity without diet restriction on cardiovascular apparatus in post-menopause women. Seventy-six post-menopausal healthy sedentary postwomen (56± 4 yrs) underwent clinical history, physician and anthropometric exam, 12-lead electrocardiography. Echocardiography was used to assess LV geometry and systolic and diastolic functions. Relative diastolic wall thickness (RWT), midwall fractional shortening (MFS) and arterial elastance (AE) were calculated to evaluate the LV concentric remodeling, the intrinsic systolic function and the vascular load, respectively. Data were collected before and after 14 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise training (four time per week). After the intervention program, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate and hip circumference were significantly decreased (P = 0,01; P = 0,00; P = 0,00; P = 0,01, respectively). Left ventricular mass/height 2.7, ejection fraction and MFS were higher (p< 0,00; P= 0,00; P =0,00), while relative wall thickness (RWT) and AE were lower (P<0,03;P=0,00). Mitral E wave and E/A were higher (P = 0,001; P<0,0001). Left ventricular mass/height 2.7 was correlated to BMI (P = 0,04), WC (P = 0,034) and waist/hip ratio (P = 0,007). In post-menopause women aerobic exercise improves CV function (concentric remodelling, diastolic and systolic function) acting both on haemodynamic factors and body composition. Our data underline the role of non pharmacological interventions in the CV disease prevention.

Effects of short-term aerobic exercise with and without external loading on bone metabolism and balance in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of submaximal aerobic exercise with and without external loading on bone metabolism and balance in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP). Thirty-six volunteer, sedentary postmenopausal women with OP were randomly divided into three groups: aerobic, weighted vest, and control. Exercise for the aerobic group consisted of 18 sessions of submaximal treadmill walking, 30 min daily, 3 times a week. The exercise program for the weighted-vest group was identical to that of the aerobic group except that the subjects wore a weighted vest (4-8 % of body weight). Body composition, bone biomarkers, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTX), and balance (near tandem stand, NTS, and star-excursion, SE) were measured before and after the 6-week exercise program. Fat decreased (p = 0.01) and fat-free mass increased (p = 0.005) significantly in the weighted-vest group. BALP increased and NTX decreased significantly in both exercise groups (p ≤ 0.05). After 6 weeks of exercise, NTS score increased in the exercise groups and decreased in the control group (aerobic: +49.68 %, weighted vest: +104.66 %, and control: -28.96 %). SE values for all directions increased significantly in the weighted-vest group. Results showed that the two exercise programs stimulate bone synthesis and decrease bone resorption in postmenopausal women with OP, but that exercise while wearing a weighted vest is better for improving balance.

The effect of 4 weeks of aerobic exercise on vascular and baroreflex function of young men with a family history of hypertension

The effect of short-term aerobic exercise on vascular function of young individuals with a family history of hypertension was investigated. Thirty young men with a family history of hypertension were randomly assigned to either an exercise (n=15) or control (n=15) group. Exercise subjects performed 30 min of supervised cycle training at 65% of their maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)), three times per week for 4 weeks. Control subjects were asked to maintain their normal levels of physical activity. Peak leg and forearm blood flow were assessed using plethysmography and was determined as the highest blood flow following 5 min of reactive hyperemia. Cardiopulmonary baroreceptor (CPBR) sensitivity was measured using lower body negative pressure (LBNP) for 5 min at -20 mm Hg. CPBR was determined by calculating change of stroke volume and forearm vascular resistance at baseline and during LBNP. Carotid baroreceptor (CBR) sensitivity was assessed using neck suction at -20, -40, -60 and -80 mm Hg pressures, and was determined from RR interval divided by systolic blood pressure. Augmentation index (AIx), a measure of arterial stiffness, was assessed using applanation tonometry and was calculated as the ratio of augmented pressure and pulse pressure. The major findings were that the exercise group showed increase in leg vasodilation, reduction in AIx and increase in VO(2max) compared with the control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant change for CPBR and CBR. A short-term moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention in young men with a family history of hypertension significantly reduced arterial stiffness and increased aerobic fitness.

Short‐term aerobic exercise improves hepatic lipid composition, insulin sensitivity, and circulating HMW adiponectin independent of weight loss in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease

Hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation, and low levels of polyunsaturated lipids and adiponectin are implicated in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We examined the effects of short-term aerobic exercise on these metabolic risk factors. Obese individuals (n=15, 34.7±1.0 kg/m2) with diagnosed NAFLD were enrolled in a short-term aerobic exercise program that consisted of 7 consecutive days of treadmill walking at 85% HRmax for 60 min/d. Pre- and post-exercise measures consisted of hepatic triglyceride content, lipid saturation index (SI) and polyunsaturated lipid index (PUI) of the liver via 1H MR spectroscopy and glucose tolerance was determined by OGTT. Mononuclear cells were isolated for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during the OGTT, and glucose, insulin, and adiponectin were determined from plasma. Exercise training resulted in an 84% increase in the PUI (p=0.01), and increases in insulin sensitivity (Matsuda Index: p=0.04), HMW adiponectin (p=0.02) and VO2max. ROS production was reduced following exercise training (p=0.04). HMW adiponectin changes were positively correlated with changes in liver PUI (R=0.713, p=0.01). These data suggest that exercise alone can augment metabolic risk factors associated with NAFLD progression and that these changes may be driven by increases in adiponectin. Support: CTSA UL1 RR024989, HL007887

Acute BDNF and cortisol response to low intensity exercise and following ramp incremental exercise to exhaustion in humans

The effect of short-term aerobic exercise and a following ramp incremental cycle ergometry to exhaustion on the acute response of the serum concentrations of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cortisol (COR) was examined in 8 healthy male athletes. Venous and capillary blood samples were drawn at rest, immediately after a 10 min warm-up period with aerobic exercise and after a ramp test to exhaustion, as well as 3, 6, 10 and 15 min post exercise. Capillary blood lactate (LA) concentration and blood gases as well as serum BDNF and COR concentrations did not change during the warm-up period. LA was increased ( p < 0.05) at the end of the ramp test and during recovery period while bicarbonate concentration, carbon dioxide pressure, pH and base excess were decreased ( p < 0.05) during this period. Serum BDNF was increased at the point of exhaustion ( p < 0.05) while no significant differences were found between values at rest and those during recovery period. At 10 and 15 min post incremental exercise, COR concentrations were increased ( p < 0.05) compared to rest. The present study is the first to demonstrate in humans that in contrast to short duration aerobic exercise immediately after a following short duration high-intensity exercise to exhaustion, there is a transient augmentation of serum BDNF concentration. Short-term response of serum BDNF and COR concentrations differs as BDNF returns to baseline level faster than COR.