Effects Of Scarification Research Articles

Changes in understory plant communities following soil scarification and amendments in a Northern Hardwood Forest

The regeneration dynamics of sugar maple-dominated stands in northeastern North America are intricately influenced by global changes such as soil acidification, invasive species, forest management, and climate shifts. A notable challenge is the expansion of American beech and its bark disease, threatening mature trees and ecosystem services. Although sylvicultural practices aim to control beech regeneration and enhance high-value species, their impact on understory plant communities remains poorly documented. In Valcartier, eastern Canada, we conducted a field experiment to assess the short-term effects of soil scarification and diverse soil amendments (nitrogen fertilization, liming, wood ash) on understory plant communities in a beech-invaded sugar maple stand. Over four years, we inventoried vegetation and measured various biotic and abiotic variables. Results showed that soil scarification significantly reduced diversity metrics like Simpson dominance, functional diversity, and redundancy (a metric correlated to community stability and resilience to disturbance). Negative effects of scarification were exacerbated by nitrogen, lime, or wood ash additions. Lime amendment without scarification enhanced diversity, suggesting its potential to support understory community stability. While scarification and amendments can promote sugar maple, yellow birch, and pin cherry seedling establishment, they have collateral effects on the understory, impacting productivity, diversity, and resilience in the short term. Land managers should exercise caution when combining these treatments, as they may transiently alter the stability and resilience of the understory and other forest functions. A more sustainable approach involves applying scarification and amendments on small, well-distributed patches within the targeted stands for treatment, avoiding extensive application over large areas.

The Effect of Hot Water Scarification Duration on Germination and Growth of Indigofera zollingeriana Seeds

Indigofera zollingeriana is a type of leguminous plant that is excellent for cultivation as forage for ruminant livestock such as cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep. This study aims to determine the effect of the duration of hot water scarification on the germination of Indigofera zollingeriana seeds. The research was conducted at the Livestock Feed Technology Laboratory of the State Agricultural Polytechnic of Kupang. The study was carried out for 2 weeks using a Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications, namely P0: without hot water scarification, P1: hot water scarification at 65°C for 30 minutes, P2: hot water scarification at 65°C for 60 minutes, and P3: hot water scarification at 65°C for 90 minutes. The variables measured in this study were germination percentage, mean daily germination, and seedling height. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and if there was a significant effect, it was followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that the effect of scarification of Indigofera zollingeriana seeds with hot water at 65°C for different durations significantly affected the parameters of germination percentage and mean daily germination, with the treatment without scarification providing the best results. This could be due to the prolonged duration of soaking, which caused the seeds to experience heat stress. As for the seedling height parameter, the treatment did not have a significant effect. Therefore, hot water scarification with excessively long durations is not recommended as a strategy to promote germination and growth of these seeds.

Seed Scarification and Day Length Effect on the Germination and Vegetative Growth of Soybeans (Glycine max)

Studies were carried out to determine the scarification and day length effects on the germination and early growth of soybean (Glycine max). Soil was collected from the biological garden of Yobe State University Damaturu. The soybean seed sample consists of two different treatments including scarified and unscarified seeds with two different levels of day length. A soybean of the tested varieties was sown in a polythene pot with a depth of half an inch. About two seeds mixed with a star dress were sown in each polythene bag. The data collected were analyzed using Genstat software 16 editions versus. Results of the experiments carried out indicate that, the seeds of soybeans have a highest rate of germination percentage when subjected to scarification treatment. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that, there is no effect of scarification on the germination of soybeans but there was significance in the effect of scarification on the vegetative growth in which the plants that were exposed to 12 hours day and 12 hours night grew faster than those exposed to 24 hours. It is therefore believed that the method of preventing dormancy can be used on soybeans in order to improve the growth and subsequent yield of the soybean crop.

