Effects Of Self-stigma Research Articles

Decreased insight, but not self-stigma or belief about medicine, is associated with greater severity of delusions in a sample of long-stay patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThere are, to date, limited and inconsistent findings concerning the relationship between insight and psychotic symptoms, despite some evidence in favor of the clinical and therapeutic relevance of the insight construct. We aimed to add to the pool of the available data in this area, by examining the correlations between the severity of insight and positive psychotic symptoms (delusions and auditory hallucinations), while accounting for self-stigma and attitudes towards medication, in a sample of long-stay inpatients with schizophrenia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, between July and October 2021. A total of 82 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (aged 55.55 ± 10.21 years, 54.9% males) were enrolled. The semi-structured psychotic symptom rating scales, the Birchwood Insight Scale, the Belief About Medicine Questionnaire, and the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness were used.ResultsThe mean duration of illness in years was 30.15 ± 11.73, and the mean duration of hospitalization in years was 17.56 ± 9.24. Sixteen out of the 82 patients (19.5%) were considered as having poor insight. Bivariate analyses showed that higher chlorpromazine equivalent dose was significantly associated with more delusions, whereas higher insight was significantly associated with lower delusions. Multivariable analyses revealed that Higher chlorpromazine equivalent dose (Beta = 0.004) was significantly associated with more delusions, whereas higher insight (Beta = − 0.89) was significantly associated with less delusions. No significant associations were found between insight, self-stigma and hallucinations.ConclusionOur results imply that more impaired insight is associated with greater severity of delusions, above and beyond the effects of self-stigma and medication doses. These findings are valuable to aid clinicians and researchers improve their understanding of the relationship insight-psychotic symptoms, and could help personalize prevention and early intervention strategies in schizophrenia.

Mediating effects of self-stigma and depression on the association between autistic symptoms and recovery in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundSeveral studies have indicated that self-stigma is associated with depressive symptoms and could be a barrier to recovery in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. More recently, an association between autistic symptoms and self-stigma was found in schizophrenia-spectrum patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between self-stigma, autistic and depressive symptoms, and recovery in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsIn total, 105 participants were evaluated using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, and the Recovery Assessment Scale to investigate autistic symptoms, self-stigma, depressive symptoms, and recovery, respectively. The relationship between self-stigma, autistic symptoms, depressive symptoms, and recovery was assessed using structural equation modeling analysis.ResultsImpaired attention switching, one symptom of autism, was found to positively affect stereotype endorsement, which negatively influenced recovery through depressive symptoms. Moreover, problems with communication skills negatively affected recovery through depressive symptoms. Concerning self-stigma, stereotype endorsement and perceived discrimination had a negative effect on recovery through depressive symptoms, whereas stigma resistance had a direct negative effect on recovery.ConclusionsThis study may provide meaningful insight into the psychological structure of recovery and could inform effective interventions for patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. This was a cross-sectionally designed study; therefore, further longitudinal studies are needed to identify the causal relationships between self-stigma, autistic and depressive symptoms, and recovery.

The Effects of Self-stigma on Self-respect in the Mentally Disabled People: Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Social Participation

본 연구는 정신장애인의 자기낙인이 자아존중감에 미치는 영향과 사회참여의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 분석을 위해 활용한 데이터는 2017년 보건복지연구용역 과제를 수탁하여 수집된 ‘지역사회 정신장애인 현황조사’ 2차 자료를 활용하였다. 본 연구에서 분석할 대상은 ‘2017 지역사회 정신장애인 현황조사’에 참여한 지역사회 정신장애인 개인이다. 지역사회 내 정신건강복지센터, 정신재활시설, 사회서비스 바우처(정신건강 토탈케어 서비스) 이용자 총 1,000명이 연구의 분석대상이 되었다. 분석방법은 기술통계, 상관분석, 다중회귀분석 및 매개효과의 유의성을 확인하기 위하여 Sobel Test를 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 분석대상자의 자기낙인은 자아존중감과 부적(-) 관계를 맺는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 정신장애인의 자기낙인과 사회참여가 자아존중감에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 정신장애인의 낙인은 자아존중감에 부적인(-) 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 사회참여는 자기낙인과 자아존중감 간의 관계를 부분적으로 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 정신장애인이 내재적 낙인으로 자기낙인화 되어 자아존중감을 낮추지 않는 사회참여의 기회확대와 법 개정을 통한 활동지원서비스의 확대가 시급함을 제언하였다.

