Effect Of Selenium Application Research Articles

Correction to: Effects of selenium application with different combinations of secondary elements on ‘Qingcui’ plum leaf nutrition and fruit quality

Correction to: Effects of selenium application with different combinations of secondary elements on ‘Qingcui’ plum leaf nutrition and fruit quality

Effects of selenium application with different combinations of secondary elements on ‘Qingcui’ plum leaf nutrition and fruit quality

Effects of selenium application with different combinations of secondary elements on ‘Qingcui’ plum leaf nutrition and fruit quality

Effect of Selenium Application on Growth, Antioxidative Capacity, and Nutritional Quality in Purple Lettuce Seedlings

Selenium (Se) is involved in the growth and development of plants. More importantly, Se from plant foods is a primary source of Se intake for humans and animals. Improving the Se content in vegetables through biofortification is an effective way to solve the hidden hunger induced by Se deficiency. This study demonstrated the effect of different exogenous Se application concentrations on the growth, antioxidative capacity, and nutritional quality of purple lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa L. “Purple Rome”) at the seedling stage. The low Se application concentration (≤8 μM) significantly promoted the lettuce seedling growth. Conversely, the high Se application concentration (16 μM) inhibited the seedling growth and overproduced the reactive oxygen species in lettuce root tips, which caused oxidative damage to membrane lipids and cell death. Furthermore, the enzyme activities and gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase-peroxidase, and catalase, were significantly increased under exogenous Se application. The exogenous Se application significantly increased the accumulation of nutrients in purple lettuce at the seedling stage. Remarkably, the exogenous Se application concentrations were significantly positively related to the Se and anthocyanin contents. The gene expression levels of chalcone synthase were positively correlated with the anthocyanin contents under exogenous Se application. This study contributes to the role of Se in lettuce growth and provides a reference for producing high-quality purple lettuce rich in Se and anthocyanins.

Effect of Selenium Application and Growth Stage at Harvest on Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Antioxidants in Lamb’s Lettuce (Valerianella locusta L. Laterr.)

Lamb’s lettuce (Valerianella locusta L. Laterr.) is a leafy green vegetable that is rich in various biological active compounds and is widely used in ready-to-eat salads. The cultivation conditions and growth stage could affect the secondary metabolism in plants and thereby modify their food value. In the present study, the effect of selenium (Se) application in various concentrations (5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 µM) on the contents of Se, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and antioxidant activity of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of lamb’s lettuce harvested at three growth stages (38, 52, and 66 days after sowing (DAS)) was studied. Se application significantly increased the Se concentration in the shoots (up to 124.4 μg g−1 dry weight), as well as the contents of chlorogenic acid, total flavonoids, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll b, and the antioxidant activity of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts. A higher content of phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant activity of hydrophilic extracts was observed at the first growth stage (38 DAS). On the contrary, higher contents of lipophilic compounds (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, lutein, β-carotene) and higher antioxidant activity of lipophilic extracts were found for shoots harvested at later stages (52 and 66 DAS).

Effects of selenium application on Se content and speciation in Lentinula edodes

Edible fungi have strong ability to transform inorganic Se into organic forms. Therefore, different concentrations of selenite, selenate and Se-yeast were injected as Se-supplements into substrates to produce Se-enriched Lentinula edodes. The Se content and its speciation distribution in the fruit bodies of L. edodes were analysed at different harvest times. Results indicate that Se concentrations of L. edodes increased first and then decreased over time. Based on Se accumulation in L. edodes, selenium use efficiency was ranked as selenite > selenate > Se-yeast. SeMet was the predominant Se speciation in the fruit bodies of L. edodes. SeMet made up the biggest proportion of total Se content and increased with application time for selenite and selenate treatments, whereas no significant change was found for Se-yeast treatment. This study demonstrates that Se-enriched L. edodes is a good source of dietary Se.

Effect of selenium application on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, phenol leakage and total phenolic content in garlic (Allium sativum L.) under NaCl stress

It is well known that salinity has badly effect on plant growth all over the world and greatly reduces crop production in the affected regions. Selenium can function as an antioxidant in plants and also in low concentration can promotes plant growth and produce tolerance against stress. This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of selenium (Se) application (0, 4, 8 and 16 mg L−1) on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, phenol leakage and total phenolic content of garlic under salt stress (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM NaCl). The highest PAL activity was recorded at 60 and 90 mM NaCl salinity with application of 8 mg Se L−1. Also, when Se was added to the salt-stress garlic, the level of phenol leakage was decreased significantly at two levels of NaCl concentration (by 52% and 40% at 30 mM NaCl with application of 4 and 16 mg Se L−1, and by 50% at 90 mM NaCl with application of 4 mg Se L−1, respectively) in comparison to the salt-stressed garlic without Se. The results showed that Se can increase the salt tolerance of garlic by protecting the cell membrane against lipid peroxidation. The highest concentration of phenols was recorded at 90 mM NaCl salinity level with application of 4 and 8 mg Se L−1, that respectively produced 59% and 51% higher phenols than control treatment without Se. So, application of optimal Se level can increase the potential of garlic in a medium with relatively high level of NaCl.