Effect of Scarification and Stratification treatments on Germination and Seedling Vigour of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f) Drupes

The effect of scarification and stratification treatments on germination and seedling vigour of fresh teak drupes was investigated. The drupes were subjected to the following scarification and stratification treatments viz., control, acid scarification (500 mL/kg of drupe) for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min. Cold stratification for 30, 40 and 50 days at 5o C. Warm stratification for 30, 40 and 50 days at 40o C. The treated and control drupes were sown in sand filled earthen pots and placed in direct sunlight for assessing the germination. The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Block Design with ten replications. Germination percentage, number of seedlings/100 drupes, time taken for initial emergence, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index were recorded 28 days after sowing. Acid scarification for 40 minutes, cold stratification at 50°C for 40 days, and warm stratification at 40°C for 40 days resulted in 23.7, 29.8, and 22.7 percent germination, respectively. From this study it could be concluded that warm stratification of fresh teak drupes at 40 0C for 40 days gave maximum germination (29.8 per cent) and seedling vigour (468).

Effect of scarification on biochemical activities of aged seeds in guava (Psidium guajava )

The study was carried out on fresh, one, two and three year aged seeds of guava (Psidium guajava L. ) L-49 (Sardar) in the laboratoryof Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS HAU, Hisar, during 2018-2019. The seeds were subjected to different seed scarification treatments, viz. hot water treatment at 80°C for 1 minute, concentrated sulphuric acid for quick dip and water soaking for 48 hr. The seeds were assessed for peroxidase activity, dehydrogenase activity and electrical conductivity. Hot water treatment at 80°C for 1 minute resulted into maximum peroxidase activity (710.0) and dehydrogenase activity (0.233) but minimum electrical conductivity (11.02). It is concluded that seeds treated with hot water treatment at 80°C for 1 minute showed maximum peroxidase, dehydrogenase activities and minimum electrical conductivity which reflects that better seed quality.

IEffect of Scarification and Stratification treatments on Germination and Seedling Vigour of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f) Drupes

The effect of scarification and stratification treatments on germination and seedling vigour of fresh teak drupes was investigated. The drupes were subjected to the following scarification and stratification treatments viz., control, acid scarification (500 mL/kg of drupe) for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min. Cold stratification for 30, 40 and 50 days at 5o C. Warm stratification for 30, 40 and 50 days at 40o C. The treated and control drupes were sown in sand filled earthen pots and placed in direct sunlight for assessing the germination. The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Block Design with ten replications. Germination percentage, number of seedlings/100 drupes, time taken for initial emergence, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index were recorded 28 days after sowing. Acid scarification for 40 minutes, cold stratification at 50°C for 40 days, and warm stratification at 40°C for 40 days resulted in 23.7, 29.8, and 22.7 percent germination, respectively. From this study it could be concluded that warm stratification of fresh teak drupes at 40 0C for 40 days gave maximum germination (29.8 per cent) and seedling vigour (468).

Effect of scarification on biochemical activities of aged seeds of guava (Psidium guajava)

Effect of scarification on biochemical activities of aged seeds of guava (Psidium guajava)

PENGARUH SKARIFIKASI DAN KONSENTRASI ZPT ALAMI BAWANG MERAH TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora)

The problem faced in generatively multiplying coffee seeds is the length of time for coffee seed germination due to physical obstacles in the form of horn skins that are impermeable to water and gas, so efforts are needed that can accelerate the germination process of coffee seeds. One of the efforts that can be done is scarification and the provision of PGR to spur the germination process of coffee seeds. Shallots contain PGR which has a role similar to IAA (Indole Acetid Acid) which is able to spur plant growth. The study, which aimed to determine the effect of scarification and concentration of natural PGR of shallots on the germination of robust coffee seeds, was carried out at the uniska integrated field laboratory green house, Rejomulyo Village, Kediri City District, from March 10 to June 16, 2022. This study used a randomized complete block design of factorial with 3 tests. The first factor is scarification (S) with 3 levels of scarification, namely S0= without scarification, S1= stabbing of horn skin, S2= stripping of horn skin. The second factor is the natural ZPT concentration factor of shallots (K) consisting of 5 levels, namely K0 = concentration 0%, K1 = concentration 40%, K2 = concentration 60%, K3 = concentration 80%, and K4 = concentration 100%.The results showed that 1) there was no influence of the interaction of scarification and natural ZPT concentration of shallots; 2) the administration of stripping scarification of horn skin stripping gives the best results against the germination of robusta coffee seeds; 3) the provision of a natural ZPT concentration of onions of 80% gives the best results against the germination of robusta coffee seeds

Combined Effects of Scarification, Phytohormones, Stratification, and Soil Type on the Germination and/or Seedling Performance of Three Tamaulipan Thornscrub Forest Species.