Perceptions of difference and disdain on the self-stigma of mental illness

Background People with mental illness are viewed as different and disdained by the general population leading to public stigma. When public stigma becomes internalized, it results in self-stigma. Content-less measures of stigma have shown to benefit studying public stigma, but research on self-stigma is limited. Aims This study sought to validate the use of content-less measures (Difference and Disdain) to assess self-stigma of mental illness. Methods Participants with lived experience (N = 291) completed a survey including measures of Difference and Disdain for self-stigma and outcomes assessing depression, self-esteem, recovery and the “Why Try” effect. Factor structure of Difference and Disdain across stages of self-stigma and their effects on harmful outcomes were analyzed. Results Factor structure was not supported. Reliability analysis suggested a two-stage conceptualization of self-stigma for Difference and Disdain characterized by early (i.e. aware, agree) and late stages (i.e. apply, harm). Disdain was found to independently contribute to significant harmful outcomes, especially in the late stages. Conclusions Disdain seems to be the driver of the egregious effects of self-stigma for people with mental illness. Anti-stigma efforts should focus on stereotypes of Disdain in the future.

The Effects of Self-Stigma in Anti-Smoking Message Among South Korean Smokers

The Effects of Self-Stigma in Anti-Smoking Message Among South Korean Smokers

Out With The Old, In With The New: A Nuanced Approach To Self-Stigma Among Veterans

Self-stigma can generate significant public health costs because of its implications concerning underutilization of treatment. Veterans are particularly vulnerable to the effects of self-stigma because of the military’s value of self-reliance, which may compound negative feelings toward receiving treatment. Few intervention studies to reduce veteran self-stigma apply the Corrigan and Watson (2002) model of self-stigma to the veteran experience. Doing so may yield additional insight into factors driving self-stigma. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to apply this model to veterans from recent generations of war. The authors conducted a constant-comparative method between the Corrigan and Watson self-stigma model and a variation of a stigma model among military personnel with mental illness to identify similarities, differences, and any unaccounted factors. Contextual factors, such as identify development, military cultural values, and family concerns, that have been noted in recent research as factors impacting stigma, were not accounted for in the Corrigan and Watson model. The proposed model encompasses those nuanced contextual factors. The newly proposed model and underlying reasons for behaviors differed from the Corrigan and Watson self-stigma framework regarding the following components: 1) resistance; 2) differentiate; and 3) protect. The model is meant to disseminate novel issues that compound the effects of veteran self-stigma. Future research needs to assess the adequacy of this model, and if it is consistent with the lived experience of veterans, develop interventions that target the corresponding issues within each component.

Bipolar disorder and self-stigma: A comparison with schizophrenia

AimEven though numerous studies have focused on the effects of self-stigma on patients with schizophrenia, little is known about self-stigma of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). In this study, a self-administered scale of self-stigmatising attitudes of patients with BD and schizophrenia was used to explore these attitudes, examine the potential differences between the two groups and study the factors that influence stigma within groups. MethodsSelf-stigma of 120 patients with schizophrenia and BD was assessed with the Self-stigma Questionnaire (SSQ) and the Stigma Inventory for Mental Illness (SIMI). Presence of clinical symptoms, overall functioning and level of self-esteem were also evaluated. ResultsSelf-stigma is present in both groups but differs in its intensity. Patients with BD experience self-stigma in a lesser degree without affecting their social life or overall functioning. Patients with schizophrenia adopt more intense self-stigmatising attitudes leading to social exclusion and lower level of overall functioning. LimitationsThe results are limited by the small sample size, whereas the inclusion of other questionnaires would broaden our insight to self-stigma. ConclusionsSelf-stigma has a direct effect on overall functioning of patients with BD and schizophrenia tampering the clinical outcome of therapeutic interventions. Therefore, it should be incorporated in every treatment plan and be addressed as a clinical symptom of the mental illness.

The Cognitive Content and Habitual Process of Self-stigma: Effects On Self-esteem and Recovery