Effect of selenium application on mineral macro- and micronutrients and antioxidant status in strawberries

The application of selenium (Se) as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) at 0, 2, and 4 mg L-1 concentrations in nutrient solution to strawberry plants was evaluated. Selenium did not modify the dry weights of the roots, stems, leaves, and fruits, or the fresh weights of the stems and fruits. The 4 mg L-1 concentration caused decreases in the fresh weights of the roots and leaves and in the yield. The mineral content of different plant organs changed but was not adversely affected by Se applications, with the 2 mg L-1 treatment having a lower impact on mineral concentration variation, as well as temporary positive effects on the fruits’ antioxidant status. The fruit pH was not adversely affected by application of Se. Se application in nutrient solution proved to be an adequate technique to increase the Se content in all plant organs. Se concentration exhibited a differential distribution, with the highest levels in the roots, followed by the leaves and crowns; the fruits had the lowest levels, reaching an average concentration of 31.2 mg kg-1 of dry weight. By contrast, fruits from the untreated plants obtained an average concentration of only 6.35 mg kg-1, with no decreases in the concentrations of other mineral elements in treated plants.

Effects of selenium application on nutrient uptake and nutritional quality of Codonopsis lanceolata

Codonopsis lanceolata is widely cultivated and consumed in China, Korea, and Japan because of its beneficial effects on health; it is an effective antioxidant and reduces the risks of diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The effects of C. lanceolata on human health are similar to that of selenium (Se). Hence, the aim of this study was to determine whether Se application could increase Se content in C. lanceolata and enhance its beneficial effects on human health. Pot experiments were conducted, and sodium selenite was applied to evaluate the effects of Se application (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0mgSekg−1 soil) on C. lanceolata. The biomass of C. lanceolata increased and was the highest when treated with 1.0mgSekg−1 soil, but after this level, there was a decrease in C. lanceolata biomass. Compared with the corresponding organs of the control group, Selenium accumulation in stems, leaves and fruits significantly increased with Se levels increasing, the highest values appeared at 1.0mgSekg−1 soil level for roots and fruits, and at 1.5mgSekg−1 soil level for stems and leaves, respectively. Selenium application increased N, P, and K accumulation, and altered the distribution of N and K, but not of P. Compared to the control, at 1.0mgSekg−1 soil level, the contents of polysaccharide, total flavonoid, total saponin increased significantly, thereby enhancing the health benefit of C. lanceolata; the contents of protein, total amino acid and essential amino acid increased significantly, thereby enhancing the nutritional quality of C. lanceolata; the contents of Se and Zn increased concurrently, suggesting the suitability of simultaneous biofortification with Zn and Se. Furthermore, the highest concentration of Se in C. lanceolata root (5.93μgg−1 dry weight) was considered to be safe for human consumption. Approximately 12g (dry weight) of C. lanceolata root treated with 1.0mgSekg−1 soil is sufficient to fulfill the daily human requirement of Se. In conclusion, C. lanceolata is a good candidate for Se biofortification, and 1.0mgSekg−1 soil is the optimum.

Effect of selenium application on arsenic uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Alluvial aquifers of the agrarian state of Punjab of southwestern arid zone used for irrigation of rice crops are rich in arsenic concentration. In the present study, rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops were raised in pots in a greenhouse with a purpose to study whether selenium (Se) application was effective in ameliorating As uptake. The rice crop was irrigated with arsenic laced water (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0μMAsL-1) throughout the growing period, without and with selenium (0.05 and 0.10mgkg-1) added through mustard biomass, grown ex situ in seleniferous soil. Arsenic uptake and dry matter yield in different parts of the rice crop were assayed after application of As alone and simultaneous supplementations (As + Se). An antagonistic interaction between Se and As was observed. Addition of As through irrigation water significantly reduced yield of rice grain, straw and root. However, subsequent addition of Se helped in mitigating the harmful effect of As and countered the yield reduction caused due to As toxicity. The effect of Se on dry matter yield was more pronounced at its higher dose (0.10mgkg-1) as compared to its lower dose (0.05mgkg-1). The presence of Se either alone or added along with As significantly reduced the As concentration and its uptake by different parts of rice and higher reduction in As concentration was observed with addition of the highest level of applied Se (0.10mgkg-1). Our observations indicated that Se supplementation might be favourable to reduce As accumulation and toxicity in rice crops.