Tamaulipan thornforests in south Texas and northeast Mexico are a conservation hotspot. Shortages of native seedlings limit regional restoration and are largely driven by knowledge gaps regarding propagation of the 75+ thornforest species planted during restorations. We previously investigated three thornforest species with low or inconsistent germination or seedling survival: Ebenopsis ebano (Fabaceae), Cordia boissieri (Boraginaceae), and Zanthoxylum fagara (Rutaceae), and identified the types and dosages of chemical seed treatments that maximized germination. However, chemical treatments were performed in isolation and combinational treatments may be required to break dormancy or maximize germination. This study builds on prior work by investigating the effects of all possible combinations of sulfuric acid (SA), gibberellic acid (GA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatments on germination of the same focal species, and further quantified the combined effects of five chemical treatments, three stratification treatments, and six soil mixture types on the germination and seedling performance of the focal species. Ebenopsis ebano germination peaked with SA and was not improved with additional chemical treatments. Cordia boissieri germination was highest with GA only in our indoor experiment but peaked with GA + IBA + SA in our outdoor experiment. Zanthoxylum fagara germination was near zero in all treatments. Stratification treatments marginally reduced E. ebano germination and reduced C. boissieri seedling height. Soil type had significant impacts on E. ebano germination and leaf abundance (residual differences up to 40% or 4 leaves, respectively) and influenced some of the effects of chemical treatments. These results enhance our understanding of thornforest seed ecology and best practices for nursery propagation of seedlings.

Mechanical Scarification Influence on Gleditsia assamica Bor Water Uptake and Germination

Physical dormancy is a typical kind of dormancy in Fabaceae species, including Gleditsia assamica. Physical dormancy is caused by the impermeability of the seed coat and can be alleviated, among others, by mechanical scarification. Previous studies on mechanical scarification effect on G. assamica seed focus only on its germination parameter without regard to its effect on seed water upatke. As germination is initiated with water uptake, current study aims to understand the treatment effect on both of seed water uptake and germination parameters. Tetrazolium dyeing and seed weight measurement trials were conducted to study the seed water uptake. Meanwhile, a germination test is conducted to investigate the treatment's influence on the seed germination parameters. This study shows that mechanical scarification can enhance G. assamica seed water uptake. The treatment was also significantly improve final germination percentage and germination speed index. This study result gives us a clearer understanding of the effect of mechanical scarification to alleviate G. assamica dormancy and germination, which will be advantageous to the species conservation and domestication efforts.

Scarification and Seed Biomatriconditioning Effect Using Endophytic-Rhizobacteria in Areca Nut (Areca catechu L.) Seedling Vigor.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Intensive and commercial development of areca nut requires the provision of high-vigour areca nut. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of scarification and seeds biomatriconditioning using endophytic-rhizobacteria in increasing seedlings vigor of areca nut. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The research was carried out at the Agronomy Unit of Agrotechnology Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Halu Oleo University, from November, 2020-March, 2021. The research design was split-plot in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The main plot, seed scarification, consisted of 2 treatments, without scarification and scarification. Sub-plots, seeds biomatriconditioning using endophytic-rhizobacteria, consisted of 6 treatments, control, L1-R, M5-R, LA6-R, LA2-E and RJ6-R. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that the scarification treatment did not affect the seedlings vigor of the areca nut. Seed biomatriconditioning using endophytic-rhizobacteria was able to increase seedling vigor both without scarification and with scarification. There were 3 isolates of endophytic-rhizobacteria which were more able to increase the vigor of areca nut without scarification, namely L1-R, LA6-R and LA2-E, with an increase of 137, 104 and 102%, respectively compared to the control, while in scarified seeds, L1-R isolate was able to increase the seedlings vigor of areca nut by 194% compared to the control. <b>Conclusion:</b> Scarification treatment did not affect the vigor of the areca nut. Seed biomatriconditioning with endophytic-rhizobacteria was able to increase the vigor of areca nut seeds either without scarification or with scarification.