Introduction While many people with mental illness endorse and internalize cultural stereotypes of mental illness at some point, they may have different degrees of habitual recurrence of such self-stigmatizing thoughts, which could exacerbate the experience of self-stigma and perpetuate its adverse effects on mental well-being and help-seeking. To date, studies have shown the adverse effects of the cognitive content of self-stigma (a.k.a. stereotype self-concurrence) on self-esteem and recovery among people with mental illness. However, no study has taken into account the effects of the habitual process of self-stigma (a.k.a. habitual self-stigma). The present study aims to investigate whether habitual self-stigma incrementally predicts self-esteem and recovery above and beyond stereotype self-concurrence. Methods Ninety seven people with mental illness completed measures of stereotype self-concurrence, habitual self-stigma, self-esteem, and recovery. The Self-Stigma Scale—Short Form (SSS-SF) was used to assess stereotype self-concurrence. The Self-stigmatizing Thinking's Automaticity and Repetition (STAR) scale was used to assess habitual self-stigma. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was used to assess self-esteem. The Maryland Assessment of Recovery in People with Serious Mental Illness (MARS) was used to assess recovery. Results Multivariate linear regressions showed that habitual self-stigma had an incremental value over and above stereotype self-concurrence in predicting self-esteem and recovery. Conclusions Future research on self-stigma should simultaneously consider both its cognitive content and habitual process so that the effects of self-stigma on people with mental illness can be more fully captured.

P.8.b.008 Self-stigmatisation and adherence to treatment

Even though numerous studies have focused on the effects of self-stigma on patients with schizophrenia, little is known about self-stigma of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). In this study, a self-administered scale of self-stigmatising attitudes of patients with BD and schizophrenia was used to explore these attitudes, examine the potential differences between the two groups and study the factors that influence stigma within groups.Self-stigma of 120 patients with schizophrenia and BD was assessed with the Self-stigma Questionnaire (SSQ) and the Stigma Inventory for Mental Illness (SIMI). Presence of clinical symptoms, overall functioning and level of self-esteem were also evaluated.Self-stigma is present in both groups but differs in its intensity. Patients with BD experience self-stigma in a lesser degree without affecting their social life or overall functioning. Patients with schizophrenia adopt more intense self-stigmatising attitudes leading to social exclusion and lower level of overall functioning.The results are limited by the small sample size, whereas the inclusion of other questionnaires would broaden our insight to self-stigma.Self-stigma has a direct effect on overall functioning of patients with BD and schizophrenia tampering the clinical outcome of therapeutic interventions. Therefore, it should be incorporated in every treatment plan and be addressed as a clinical symptom of the mental illness.

Stuttering and work life: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

PurposeThe experiential claims of nine people who stuttered were examined with the purpose of determining the impact of stuttering on their work lives and to further examine what meaning they derive from these experiences. MethodSix male and three female participants aged 29-61 years (mean age, 41.4) who stuttered were interviewed and verbatim interview transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Credibility was established by way of member checking, researcher comparison with only consensual themes and interpretations presented in the final analysis. ResultsFour Superordinate themes, “stuttering is always there; stuttering at work reveals a problem; stuttering limits communication; and stuttering limits occupational progression” were distilled by descriptive and interpretative treatment of the interview transcripts. The interpretative level of analysis identified self-stigma as central to the meaning derived from these experiences. Participants’ expectation of stigmatizing public attitudes, together with their own self-validation of such attitudes perpetuated diminished feelings about self-esteem and self-efficacy. Fear of negative evaluation may be heightened in the work context and might mediate feelings of self-stigma in this context. ConclusionsSuperordinate themes and their subthemes indicate that stuttering is problematic at work by way of perpetuating in the PWS an expectation of negative evaluation by others. Findings implicate issues of self-stigma as generating feelings of self-doubt and self-reproach in PWS in the workplace. The development and effects of self-stigma in PWS have broader implications than the workplace context alone and further examination of the issues of self-stigma in stuttering is recommended.Educational objectives: At the end of this activity the reader will be able to: (a) describe how stuttering might affect workplace experiences; (b) describe the impact of stuttering on communication in the work context; (c) describe how qualitative methods can provide insights into the impact of stuttering in the work context; (d) describe the impact of self and public stigma on wellbeing in the work context.

Self-stigma and the "why try" effect: impact on life goals and evidence-based practices.

Many individuals with mental illnesses are troubled by self-stigma and the subsequent processes that accompany this stigma: low self-esteem and self-efficacy. "Why try" is the overarching phenomenon of interest here, encompassing self-stigma, mediating processes, and their effect on goal-related behavior. In this paper, the literature that explains "why try" is reviewed, with special focus on social psychological models. Self-stigma comprises three steps: awareness of the stereotype, agreement with it, and applying it to one's self. As a result of these processes, people suffer reduced self-esteem and self-efficacy. People are dissuaded from pursuing the kind of opportunities that are fundamental to achieving life goals because of diminished self-esteem and self-efficacy. People may also avoid accessing and using evidence-based practices that help achieve these goals. The effects of self-stigma and the "why try" effect can be diminished by services that promote consumer empowerment.