Effects of Selenium Application on Plant Growth and Some Quality Parameters in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea).

Selenium (Se) is an essential plant micronutrient and has been repetedly shown to enhance crop growth and crop tolerance to abiotic stresses when applied in trace amounts. However, physiological responses of different plants vary significantly to the Se fertilizer application. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Se application on yield and quality parameters of peanut under field conditions. A pot experiment was conducted where Se fertilizer was applied (i) To soil at 5 different doses, (ii) As folier fertilizer or (iii) Via seed soaking at 4 different doses. Two years field experiments were conducted under East Mediterranean conditions of Turkey. The yields were significantly increased by all types of Se applications. The highest yield (6130 kg ha-1) was obtained from foliar applications made 40 days after flowering. Increasing doses of Se increased 100 grain weight but oil, protein and nitrogen content of grains were not affected. Two years experiment clearly showed that external Se supply to peanut (all methods tested) increased yield formation in East Mediterranean conditions of Turkey. Here, particularly foliar application (3% sodium selenite) of Se 40 after flowering seems to be most effective way for its application.

Effect of selenium application on some oxidoreductive enzymes in loamy sand contaminated with diesel oil

Effect of selenium application on some oxidoreductive enzymes in loamy sand contaminated with diesel oil

Effects of Selenium Application in Soil on Formation of Iron Plaque outside Roots and Cadmium Uptake by Rice Plants

A pot trial with a soil-sand combination culture in rhizosphere bags was conducted to study the effects of applying Se in soil on formation of iron plaque outside roots, rice growth and absorption of Se and Cd under the control conditions. The results showed that application of low concentration Se (1.0 mg/kg) can promote the formation of iron plaque outside roots, but application of high concentration Se (8.0 mg/kg) can inhibit formation of iron plaque outside roots. Whether applying Cd or not, Se on rice growth had no significant effect, which explained Se on rice growth had not produced toxic effects. With the increasing of Se treatment concentrations, the Cd content of roots, stems, leaves, rice husks and rice significantly decreased. Application of selenium can improve the selenium content in rice, which explained rice had enrichment effect for selenium.

Effect of Selenium Application on Yield and Qualities for Nutrition and Health Care in Tartary Buckwheat

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) products are regarded as health food due to their components of vitamin B1 and E, mineral elements, flavonoids (mainly rutin) and high content of proteins. The composition ratios of eight essential amino acids in tartary buckwheat seeds is similar to that in eggs, and rutin is approved to be effective in protecting humans against chronic diseases (e.g. cardiovascular diseases), heart diseases, and cancer. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for higher animals and humans with many physiological functions. To study the effect of Se application on growth, yield and quality of tar-tary buckwheat, a pot experiment was carried out in 2005. The contents of total Se, amino acid, flavonoids, and rutin were deter-mined by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer, automatic amino acid analyzer, A UV-VI 8500 spectrophotometer and HPLC respectively. The results showed that appropriate amount of Se (0.5 mg kg-1 soil) significantly promoted the plant height, dry mat-ter weight of shoots, and the total weight of the plant. With the application of 1.0 mg Se kg-1 soil, the yield, spikes, and grain number per plant were 1.42–2.32 times and about two times as many as those of untreated plants. The seed setting rate and 100-grain weight were increased by 0.6%–6.2% and 1.90%–5.85% respectively, and the contents of flavonoids and rutin in seeds improved by 3.7%–7.5% and 30.9%–59.6%, respectively. The most effective treatment occurred at the rate of 0.5 mg Se kg-1 soil, which made the yield, all quality characters of seeds reach the peak. Excessive Se (1.0 mg kg-1) obviously injured tartary buck-wheat plant, resulting in the decrease of yield, plant height and biomass. Except in the case where the treatment was 0.5 mg Se kg-1 soil, the contents of N, P, K, Zn, Ca, Mn, crude protein, and fat were increased when the supply of Se was increased. The study showed that the application of Se to soil could significantly increase Se content, meanwhile, decrease starch content to a different extent. It is thus feasible to promote the growth, yield and qualities for nutrition and health care in seeds of tartary buck-wheat by adding appropriate Se to soil.