Application of Natural Growth Regulator on Viability of Soursop Seeds (Annona Muricata Linn.).

Soursop (Annona Muricata Linn.) is a plant that has hard seeds that inhibits germination. One way that can be done to accelerate the process of germination of soursop is by scarifying and using natural growth regulators. This research aim was to identify the effect of scarification and immersion of natural growth regulators on the viability of soursop seeds. This research was conducted at the USU Faculty of Agriculture from July to September 2018 by using a Completely Randomized Design of two treatment factors namely, (1) Scarification (without scarification / control and scarification) and (2) Immersion of Natural Growth Regulators (No Immersion / Control, Immersion with young coconut water; red onion extract and young coconut water). The scarification treatment and immersion of young coconut water and/or red onion extract gave the highest yield, significantly on plant height, leaf number and vigor index.

Effects of Scarification, Phytohormones, Soil Type, and Warming on the Germination and/or Seedling Performance of Three Tamaulipan Thornscrub Forest Species.

The Tamaulipan thornforests of south Texas and northeast Mexico are an ecologically and economically important conservation hotspot. Thornforest restoration is limited by native tree and shrub seedling availability for planting. Seedling shortages arise from low seed availability and knowledge gaps regarding best practices for germinating and growing the 70+ thornforest species desired for restoration plantings. To fill key knowledge gaps, we investigated three ecologically important thornforest species with low or highly variable germination or seedling survival rates: Ebenopsis ebano, Cordia boissieri, and Zanthoxylum fagara. For each, we quantified the effects of different dosages of chemical seed treatments used to promote germination (sulfuric acid, SA; gibberellic acid, GA; indole-3-butyric acid, IBA) on germination likelihood and timing. We also quantified the effects that these chemical seed treatments, soil media mixture type, and soil warming had on seedling survival, growth, and root morphology. Ebenopsis germination peaked (>90%) with 40–60 min SA treatment. Cordia germination peaked (40%) with 100 mg/L GA treatment. Zanthoxylum germination was negligible across all treatments. Seed molding was rare but stirring during SA treatment reduced Ebenopsis molding by 4%. Ebenopsis seedling survival, height, leaf count, and root morphology were minimally affected by seed treatments, generally reduced by warming, and influenced by soil mix, which also mediated responses to warming. These results suggest improvements to existing practices that could increase Ebenopsis germination by 10–20% and potentially double Cordia germination.

Influence of scarification and gibberellic acid on seed dormancy and germination of pomegranate seedlings

Contextualization: Due to the importance of pomegranate among fruit species, studies on the physiology of its seeds and the production of seedlings are essential for the expansion of commercial orchards.
 Knowledge gap: With the portrayed importance of this crop and its use in various sectors, such as agro-industrial and pharmaceutical products, the development of continuous and straightforward propagation techniques that provide a uniform seedling development will provide favorable conditions for the cultivation and exploitation of the species, improving its use and boosting new research. 
 Purpose: To evaluate the effect of scarification and immersion in gibberellic acid on the dormancy of pomegranate seeds, aiming at accelerating the emergence and improving the initial growth of seedlings.
 Methodology: The sarcotesta was removed and the seeds were scarified. The treatments consisted of a scarified control, a non-scarified control (seeds with and without scarification), and seeds subjected to the concentrations of 500 mg L-1, 1,000 mg L-1, and 1,500 mg L-1 of GA3. The following variables were evaluated: initial emergence, emergence percentage, mean emergence time, leaf number, stem diameter, shoot length, root length, and total dry matter.
 Results and conclusions: The pomegranate cv. Valencian seeds do not have tegument-related dormancy. In order to favor the emergence percentage and the initial growth of pomegranate seedlings, mechanical scarification and immersion of the seeds in GA3 are dispensed. Scarification and immersion of pomegranate seeds in 500 mg L-1 of GA3 are recommended to produce seedlings in a shorter time.

PENGARUH SKARIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN URIN KAMBING PADA BIJI GAMAL (Gliricida sepium) DENGAN WAKTU PERENDAMAN BERBEDA TERHADAP KUALITAS BENIH

This study aimed to determine the effect of scarification using goat urine with different soaking time on the quality of gamal seeds (Gliricidia sepium) and determine the best scarification treatment that produces normal sprouts and the best sprouts. This research was conducted in January 2020, located in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. This study used an experimental method using Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments (control or without soaking, seed soaking for 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours) and 6 replications. Each trial unit received 30 seeds of Gamal. Data analysis was performed using the ANOVA continued by the least significant difference (LSD) test. The results showed that scarification of gamal seeds in goat urine at different times of soaking gave significantly effect (P <0.05) on germination, normal sprouts, dead seeds and hard seeds, but did not affect on abnormal sprouts and yield attacked by pests. The best scarification treatment for normal sprouts and sprouts rate was soaking for 16 hours, namely 60.00% and 47.73%, respectively. This results showed the longer soaking the seeds, the higher the germination and normal sprouts.
 
 Keywords: Gamal seeds, Goat urine, Scarification, Soaking time

Agrobiological methods of increase in germinating capacity of seeds of perennial legume grasses in the Middle Preduralie

The article presents the results of laboratory research of swelling rate of non-traditional for the region perennial crops: Gelega orientalis, Poterium polygamum in comparison with traditional Medicago varia Mart. Investigation of watering and swelling process was carried out by gravimetric method. Positive effect of scarification on the rate of water consumption of Galega orientalis and Medicago varia Mart is confirmed: swelling rate of Galega orientalis increased from 0.14 1/h up to 1.09 l/h, Medicago varia Mart – from 0.24 l/h up to 1.85 l/h, which is seven times more than the swelling rate of non-scarified seeds. The swelling rate of scarified seeds of Poterium polygamum conversely decreased from 1.69 l/h to 0.74 l/h. Laboratory seed germination of Galega orientalis and Medicago varia Mart with seed scarification and soaking up to 60% of water level increased threefold relative to the control variant without scarification and twofold to the control variant with scarification. Negative effect on biometric parameters of Galega orientalis and Medicago varia Mart seedlings was noted when seeds were soaked up to 100% of water level. Laboratory germination of Poterium polygamum in all experimental variants was equal to 96%. However, parameters of seedlings were different regarding experimental factors, thus biometric parameters of seedlings increased with the raise of water level in non-scarified seeds of Poterium polygamum and decreased in scarified ones.

Effect of mechanical scarification on seed germination of selected weeds occurring in rice field

Worldwide crop production is affected by different kinds of weeds that reduce yield in agricultural practices. Therefore, for the observation of weed seeds germination and the effect of mechanical scarification of the seed coats on the germination of selected weeds was assessed in the laboratory conditions. For the assessment of scarification effects on seed germination, the seven different kinds of weed genotypes were collected from rice fields in Kumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. The collected seeds were kept for one month and after de-husking of each species of 25 seeds was allowed to germinate in the laboratory with unscarred (normal) and scarred conditions on blotters at temperature 25±5oC and experimental observation was done for 14 days. Among all the species, the highest germination (96%) was observed in scarred seeds but the lower germination (58%) was observed in normal seeds of B. pilosa compare to scarred seeds. The unscarred seeds of A. conyzoides seeds did not germinate at all, while the scarred seeds germinated up to 20%. But the seeds of A. viridis were germinated well in both scarred (84%) and unscarred conditions (80%). The germination of E. colona was also greatly influenced by scarification which increased from 4 to 32%. Similarly, the germination of E. crus-galli, P. barbartum, and S. acmella was also increased by 12, 20, and 4% respectively on scarification. It was observed that scarification of the seeds of the weeds under study quite satisfactorily improved the germination rate. The linear growth of the seedlings was also affected by the scarification of the seeds. In conclusion, the weed seeds management is needed for better production in the cropping system.

Comparative effect of scarification and non-scarification of (Pistacia atlantica) seed in different media and environmental conditions.

       This study was carried out to determine the effects of mechanical scarification and non-scarification of seeds coat, before sowing seed of Pistacia atlantica, on the side of the hilum opposite the radicle to speed up germination in various media. Seeds sowed in three different mediums; Sandy soil, Compost and Peat moss. The results showed that peat moss had best performance in almost all the parameters stem length 211.17mm, stem diameter 4.23mm, stem wet weight 6.04 mm, stem dry weight 2.59g, root length 484.42mm, root diameter 4.08mm, root wet weight 2.36g and root dry weight 1.08g. Interaction of indoor, Peat moss medium with scarification significantly increased all the studied parameters. &nbsp

Endozoochory of Chrysobalanus icaco (Cocoplum) by Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher Tortoise) facilitates rapid germination and colonization in a suburban nature preserve.

Some large-seeded plants lack effective seed dispersal agents when they are introduced as ornamental plants to new areas, but can rapidly colonize a landscape if seed dispersal functions are restored. We examined whether Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher Tortoise) facilitated the spread of Chrysobalanus icaco (Cocoplum; Chrysobalanaceae) over a 14-year period in a suburban nature preserve (in Jupiter, FL, USA) by: (i) comparing germination patterns among gut-passed, hand-depulped and whole fruit treatments, and (ii) testing hypotheses about environmental predictors of the spatial distribution of C. icaco, including information about G. polyphemus movement pathways and burrow locations. While we did not find a significant difference in the total proportion of C. icaco seeds that germinated in each treatment, time to event analysis revealed that seeds that were found in faeces germinated significantly earlier than seeds that were hand-depulped or that were planted as whole fruits, supporting a lone scarification effect. Point process modeling revealed that the density of C. icaco bushes was higher near G. polyphemus movement pathways and was lower inside Serenoa repens (Saw Palmetto) patches, supporting a positive effect of tortoise movement patterns on plant distributions. The density of C. icaco increased from west to east, consistent with westward dispersal from the four founder bushes on the east side of the study area. After removal of outliers, we also detected a negative association between C. icaco spatial density and G. polyphemus burrow density that was presumably explained by the fact that seeds defecated deep within burrows were unlikely to germinate and establish without secondary movement. The results suggest that G. polyphemus contributed to the rapid dispersal of C. icaco by scatter dispersal of seeds (via faeces) in areas where tortoises were active and that movement pathways provided suitable conditions for colonization. The spread of C. icaco by G. polyphemus over a relatively short period of time provides a valuable window into the earliest stages of the colonization process and further supports the role of Chelonians as effective seed dispersal agents for large-seeded plants.

Seeds quality of the domestic millet (Panicum virgatum L.) depending on the scarification mode

The aim of the research is determination of millet seed scarification efficiency depending on the modes – the amount of seeds surface removal. Scarification implies mechanical damage to the solid seed coat surface and its partial removal is applied to increase the intensity of seed germination. Studies oo implying this method on the millet seeds of the rod-shaped millet have shown that the seeds germination energy and sprouting significantly increase. On average for 15 experiments, these indicators increased by 7 % compared to the control – without scarification. A comprehensive study of the effect of scarification and vegetation years on germination energy and seed germination revealed that both the vegetation years and scarification influence these parameters. The share of factors influence on the seeds germination showed that the "vegetation year" factor was the dominant and made 70.9 %, the impact of scarification factor made only 6.9 %. The seeds quality in both control and scarification variants varied significantly depending on the vegetation years of the millet. The highest germination energy and sprouting were in the seeds of the seventh year, the lowest – the fourth year of the crop vegetation. To investigate the impact of scarification on the seeds quality, a series of one-factor experiments were conducted in which the seeds of one batch were used. It is found that scarification with removing 2.8–8.8 % of the seed coat, provided a significant increase in seed germination compared to the control (without scarification). Removal of 8.8 % of the seed coat surface provided 9 % increase in germination energy and 6 % in sprouting increase; removal of 2.8 % of the surface provided germination energy increased by 11 % and sprouting increase by 8 %. The impact of the scarification factor on the germination energy and sprouting was significant and amounted to 50.0 and 84.0 %, respectively. The application of scarification of the millet seed provides a reliable increase in its germination energy and sprouting, but this method does not solve the problem of reducing the seeds biological dormancy, so it is advisable to continue the study on the nature of the seed dormancy in order to clarify tme possibility of managing this phenomenon and improve the technology of obtaining sufficient amount of high germination seeds. Key words: sprouting, germination energy, scarification, seed coat, seed mass.